TA1钛薄板激光冲击成形实验及数值模拟
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摘要
采用最大输出激光脉冲能量为12.5 J的Thales Laser激光器,对TA1纯钛薄板进行激光冲击成形,并运用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜、透射电镜和有限元模拟等方法对冲击表层的残余应力和微观结构进行分析。结果表明:功率密度为6.11 GW/cm~2时,单次冲击成形效果更好;多次冲击工艺更适合于较小的功率密度3.06 GW/cm~2。冲击断口由大量的韧窝、少量的撕裂棱和层裂组成,断口呈韧性断裂,破裂表现为减薄机制和层裂机制。冲击层存在大量的孪晶、位错墙、周期性波纹等结构。激光冲击使钛薄板表面引入高幅值的残余压应力,呈"W"形分布,多次冲击中心区易形成残余拉应力。
The TA1 pure titanium sheet was laser shocked by the Thales Laser with the maximum output laser pulse energy for the 12.5 J, and the residual stress and microstructure on the shocked layer were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM), transmission electron microscope(TEM) and finite element simulation. The results show that the laser with power density of 6.11 GW/cm~2 is used to single impact titanium sheet with better formation; multiple impact process is more suitable for small power density of 3.06 GW/cm~2. The fracture is composed of a large number of dimples, a small amount of tearing ridges and spallation, which is ductile fracture. The fracture mechanism is the thinning and spallation. A large amount of deformed twins, dislocation tangles and periodic corrugated structure are gained. High amplitude residual compressive stress is gained on the surface of titanium sheet, which is in distribution shape of "W",the residual tensile stress generates in the central zone after multiple impacts gradually.
The TA1 pure titanium sheet was laser shocked by the Thales Laser with the maximum output laser pulse energy for the 12.5 J, and the residual stress and microstructure on the shocked layer were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM), transmission electron microscope(TEM) and finite element simulation. The results show that the laser with power density of 6.11 GW/cm~2 is used to single impact titanium sheet with better formation; multiple impact process is more suitable for small power density of 3.06 GW/cm~2. The fracture is composed of a large number of dimples, a small amount of tearing ridges and spallation, which is ductile fracture. The fracture mechanism is the thinning and spallation. A large amount of deformed twins, dislocation tangles and periodic corrugated structure are gained. High amplitude residual compressive stress is gained on the surface of titanium sheet, which is in distribution shape of "W",the residual tensile stress generates in the central zone after multiple impacts gradually.
引文
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[2]NAGARAJAN B,WANG Z,CASTAGNE S,ZHENG H.Investigation of laser-induced plasma evolution in flexible pad laser shock forming with high speed camera[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,308:221-229.
[3]NAGARAJAN B,CASTAGNE S,WANG Z K.Investigation of copper foil thinning behavior by flexible-pad laser shock forming[J].Key Engineering Materials,2013,535/536:306-309.
[4]张青来,陈骏,冯甜甜,姜银方,韩伟东.激光冲击冷轧钼带的微观结构和性能[J].材料研究学报,2012,26(5):545-550.ZHANG Qing-lai,CHEN Jun,FENG Tian-tian,JAING Yin-fang,HAN Wei-dong.Property and microstructures of cold rolled molybdenum strip by laser shock processing[J].Chinese Journal of Materials Research,2012,26(5):545-550.
[5]张青来,王荣,洪妍鑫,吴铁丹,钱阳,张永康.金属板料激光冲击成形及其破裂行为研究[J].中国激光,2014,41(4):0403010.ZHANG Qing-lai,WANG Rong,HONG Yan-xin,WU Tie-dan,QIAN Yang,ZHANG Yong-kang.Study on laser shock forming and fracture behavior of metal sheet[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2014,41(4):0403010.
[6]杨建阳,左敦稳,黎向锋,张永康,王珉.激光冲击成形TA2钛合金板的变形与残余应力[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2005,37(B11):31-35.YANG Jian-yang,ZUO Dun-wen,LI Xiang-feng,ZHANGYong-KANG,WANG Min.Deformation and residual stresses of titanium alloy TA2 sheet after laser shock forming[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2005,37(B11):31-35.
[7]WANG F,YAO Z Q,HU J,DENG Q L.Experimental research and numerical simulation of laser shock forming of TA2 titanium sheet[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2006,19(5):347-354.
[8]WANG X,ZHANG D,GU C X,SHEN Z B,MA Y J,GU Y X,QIU T B,LIU H X.Micro scale laser shock forming of pure copper and titanium sheet with forming/blanking compound die[J].Optics&Lasers in Engineering,2015,67:83-93.
[9]LIU H X,HU Y,WANG X,SHEN Z B,LI P.Grain refinement progress of pure titanium during laser shock forming(LSF)and mechanical property characterizations with nanoindentation[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,564:13-21.
[10]罗新民,赵广志,杨坤,陈康敏,张晓柠.工业纯钛板激光冲击形变的特征微结构[J].中国激光,2012,39(6):0603001.LUO Xin-min,ZHAO Guang-zhi,YANG Kun,CHENKang-min,ZHANG Xiao-ning.Deformation microstructure characteristics of commercial pure titanium sheet induced by laser shock forming[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2012,39(6):0603001.
[11]张永康,高立,杨超君.激光冲击TA2板料变形的理论分析和实验研究[J].中国激光,2006,33(9):1282-1287.ZHANG Yong-kang,GAO Li,YANG Chao-jun.Theoretical analysis and experiment on deformation of TA2 sheet under laser shock[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2006,33(9):1282-1287.
[12]王霄,邱唐标,顾宇轩,张迪,马友娟.激光间接冲击下钛箔的微成形特性[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(3):632-638.WANG Xiao,QIU Tang-biao,GU Yu-xuan,ZHANG Di,MAYou-juan.Micro-forming,properties of Ti foil under laser indirect shock[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2015,23(3):632-638.
[13]ARIF A F M.Numerical prediction of plastic deformation and residual stresses induced by laser shock processing[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003,136(1/3):120-138.
[14]LI J,GAO H,CHENG G J.Forming limit and fracture mode of microscale laser dynamic forming[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science&Engineering,2010,132(6):061005.
[15]张迪,刘立华,郭华,陈志澜.激光间接冲击直接制造微零件的实验及模拟[J].激光与光电子学进展,2016,53:081404.ZHANG Di,LIU Li-hua,GUO Hua,CHEN Zhi-lan.Experiment and simulation of manufacturing microparts by laser indirect shocking[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2016,53:081404.
[16]CONRAD H.Effect of interstitial solutes on the strength and ductility of titanium[J].Progress in Materials Science,1981,26(2/4):123-403.
[17]YOUNG J F,PRESTON J S,VAN DRIEL H M,SIPE J E.Laser-induced periodic surface structure.II.Experiments on Ge,Si,Al,and brass[J].Physical Review B,1983,27(2):1155-1172.
[18]张永康,裴旭,陈菊芳,顾永玉,任爱国.脉冲激光冲击镁合金表面产生周期性波纹结构的现象及分析[J].光学学报,2010,30(9):2613-2619.ZHANG Yong-kang,FEI Xu,CHEN Ju-fang,GU Yong-yu,RENAi-guo.Phenomenon and analysis of periodic ripple structure on magnesium alloy surface induced by laser shock processing[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2010,30(9):2613-2619.