硝酸脱除褐煤粉煤灰中的砷
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摘要
基于砷在褐煤粉煤灰中的赋存状态,建立了酸法脱除粉煤灰中部分砷的新方法,考察了反应温度、时间、pH值等对脱砷率的影响.结果表明,褐煤灰中的砷大多富集在煤灰表面并以砷酸钙等砷酸盐形式存在,脱砷率与pH值和反应温度成反比.综合考虑脱砷率、溶损率等因素,确定酸法最优脱砷条件为pH=1、反应温度20℃、反应时间1 h,此时脱砷率为66.34%.
Based on the occurrence of arsenic in lignite fly ash, a new acid removal method for some arsenic in fly ash was established. The effects of reaction temperature, time and pH on the arsenic removal rate were investigated. The results showed that most of arsenic in lignite fly ash was enriched on the surface of lignite fly ash and existed in the form of arsenate such as calcium arsenate. The arsenic removal rate was inversely proportional to the pH value and the reaction temperature. Considering the factors such as the arsenic removal rate and the dissolution rate, the optimum conditions for acid removal of arsenic were pH=1, reaction temperature 20 ℃, reaction time 1 h, the arsenic removal rate was 66.34%.
Based on the occurrence of arsenic in lignite fly ash, a new acid removal method for some arsenic in fly ash was established. The effects of reaction temperature, time and pH on the arsenic removal rate were investigated. The results showed that most of arsenic in lignite fly ash was enriched on the surface of lignite fly ash and existed in the form of arsenate such as calcium arsenate. The arsenic removal rate was inversely proportional to the pH value and the reaction temperature. Considering the factors such as the arsenic removal rate and the dissolution rate, the optimum conditions for acid removal of arsenic were pH=1, reaction temperature 20 ℃, reaction time 1 h, the arsenic removal rate was 66.34%.
引文
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[2]王明仕,郑宝山,胡军,等.我国煤中砷含量及分布[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(3):344–348.Wang M S,Zheng B S,Hu J,et al.Distribution of arsenic in southwest coals[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(3):344–348.
[3]刘慧敏,王春波,郭永成,等.高砷褐煤与低砷烟煤混燃砷的挥发特性及模型[J].化工学报,2016,67(10):4477–4484.Liu H M,Wang C B,Guo Y C,et al.Experimental and modeling study on arsenic volatilization during co-combustion of high arsenic lignite and low arsenic bituminous coal[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(10):4477–4484.
[4]蒋学先,何贵香,李旭光,等.高砷烟尘脱砷试验研究[J].湿法冶金,2010,29(3):199–202.Jiang X X,He G X,Li X G,et al.Experimental study on arsenic removal from high arsenic[J].Hydrometallurgy of China,2010,29(3):199–202.
[5]易宇,石靖,田庆华,等.高砷烟尘氢氧化钠–硫化钠碱性浸出脱砷[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(3):806–814.Yi Y,Shi J,Tian Q H,et al.Arsenic removal from high-arsenic dust by Na OH–Na2S alkaline leaching[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(3):806–814.
[6]Kashiwakura S,Ohno H,Matsubae-Yokoyama K,et al.Removal of arsenic in coal fly ash by acid washing process using dilute H2SO4solvent[J].J.Hazard.Mater.,2010,181(1):419–425.
[7]刘迎晖,郑楚光,游小清,等.燃煤过程中易挥发有毒痕量元素的相互作用[J].燃烧科学与技术,2001,7(4):243–247.Liu Y H,Zheng C G,You X Q,et al.Interaction between most volatile toxic trace element during coal combustion[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2001,7(4):243–247.
[8]Yan R,Gauthier D,Flamant G.Partitioning of trace elements in the flue gas from coal combustion[J].Combust.Flame,2001,125(1):942–954.
[9]Nurmesniemi H,P?yki?R,Kuokkanen T,et al.Chemical sequential extraction of heavy metals and sulphur in bottom ash and in fly ash from a pulp and paper mill complex[J].Waste Manage.Res.,2008,26(4):389–399.
[10]苏华美.煤及燃煤产物中砷的赋存形态和析出特征研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2014:28–30.Su H M.Research of geometrical shape and precipitation characteristics of arsenic coal and its burning product[D].Fuxin:Liaoning Technical University,2014:28–30.
[11]Zielinski R A,Foster A L,Meeker G P,et al.Mode of occurrence of arsenic in feed coal and its derivative fly ash,black warrior basin,Alabama[J].Fuel,2007,86(4):560–572.
[12]Shah P,Strezov V,Stevanov C,et al.Speciation of arsenic and selenium in coal combustion products[J].Energy Fuels,2007,21(2):506–512.
[13]Huffman G P,Huggins F E,Shah N,et al.Speciation of arsenic and chromium in coal and combustion ash by XAFS spectroscopy[J].Fuel Process.Technol.,1994,39(1/3):47–62.
[14]Ilander A,V?is?nen A.The determination of trace element concentrations in fly ash samples using ultrasound-assisted digestion followed with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry[J].Ultrason.Sonochem.,2009,16(6):763–768.
[15]国家环境保护局.农用粉煤灰中污染物控制标准:GB 8173-1987[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1988:1–2.National Environmental Protection Agency.Control standards of pollutants in fly ash for agricultural use:GB 8173-1987[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1988:1–2.
[16]吕志敏,李仙粉,任福民,等.综合利用电厂粉煤灰的重金属问题[J].环境与可持续发展,2006,(4):57–59.Lv Z M,Li X F,Ren F M,et al.Study of heavy metals for the comprehensive utilization of fly ash[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2006,(4):57–59.
[17]朱法华,张景荣,荣鸿敏,等.粉煤灰中污染物质的淋溶释放模型[J].环境科学学报,1996,16(2):203–210.Zhu F H,Zhang J R,Rong H M,et al.Leaching model of pollutants in fly ash[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1996,16(2):203–210.