市场化改革背景下推进大用户用气直供的思考——以陕西省为例
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摘要
大用户用气直供已成为国家层面打破现有制度壁垒、推进天然气市场化的重要举措,但在实际执行中还面临诸多障碍。为此,对大用户用气直供、国家和地方支持政策做了概述,并以资源配置和管网建设均较为发达的气源大省陕西作为范例,探究大用户用气直供存在的主要问题并就如何推进大用户用气直供给出建议。研究总结具体推进办法包括:①统一规划并独家建设和经营输气管网;②加强顶层设计,从规范性法律文件层面,放开工业供气、加气站加气等非公用性质管道燃气经营的市场准入,解决终端交叉补贴和特许经营权补偿问题,出台具有实操性的经营许可实施细则,并进一步落实油气管网设施公平开放;③地方应区分天然气商品属性,因地制宜的实施分层级直供,并做好配套服务支持;④上游资源企业应根据行业特性,制定促销政策,鼓励大用户用气;⑤中游管输企业应贯彻落实管网设施向大用户公平开放,降低输送费用;⑥特许经营燃气企业应转变发展理念,允许区域内已接气/拟接气大用户自行联系上游气源,做好代输服务,减少或免除管道接驳费,降低输配费用,吸引大用户用气;⑦大用户应选择适合的供气商、供气模式和供气路径,并在项目选址时,尽量靠近主干管道。
At present, the direct gas supply for large users is the important measure that the nation takes to break existing system barriers and promote the natural gas marketization, but its actual implementation is faced with various obstacles. In this paper, the direct gas supply for large users and the national and local support policies were overviewed. Then, the main problems of the direct gas supply for large users were discussed and the suggestions to promote the direct gas supply for large users were proposed with Shaanxi Province, the large province of natural gas resource with developed resource allocation and pipeline network construction as the example. And the specific promoting method consists of the following 7 parts. First, carry out unified planning and construct and operate gas pipeline networks exclusively. Second, enhance the toplevel design, liberalize the market access to non-public pipeline gas operations(e.g. the industrial gas supply and the gas of gas filling station), solve the problems of terminal cross subsidy and franchise right compensation, promulgate the practical rule for the implementation of business licensing, and ascertain the fair access to oil and gas pipeline network facilities further. Third, local enterprises shall distinguish the commodity property of natural gas, carry out the different-level direct supply according to local conditions, and provide matched service and support. Fourth, the upstream enterprises shall work out the sales promotion policies according to the industrial characteristics and encourage large users to consume gas.Fifth, the middle-stream pipeline transportation enterprises shall provide large users with the fair access to pipeline network facilities and decrease the transportation cost. Sixth, franchising gas enterprises shall transform the development concept to allow the local large users that have used or plan to use their gas to contact the upstream gas sources by themselves, provide the service of designated transportation, reduce or remit the pipeline connection charges and decrease transportation cost so as to attract the large users. Seventh,large users shall choose the suitable gas suppliers, gas supply modes and gas supply routes and set the project sites close to the trunk pipeline as much as possible.
At present, the direct gas supply for large users is the important measure that the nation takes to break existing system barriers and promote the natural gas marketization, but its actual implementation is faced with various obstacles. In this paper, the direct gas supply for large users and the national and local support policies were overviewed. Then, the main problems of the direct gas supply for large users were discussed and the suggestions to promote the direct gas supply for large users were proposed with Shaanxi Province, the large province of natural gas resource with developed resource allocation and pipeline network construction as the example. And the specific promoting method consists of the following 7 parts. First, carry out unified planning and construct and operate gas pipeline networks exclusively. Second, enhance the toplevel design, liberalize the market access to non-public pipeline gas operations(e.g. the industrial gas supply and the gas of gas filling station), solve the problems of terminal cross subsidy and franchise right compensation, promulgate the practical rule for the implementation of business licensing, and ascertain the fair access to oil and gas pipeline network facilities further. Third, local enterprises shall distinguish the commodity property of natural gas, carry out the different-level direct supply according to local conditions, and provide matched service and support. Fourth, the upstream enterprises shall work out the sales promotion policies according to the industrial characteristics and encourage large users to consume gas.Fifth, the middle-stream pipeline transportation enterprises shall provide large users with the fair access to pipeline network facilities and decrease the transportation cost. Sixth, franchising gas enterprises shall transform the development concept to allow the local large users that have used or plan to use their gas to contact the upstream gas sources by themselves, provide the service of designated transportation, reduce or remit the pipeline connection charges and decrease transportation cost so as to attract the large users. Seventh,large users shall choose the suitable gas suppliers, gas supply modes and gas supply routes and set the project sites close to the trunk pipeline as much as possible.
引文
[1]王立敏.优化管输环节加快推进天然气利用[J].国际石油经济,2017,25(9):48-49.
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[3]林须忠.燃气特许经营背后的四重逻辑[J].中外能源,2017,22(9):1-5.
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[5]林须忠.渠道多元和天然气终端价格改革[J].天然气技术与经济,2018,12(1):52-57.
[2]刘宏波,史宝红,朱剑.推进陕西大用户用气直供的思考[J].石油工业技术监督,2016,32(11):14-15.
[3]林须忠.燃气特许经营背后的四重逻辑[J].中外能源,2017,22(9):1-5.
[4]李波,张科,王丹,等.省域天然气市场开发策略探析——以陕西省为例[J].天然气工业,2016,36(3):114-119.
[5]林须忠.渠道多元和天然气终端价格改革[J].天然气技术与经济,2018,12(1):52-57.