全断面隧道掘进机破岩机理离散元分析
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摘要
将基于微观胶结试验得到的岩石微观力学模型植入离散元软件,模拟滚刀破岩过程并重点分析滚刀破岩各阶段的宏微观机理.结果表明:滚刀破岩过程按破岩阻力和侵入深度的关系可以分为3个阶段,即加载阶段、卸载阶段和残余跃进阶段;破岩过程中的胶结破坏主要分为拉破坏和剪扭破坏2种类型,其中,中裂纹主要由拉剪扭复合破坏引起,斜裂纹主要由拉破坏引起,证实了张拉破坏理论.加载阶段是滚刀破岩的必经阶段,卸载阶段是滚刀破岩的关键阶段,有效利用卸载阶段破碎特性可以提高破岩效率.
The process of rock cutting was simulated by discrete element method software where the reasonable contact model for rock summarized from the micro bond contact experiment was implanted.The macroscopic and microscopic mechanism on the crack propagation of each stage during rock cutting was investigated.The results show that:the process of rock cutting can be divided into three stages,i.e.loading stage,unloading stage and residual leaping broken stage;failures of the bonds mainly exhibit tensile failure and shear-torsion failure.The crack under the tip is mainly caused by shear-torsion failures while oblique crack is mainly caused by tensile failures.Therefore,the tension failure theory was confirmed.The unloading stage is the critical stage of the overall process and the efficiency of rock fragmentation will be improved if the fragmentation behavior of unloading stage is efficiently used.
The process of rock cutting was simulated by discrete element method software where the reasonable contact model for rock summarized from the micro bond contact experiment was implanted.The macroscopic and microscopic mechanism on the crack propagation of each stage during rock cutting was investigated.The results show that:the process of rock cutting can be divided into three stages,i.e.loading stage,unloading stage and residual leaping broken stage;failures of the bonds mainly exhibit tensile failure and shear-torsion failure.The crack under the tip is mainly caused by shear-torsion failures while oblique crack is mainly caused by tensile failures.Therefore,the tension failure theory was confirmed.The unloading stage is the critical stage of the overall process and the efficiency of rock fragmentation will be improved if the fragmentation behavior of unloading stage is efficiently used.
引文
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[20]Martin C D.The strength of massive Lac du Bonnet granite around underground openings[D].Winnipeg:University of Manitoba,1993.
[21]Innaurato N,Oggeri C,Oreste P P,et al.Experimental and numerical studies on rock breaking with TBM tools under high stress confinement[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2007,40(5):429.
[2]Swain M V,Lawn B R.Indentation fracture in brittle rocks and glasses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1976,13(11):311.
[3]余静.岩石机械破碎规律和破岩机理模型[J].煤炭学报,1982,7(3):10.YU Jing.Rules of rock fragmentation with mechanical methods and model of rock failure mechanism[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1982,7(3).10.
[4]Sanio H P.Prediction of the performance of disc cutters in anisotropic rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1985,22(3):153.
[5]Cundall P A,Strack O D L.A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies[J].Geotechnique,1979,29(1):47.
[6]Gong Q M,Zhao J,Jiao Y Y.Numerical modeling of the effects of joint orientation on rock fragmentation by TBM cutters[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20(2):183.
[7]Gong Q M,Jiao J J,Zhao J.Numerical modeling of the effects of joint spacing on rock fragmentation by TBM cutters[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(1):46.
[8]Moon T,Oh J.A study of optimal rock-cutting conditions for hard rock TBM using the discrete element method[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45:837.
[9]苏利军,孙金山,卢文波.基于颗粒流模型的TBM滚刀破岩过程数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2823.SU Lijun,SUN Jinshan,LU Wenbo.Research on numerical simulation of rock fragmentation by TBM cutters using particle flow method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(9):2823.
[10]张魁,夏毅敏,谭青,等.不同围压条件下TBM刀具破岩模式的数值研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(11):1780.ZHANG Kui,XIA Yimin,TAN Qing,et al.Numerical study on modes of breaking rock by TBM cutter under different confining pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(11):1780.
[11]莫振泽,李海波,周青春,等.基于UDEC的隧道掘进机滚刀破岩数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(4):1196.MO Zhenze,LI Haibo,ZHOU Qingchun,et al.Experimental study of rock microscopic deterioration under wedge cutter[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(4):1196.
[12]谭青,李建芳,夏毅敏,等.盘形滚刀破岩过程的数值研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2707.TAN Qing,LI Jianfang,XIA Yimin,et al.Numerical research on rock fragmentation process by disc cutter[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2707.
[13]Jiang M J,Chen H,Crosta G B.Numerical modeling of rock mechanical behavior and fracture propagation by a new bond contact model[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,78:175.
[14]Jiang M J,Jiang T,Crosta G B,et al.Modeling failure of jointed rock slope with two main joint sets using a novel DEM bond contact model[J].Engineering Geology,2015,193:79.
[15]Jiang M J,Sun Y G,Xiao Y.An experimental investigation on the contact behavior between cemented granules[J].Geotechnical and Testing Journal,2012,35(5):678.
[16]蒋明镜,白闰平,刘静德,等.岩石微观颗粒接触特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(6):1121.JIANG Mingjing,BAI Runping,LIU Jingde,et al.Experimental study of inter-granular particles bonding behaviors for rock microstructure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(6):1121.
[17]陈贺.岩石宏微观力学特性及高陡岩质边坡的离散元数值模拟[D].上海:同济大学,2013.CHEN He.Macro-and micro-mechanical behaviors of rock and simulation of high-steep rock slope by distinct element method[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2013.
[18]Meglis I L,Chow T M,Young R P.Progressive microcrack development in tests on Lac du Bonnet Granite.I.acoustic emission source location and velocity measurements[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics Sciences and Geomechanics Abstract,1995,32(8):741.
[19]Jiang M J,Konrad J M,Leroueil S.An efficient technique for generating homogeneous specimens for DEM studies[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30(7):579.
[20]Martin C D.The strength of massive Lac du Bonnet granite around underground openings[D].Winnipeg:University of Manitoba,1993.
[21]Innaurato N,Oggeri C,Oreste P P,et al.Experimental and numerical studies on rock breaking with TBM tools under high stress confinement[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2007,40(5):429.