华东热湿地区四种植物群落类型对降温效应的影响研究
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摘要
中国城市化进程不断推进,城市热岛效应的强度和负面影响越来越大,因此研究绿地植物群落类型对城市降温效应的影响具有重要意义。在实地调研的基础上,采用多元统计和拟合函数模型等方法,利用叶面积指数、三维绿量等因子分析4种植物群落类型的降温效应,以揭示绿地植物群落类型对降温效应影响的内在机制。夏季,4种植物群落类型对降温效应影响趋势分布排序为:乔木—灌木—草坪群落>群植小乔木群落>乔木—草坪群落>乔木—硬质铺装群落;其中乔木—草坪群落与乔木—硬质铺装群落的降温效应较为接近。将反映植物群落特征的因子导入拟合数学方程模型,从而形成对降温效应作用较好的群落结构。研究结果和研究创新之处在于研究结果阐述了绿地植物群落类型对降温效应影响的内在作用机制。
With the continuous progress of China's urbanization, the intensity and negative impact of urban heat island effect are becoming increasingly prominent. So it is of great significance to study the effects of green plant community types on urban cooling. Based on field surveys, multivariate statistical analysis, and the establishment of fitting function model, we have analyzed the cooling effects of four plant community types from plant leaf area index and 3 D Green Quantity, to reveal the internal mechanism of the influence of green plant community types on the cooling effect. In summer, plant leaf area index and 3 D Green Quantity are adopted in the sequence of four plant community types on cooling effect: arbor-shrub-lawn community > group planting with short tree community > arbor-lawn community > arbor-hardpavement community. The cooling effect of tree-grass and tree with pavement of rigid material have similar function.The community characteristics can be introduced into the mathematical equation model to form a suitable plant community type for landscaping, and the inner mechanism of the influence of vegetation community on cooling effect is illustrated finally, which is one of the innovations of this study.
With the continuous progress of China's urbanization, the intensity and negative impact of urban heat island effect are becoming increasingly prominent. So it is of great significance to study the effects of green plant community types on urban cooling. Based on field surveys, multivariate statistical analysis, and the establishment of fitting function model, we have analyzed the cooling effects of four plant community types from plant leaf area index and 3 D Green Quantity, to reveal the internal mechanism of the influence of green plant community types on the cooling effect. In summer, plant leaf area index and 3 D Green Quantity are adopted in the sequence of four plant community types on cooling effect: arbor-shrub-lawn community > group planting with short tree community > arbor-lawn community > arbor-hardpavement community. The cooling effect of tree-grass and tree with pavement of rigid material have similar function.The community characteristics can be introduced into the mathematical equation model to form a suitable plant community type for landscaping, and the inner mechanism of the influence of vegetation community on cooling effect is illustrated finally, which is one of the innovations of this study.
引文
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图1以苏州电子地图(百度地图)为底图进行自绘;图2~7均为作者自绘。
[2]张艳丽,费世民,李智勇,等.成都市沙河主要绿化树种固碳释氧和降温增湿效益[J].生态学报,2013,33(12):3878-3887.
[3]蔡园园,闫淑君,陈英,等.亚热带城市河流廊道绿带结构的温湿效应[J].福建林学院学报,2013,33(4):357-362.
[4]林永善.基于遥感技术的厦门城市热岛效应研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2008:36-38.
[5]周坚华,孙天纵.三维绿色生物量的遥感模式研究与绿化环境效益估算[J].环境遥感,1995,10(3):162-173.
[6]晏海,王雪,董丽.华北树木群落夏季微气候特征及其对人体舒适度的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(5):57-63.
[7]周坚华,孙天纵.三维绿色生物量的遥感模式研究与绿化环境效益估算[J].环境遥感,1995,10(3):162-173.
[8]张德顺,王振.高密度地区广场冠层小气候效应及人体热舒适度研究:以上海创智天地广场为例[J].中国园林,2017,33(4):18-22.
[9]张德顺,李宾,王振,等.上海豫园夏季小气候实测研究[J].中国园林.2016(1):18-22.
[10]章丽耀,张德顺.群落光环境特征对于游人行为偏好的而影响研究[C]//中国风景园林学会2017年会论文集.风景园林与“城市双修”.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017:554-558.
[11]HARDIN P J,JENSEN R R.The Effect of Urban Leaf Area on Summertime Urban Surface Kinetic Temperatures:ATerre Haute Case Study[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2007,6(2):63-72.
[12]BARRADAS VL,TEJEDA-MARTINEZ A,JAUREGUI E.Energy Balance Measurements in a Suburban Vegetated Area in Mexico City[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(24):4109-4113.
[13]BOURBIA F,BOUCHERIBA F.Impact of Street Design on Urban Microclimate for Semi Arid Climate(Constantine)[J].Renewable Energy,2010,35(2):343-347.
图1以苏州电子地图(百度地图)为底图进行自绘;图2~7均为作者自绘。