湖南丘陵城市土地生态敏感性评价及景观生态格局优化研究
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摘要
以地处湖南丘陵地区浏阳市为例,选取自然环境、社会经济、生态安全三方面要素10个生态敏感性因子作为评价指标,基于多因素叠加分析和GIS空间分析方法,获得浏阳市生态敏感性空间分布。在生态敏感性综合评价的基础上,对浏阳市景观格局分析,应用最小累积耗费距离模型进行市域景观格局优化,并将优化成果应用于浏阳市中心城区景观绿地系统规划。结果表明:1)浏阳市生态敏感性总体较高,总体分布规律为城镇区域较低,市域中西部区域偏低,东北部区域相对较高,高度敏感区、中度敏感区、低度敏感区和非敏感区分别占市域总面积的52.99%、18.20%、18.79%和10.02%;2)浏阳市域内优势景观类型明显、异质性差,景观形状复杂、破碎化程度较高,整体连通性差,景观生态系统不稳定,不利于现状景观空间格局的维持。结合敏感性景观格局分析结果,构建生态源地、廊道和节点等景观要素,形成以林地、绿地等为主的生态斑块,河流、道路绿带为主的生态廊道,土地利用作为绿色基质的景观优化格局,并利用优化成果对浏阳市中心城区景观绿地系统进行规划设计,实现丘陵城市土地利用生态安全。
Taking Liuyang city in Hunan hilly area as an example, 10 ecological sensitive factors were selected from 3 aspects of natural environment, social economy and ecological security. And the spatial distribution of the ecological sensitivity of Liuyang city was figured out based on multi-factor overlay analysis and GIS spatial analysis method. On the basis of ecological sensitivity comprehensive evaluation, according to the minimum cumulative consumption distance model, the city field landscape spatial pattern was optimized, and the results of the optimization applied to the central city of Liuyang landscape green space system planning.The results showed that: 1) the ecological sensitivity in Liuyang city totally was higher. The overall distribution law were lower for the urban area, and the central and western regions of the city were lower, but the northeast region is relatively high. And the highly sensitive, moderately sensitive, low sensitive, and insensitive areas occupied 52.99%, 18.20%, 18.79% and 10.02%. 2) The characteristics of the city field's overall landscape pattern were shown in complex landscape shape, low diversity, small heterogeneity, poor connectivity, high fragmentation degree, and unstable landscape ecological system which went against to the maintenance of current landscape utilization pattern. Combined with sensitivity analysis results, a landscape ecological functional network with sources, corridors and ecological function nodes was constructed, of which patches mainly are constituted by woodland and green spaces; landscape corridors mainly made up of greenbelts and rivers; land use as landscape base.The results of the optimization was applied to the central city of Liuyang landscape green space system planning, so as to achieve the ecological security of land use in hilly cities.
Taking Liuyang city in Hunan hilly area as an example, 10 ecological sensitive factors were selected from 3 aspects of natural environment, social economy and ecological security. And the spatial distribution of the ecological sensitivity of Liuyang city was figured out based on multi-factor overlay analysis and GIS spatial analysis method. On the basis of ecological sensitivity comprehensive evaluation, according to the minimum cumulative consumption distance model, the city field landscape spatial pattern was optimized, and the results of the optimization applied to the central city of Liuyang landscape green space system planning.The results showed that: 1) the ecological sensitivity in Liuyang city totally was higher. The overall distribution law were lower for the urban area, and the central and western regions of the city were lower, but the northeast region is relatively high. And the highly sensitive, moderately sensitive, low sensitive, and insensitive areas occupied 52.99%, 18.20%, 18.79% and 10.02%. 2) The characteristics of the city field's overall landscape pattern were shown in complex landscape shape, low diversity, small heterogeneity, poor connectivity, high fragmentation degree, and unstable landscape ecological system which went against to the maintenance of current landscape utilization pattern. Combined with sensitivity analysis results, a landscape ecological functional network with sources, corridors and ecological function nodes was constructed, of which patches mainly are constituted by woodland and green spaces; landscape corridors mainly made up of greenbelts and rivers; land use as landscape base.The results of the optimization was applied to the central city of Liuyang landscape green space system planning, so as to achieve the ecological security of land use in hilly cities.
引文
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[22]于冰沁,田舒,车生泉.从麦克哈格到斯坦尼兹:基于景观生态学的风景园林规划理论与方法的嬗变[J].中国园林,2013,29(4):67-72.
[23]朱东国,谢炳庚,熊鹏.基于三维景观格局指数的张家界市土地利用格局时空演化[J].经济地理,2017,37(8):168-175.
