玉米机械收获子粒破碎率与含水率关系的品种间差异
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摘要
基于2012～2017年在北疆大田机械粒收条件下获取的收获质量评价数据,分析当地主栽的9个品种机械粒收过程中子粒破碎率和含水率的关系。调查范围内,不同品种收获期子粒含水率平均值分布范围为19.6%(KX9384,KWS1568)～28.2%(联创808),破碎率平均值分布范围为2.8%(新引M753)～8.5%(KWS2564),收获时品种间子粒含水率和破碎率均存在显著差异。分析显示,虽然131个样本子粒含水率(y)与破碎率(x)之间呈极显著正相关(r=0.302**),符合二次曲线(y=ax~2+bx+c)关系,但不同品种破碎率对子粒含水率的响应程度具有一定差异。在相同含水率条件下不同品种耐破碎性能存在较大差异,相应满足国标破碎率≤5%和≤8%要求适宜收获的子粒含水率范围也不同。筛选出新引M751、新引M753、KX9384、登海618和先玉335等耐破碎性能较好的品种。
From 2012 to 2017, the grain moisture contents and broken rates of 9 local main cultivars were tested at harvest in northern Xinjiang. The results showed that the averaged grain moisture content of each cultivar at harvest was 19.6(KX9384,KWS1568)-28.2%(LC808), and the mean broken rate ranged from 2.8(M753) to 8.5%(KWS2564). The difference in grain moisture content and broken rate among cultivars were significant. Although there was a very significant positive correlation(r=0.302**) between grain moisture content(y) and broken rate(x),and they conformed to a quadratic curve equation(y=ax~2+bx+c, n=131), the response degrees of grain broken rate to grain moisture content of different cultivars were different. Under the same moisture content, the broken rates of different cultivars were quite different, and the range of moisture contents of grain meeting for the requirements of national standard broken rate of less than 5% or less than 8% was also different. The M751, M753, KX9384, DH618,and Xianyu335 were selected.
From 2012 to 2017, the grain moisture contents and broken rates of 9 local main cultivars were tested at harvest in northern Xinjiang. The results showed that the averaged grain moisture content of each cultivar at harvest was 19.6(KX9384,KWS1568)-28.2%(LC808), and the mean broken rate ranged from 2.8(M753) to 8.5%(KWS2564). The difference in grain moisture content and broken rate among cultivars were significant. Although there was a very significant positive correlation(r=0.302**) between grain moisture content(y) and broken rate(x),and they conformed to a quadratic curve equation(y=ax~2+bx+c, n=131), the response degrees of grain broken rate to grain moisture content of different cultivars were different. Under the same moisture content, the broken rates of different cultivars were quite different, and the range of moisture contents of grain meeting for the requirements of national standard broken rate of less than 5% or less than 8% was also different. The M751, M753, KX9384, DH618,and Xianyu335 were selected.
引文
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[6]Dutta P K.Effects of grain moisture,drying methods,and variety on breakage susceptibility of shelled corns as measured by the Wisconsin Breakage Tester[D].Ames:Iowa State University,1986.
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[9]范国昌,王惠新,籍俊杰,等.影响玉米摘穗过程中子粒破碎和子粒损失率的因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4):72-74.Fan G C,Wang H X,Ji J J,et al.Analysis of influence factor on seed damage rate and loss rate during picking corn-cob[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(4):72-74.(in Chinese)
[10]Plett S.Corn kernel breakage as a function of grain moisture at harvest in a prairie environment[J].Canada Journal Plant Science,1994,74(3):543-544.
[11]Chowdhury M H,Buchele W F.The nature of corn kernel damage inflicted in the shelling crescent of grain combines[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1978:610-614.
[12]Henry W,Buchele W F.Factors affecting corn kernel damage combine cylinders[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1969:55-59.
[13]Pradip K D.Effects of grain moisture,drying methods,and variety on breakage susceptibility of shelled corns as measured by the Wisconsin Breakage Tester[D].Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis,1986,Library,Iowa State University,Ames,Iowa.
[2]Steele J L,Saul R A,Hukill W V.Dterioration of shelled corn as measured by carbon dioxide production[J].American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1967,12(5):685-689.
[3]李少昆.我国玉米机械粒收质量影响因素及粒收技术的发展方向[J].石河子大学学报,2017,35(3):265-272.Li S K.Factors affecting the quality of maize grain mechanical harvest and the development trend of grain harvest technology[J].Journal Shihezi University,2017,35(3):265-272.(in Chinese)
[4]柴宗文,王克如,郭银巧,等.玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2036-2043.Chai Z W,Wang K R,Guo Y Q,et al.Current status of maize mechanical grain harvesting and its relationship with grain moisture content[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2036-2043.(in Chinese)
[5]李少昆,王克如,谢瑞芝,等.玉米子粒机械收获破碎率研究[J].作物杂志,2017(2):76-80.Li S K,Wang K R,Xie R Z,et al.Research on grain broken rate of corn mechanical harvesting in China[J].Crops,2017(2):76–80.(in Chinese)
[6]Dutta P K.Effects of grain moisture,drying methods,and variety on breakage susceptibility of shelled corns as measured by the Wisconsin Breakage Tester[D].Ames:Iowa State University,1986.
[7]Hill L D,Hurburgh C R,Paulsen M R.Illinois-Iowa moisture meter recalibrations for corn[D].Urbana:University of Illinois,1981.
[8]宋卫堂,封俊,胡鸿烈.北京地区夏玉米联合收获的试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(5):45-48.Song W T,Feng J,Hu H L.Experimental study on combine harvesting of summer corn in Beijing area[J].Trans CSAM,2005,36(5):45-48.(in Chinese)
[9]范国昌,王惠新,籍俊杰,等.影响玉米摘穗过程中子粒破碎和子粒损失率的因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4):72-74.Fan G C,Wang H X,Ji J J,et al.Analysis of influence factor on seed damage rate and loss rate during picking corn-cob[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(4):72-74.(in Chinese)
[10]Plett S.Corn kernel breakage as a function of grain moisture at harvest in a prairie environment[J].Canada Journal Plant Science,1994,74(3):543-544.
[11]Chowdhury M H,Buchele W F.The nature of corn kernel damage inflicted in the shelling crescent of grain combines[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1978:610-614.
[12]Henry W,Buchele W F.Factors affecting corn kernel damage combine cylinders[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1969:55-59.
[13]Pradip K D.Effects of grain moisture,drying methods,and variety on breakage susceptibility of shelled corns as measured by the Wisconsin Breakage Tester[D].Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis,1986,Library,Iowa State University,Ames,Iowa.