强调测绘技术合理性的教学改革——以南京工业大学建筑学专业古建筑测绘课程为例
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摘要
近年来,激光扫描、摄影测量等光学测量技术在古建筑测绘教学中逐渐普及,然而其往往仅作为手工测量的辅助,用于量取后者不便测量的数据,忽视了其对测量成果图学表达方法革新的潜力。以南京工业大学建筑学专业古建筑测绘课程为例,介绍了强调测绘技术合理性的教学改革。在教学目标上,了解古建筑与学习测绘技能并重,仪器测量与手工测量同步,多种图学表达方法结合。在教学组织上,结合测量技术学习的规律和测量对象的特点,分为授课、实验、测量、数据处理、成果表达五个环节。在考核方式上,强调测量精度、表达深度、合作协同。最后,以矢量图与三维模型结合表达纪念性建筑、手工测量与仪器测量所得屋顶曲面数据的互证、天花彩画的病害记录与分析、基于地理信息系统的南京古建筑专题地图为例,介绍了教学成果的多元表达与专业反馈。这一教学改革正视新兴测量技术对传统古建筑测绘方法的革新,及其对不同类型古建筑的图学表达带来的帮助,使学生掌握的测绘技术更趋实用,并意识到数字化技术在建筑学不同分支中的共通性。
Optical measurement technologies such as laser scanning and photogrammetry have been widely used in the courses of historic building survey in recent years, but they are mainly considered as a supplementary method to hand measurement instead of an innovation to graphical representation. The article presents the teaching reform emphasizing the rationality of survey technology, taking historic building survey course of architecture specialty in Nanjing Tech University as an example. The teaching objectives are learning historic buildings and surveying techniques, mastering optical measurements and hand measurements, and drawing with multi-methods. The teaching procedure consists of lecture, trial, field measurement, data processing, and graphical representation. Accuracy, level of development and team collaboration are regarded as criteria of assessment. The results are illustrated with four cases: integrating raster imageries with 3 D models, validating hand-measured data with optical measurement, mapping the diseases of ceiling paintings,and a GIS-based thematic map of historic buildings in Nanjing. The course reform echoes the innovation of measurement technology to conventional surveying of historic buildings and graphical representation of different architectural types. It exposes students to practical measurement technologies, and promotes them to realize the connection between different branches of architecture with the media digital technology.
Optical measurement technologies such as laser scanning and photogrammetry have been widely used in the courses of historic building survey in recent years, but they are mainly considered as a supplementary method to hand measurement instead of an innovation to graphical representation. The article presents the teaching reform emphasizing the rationality of survey technology, taking historic building survey course of architecture specialty in Nanjing Tech University as an example. The teaching objectives are learning historic buildings and surveying techniques, mastering optical measurements and hand measurements, and drawing with multi-methods. The teaching procedure consists of lecture, trial, field measurement, data processing, and graphical representation. Accuracy, level of development and team collaboration are regarded as criteria of assessment. The results are illustrated with four cases: integrating raster imageries with 3 D models, validating hand-measured data with optical measurement, mapping the diseases of ceiling paintings,and a GIS-based thematic map of historic buildings in Nanjing. The course reform echoes the innovation of measurement technology to conventional surveying of historic buildings and graphical representation of different architectural types. It exposes students to practical measurement technologies, and promotes them to realize the connection between different branches of architecture with the media digital technology.
引文
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[2]李婧.中国建筑遗产测绘史研究[D].天津:天津大学,2015.
[3]汤羽扬,杜博怡,丁延辉.三维激光扫描数据在文物建筑保护中应用的探讨[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2011,27(4):1-6.
[4]孙政,曹永康.基于消费级无人机采集图像的摄影测量在建筑遗产测绘中的精度评估———以吉祥多门塔为例[J].建筑遗产,2017(4):120-127.
[5]胡岷山.三维激光扫描技术在古建测绘中的应用———以教学实验课程为例[J].建筑学报,2018(Sup1):126-128.
[6]Logothetis S,Delinasiou A,Stylianidis E. Building information modelling for cultural heritage:A review[J]. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2015,2(5):177.
[7]Campanaro D M,Landeschi G,Dell’Unto N,et al. 3D GIS for cultural heritage restoration:A‘white box’workflow[J].Journal of Cultural Heritage,2015(9):321-332.
[8]张莹莹,孙政.西藏建筑遗产测绘中的技术适用性[J].华中建筑,2018,36(1):52-56.
[9]郭华瑜.南京明孝陵明楼建筑形制研究[J].建筑史,2009(2):81-92.
[10]郭华瑜,孙璨.从“四方城”到神功圣德碑亭———南京明孝陵神功圣德碑亭修缮设计记思[J].建筑史,2016(2):97-108.