[24]陈卓雅,郭泺,薛达元.基于GIS的新县生态敏感性分析[J].生态科学,2015,34(1):97-102.
[25]王大鹏,王满堂,陈伟.台儿庄生态敏感性GIS评价[J].测绘科学,2012,37(1):64-66.
[26]朱查松,罗震东,胡继元.基于生态敏感性分析的城市非建设用地划分研究[J].城市发展研究,2008,15(4):30-35.
[27]宗跃光,甄峰.景观规划模式与景观韵律学[J].生态学报,2006,26(1):221-230.
[28]刘杰,叶晶,杨婉,等.基于GIS的滇池流域景观格局优化[J].自然资源学报,2012(5):801-808.
[2]刘成武,李秀彬.1980年以来中国农地利用变化的区域差异[J].地理学报,2006,61(2):139-145.
[3]李德旺,李红清,雷晓琴,等.基于GIS技术及层次分析法的长江上游生态敏感性研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(5):633-639.
[4]潘竟虎,董晓峰.基于GIS的黑河流域生态环境敏感性评价与分区[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(2):267-273.
[5]林涓涓,潘文斌.基于GIS的流域生态敏感性评价及其区划方法研究[J].安全与环境工程,2005,12(2):23-26.
[6]杨月圆,王金亮,杨丙丰.云南省土地生态敏感性评价[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2253-2260.
[7]张伟东,王雪峰.辽宁省生态功能区划研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2007,28(2):58-62.
[8]颜磊,许学工,谢正磊,等.北京市域生态敏感性综合评价[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):3117-3125.
[9]曹建军,刘永娟.GIS支持下上海城市生态敏感性分析[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1805-1812.
[10]宋晓龙,李晓文,白军红,等.黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区生态敏感性评价[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4836-4846.
[11]陈华丽,汪永华,丁国平,等.旅游地景观生态规划中的生态敏感性分析:以湖南凤凰南华山国家森林公园为例[J].风景园林,2005,12(2):66-69.
[12]贾良清,欧阳志云,赵同谦,等.安徽省生态功能区划研究[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):254-260.
[13]宋志军,刘黎明.北京市城郊农业区多功能演变的空间特征[J].地理科学,2011,31(4):427-433.
[14]朱光明,王士君,贾建生,等.基于生态敏感性评价的城市土地利用模式研究:以长春净月经济开发区为例[J].人文地理,2011(5):71-75.
[15]汪洋,赵万民.城市总体规划生态敏感空间信息图谱的GIS构建[J].中国园林,2007,23(10):54-56.
[16]谢旻.基于生态敏感性评价的乡村景观规划设计:以浙江乐清下山头村为例[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[17]Sinton D.The user's guide to IMGRID:An information manipulation system for grid cell structures[D].Cambridge,Mass:Department of Landscape Architecture,Harvard University,1997.
[18]Horne R,Hickey J.Ecological sensitivity of Australian rainforests to selective logging[J].Australian Journal of Ecology,1991,16(1):119-129.
[19]Kumar K S K,Parikh J.Indian agriculture and climate sensitivity[J].Global Environmental Change,Part A:Human and Policy Dimensions,2001,11(2):147-154.
[20]Turner M G.Landscape Ecology:The Ecology of Pattern on Process[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1989(20):171-179.
[21]张秋菊,傅伯杰,陈利顶.关于景观格局演变研究的几个问题[J].地理科学,2003,23(3):264-270.
[22]于冰沁,田舒,车生泉.从麦克哈格到斯坦尼兹:基于景观生态学的风景园林规划理论与方法的嬗变[J].中国园林,2013,29(4):67-72.
[23]朱东国,谢炳庚,熊鹏.基于三维景观格局指数的张家界市土地利用格局时空演化[J].经济地理,2017,37(8):168-175.
[24]陈卓雅,郭泺,薛达元.基于GIS的新县生态敏感性分析[J].生态科学,2015,34(1):97-102.
[25]王大鹏,王满堂,陈伟.台儿庄生态敏感性GIS评价[J].测绘科学,2012,37(1):64-66.
[26]朱查松,罗震东,胡继元.基于生态敏感性分析的城市非建设用地划分研究[J].城市发展研究,2008,15(4):30-35.
[27]宗跃光,甄峰.景观规划模式与景观韵律学[J].生态学报,2006,26(1):221-230.
[28]刘杰,叶晶,杨婉,等.基于GIS的滇池流域景观格局优化[J].自然资源学报,2012(5):801-808.