美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)模式对我国科技创新的启示——基于巴斯德象限角度
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摘要
美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)是全球最大的医学研究及资助机构,在项目评审与资助、基金管理模式、科研人才培养等方面形成了比较高效的运行体制和机制。美国学者司托克斯在《巴斯德——基础科学与技术创新》一书中,提出了基础研究和技术创新的象限模型,并认为NIH的管理和运行模式能够有效推动由应用引起的基础研究(即巴斯德象限研究)发展。当前,我国需要加大对科学研究特别是由应用所引发的基础研究的支持力度,研究NIH模式的特点对我国科技体制创新具有一定启示意义。
The National Institutes of Health(NIH) is the largest medical research and funding institution in the world. The more efficient operating system and mechanism have been formed in the project review and funding, fund management mode, scientific research personnel training and other aspects. In the book Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation, American scholar Stokes proposes a quadrant model of basic research and technological innovation, and believes that the management and operation mode can effectively promote the development of basic research(Pasteur Quadrant Research) caused by applications. At present, China needs to increase its support for scientific research, especially basic research caused by applications. Studying the characteristics of NIH mode has certain enlightenment to the innovation of scientific and technological system in China.
The National Institutes of Health(NIH) is the largest medical research and funding institution in the world. The more efficient operating system and mechanism have been formed in the project review and funding, fund management mode, scientific research personnel training and other aspects. In the book Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation, American scholar Stokes proposes a quadrant model of basic research and technological innovation, and believes that the management and operation mode can effectively promote the development of basic research(Pasteur Quadrant Research) caused by applications. At present, China needs to increase its support for scientific research, especially basic research caused by applications. Studying the characteristics of NIH mode has certain enlightenment to the innovation of scientific and technological system in China.
引文
[1]陈宁.美国国立卫生研究院系列调研(一)——基本概况[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2008,23(3):39-47.
[2]苏连芳,宋玉琴,申阿东,等.美国国立卫生研究院概况[J].生命科学,2004,16(2):117-126.
[3]李响.巴斯德象限视角下的国际科技合作模式分类[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2015,30(8):46-52.
[4]杨宏呈.基于突破性创新视角的战略性新兴产业发展研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[5]郑淼,孙继林.美国国立卫生研究院同行评议系统面临的挑战及其改革措施[J].科技进步与对策,2009,26(2):20-22.
[6]吕群燕,张农.NIH支持青年科研人员成长的资助体系及其启示[J].中国基础科学,2008,10(2):45-50.
[7]段异兵,潘紫燕,陈代还.美国国立卫生研究院应对预算消减的资助与管理战略选择[J].中国科学基金,2014(4):257-262.
[2]苏连芳,宋玉琴,申阿东,等.美国国立卫生研究院概况[J].生命科学,2004,16(2):117-126.
[3]李响.巴斯德象限视角下的国际科技合作模式分类[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2015,30(8):46-52.
[4]杨宏呈.基于突破性创新视角的战略性新兴产业发展研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[5]郑淼,孙继林.美国国立卫生研究院同行评议系统面临的挑战及其改革措施[J].科技进步与对策,2009,26(2):20-22.
[6]吕群燕,张农.NIH支持青年科研人员成长的资助体系及其启示[J].中国基础科学,2008,10(2):45-50.
[7]段异兵,潘紫燕,陈代还.美国国立卫生研究院应对预算消减的资助与管理战略选择[J].中国科学基金,2014(4):257-262.