角蛋白酶体外酶解豆粕的营养价值及其在断奶仔猪生产中的应用研究
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摘要
本试验旨在探讨体外酶解豆粕营养价值变化以及在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加角蛋白酶体外酶解豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率等影响。试验选用72头平均日龄为23 d、初始平均体重为(8.29±0.51)kg的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,按照随机化区组设计分为2个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6头猪。基础饲粮为玉米-豆粕型日粮,酶解豆粕饲粮含12.90%豆粕和12.50%豆粕麦麸混合型酶解豆粕,试验期28 d。结果表明:在豆粕中混合小麦麸作为角蛋白酶体外酶解物料,降低了豆粕中β-伴大豆球蛋白和大豆球蛋白水平,改善了豆粕的风味和品质;在0～14 d,饲粮中添加酶解豆粕能够提高断奶仔猪的生长性能(P<0.05),降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率和粪便评分(P<0.05);在15～28 d以及0～28 d,饲粮中添加酶解豆粕能够提高断奶仔猪的采食量(P<0.05)以及降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率和粪便评分(P<0.05)。综合分析,小麦麸混合豆粕作为角蛋白酶体外酶解底物能够改善豆粕的品质,从而在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加酶解豆粕能够提高其生长性能并降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率。
The study was conducted to investigate the change of nutritional composition of soybean meal by enzymatically hydrolyzing, as well as test the effects of enzyme hydrolysis of soybean meal by keratinase on growth performance and diarrhea incidence in weaned piglets. In the present study, 72 weaned pigsage of 23 days and weight of 8.29±0.51 kg initial BW(Duroc × Landrace × Large white) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments, including a basal diet and enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal. The experiment lasted 28 d. The results showed that the mixture of wheat bran in soybean meal, as the enzyme hydrolysate of keratin in vitro, reduced the level of β-soybean globulin and soybean globulin in soybean meal, and improved the flavor and quality of soybean meal. On d 1-14, the growth performance(P<0.05), the diarrhea rate and the stool score(P<0.05) of weaned piglets were improved. Furthermore, on d 15～28 and overall the period, the ADFI(P<0.05), the diarrhea rate and the stool score(P<0.05) of weaned piglets also were improved. However, the significant difference between the ADG and FCR were not observed. In summary, enzyme hydrolysis of wheat bran mixed soybean meal can increase the quality, improve growth performance and reduce the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets.
The study was conducted to investigate the change of nutritional composition of soybean meal by enzymatically hydrolyzing, as well as test the effects of enzyme hydrolysis of soybean meal by keratinase on growth performance and diarrhea incidence in weaned piglets. In the present study, 72 weaned pigsage of 23 days and weight of 8.29±0.51 kg initial BW(Duroc × Landrace × Large white) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments, including a basal diet and enzymatic hydrolysis soybean meal. The experiment lasted 28 d. The results showed that the mixture of wheat bran in soybean meal, as the enzyme hydrolysate of keratin in vitro, reduced the level of β-soybean globulin and soybean globulin in soybean meal, and improved the flavor and quality of soybean meal. On d 1-14, the growth performance(P<0.05), the diarrhea rate and the stool score(P<0.05) of weaned piglets were improved. Furthermore, on d 15～28 and overall the period, the ADFI(P<0.05), the diarrhea rate and the stool score(P<0.05) of weaned piglets also were improved. However, the significant difference between the ADG and FCR were not observed. In summary, enzyme hydrolysis of wheat bran mixed soybean meal can increase the quality, improve growth performance and reduce the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets.
引文
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[6]Wang D, Piao X S, Zeng Z K, et al. Effects of keratinase on performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology,intestinal ecology and inflammatory response of weaned piglets fed diets with different levels of crude protein[J]. Asian-Austral J Anim Sci, 2011, 24:1718-1728.
[7]Odetallah N H, Wang J J, Garlich J D, et al. Keratinase in starter diets improves growth of broiler chicks[J]. Poult Sci,2003, 82:664-670.
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[9]杨久仙,张荣飞,郭江鹏,等.角蛋白酶对断奶仔猪生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响[J].畜牧与兽医, 2013, 45(9):43-45.
[10]李元凤,何健,张波,等.角蛋白酶对仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化指标影响的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016, 52(18):66-71.
[11]NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Swine[M]. 11th ed. Washington, DC:National Academy Press, 2012.
[12]Pierce K, Callan J, McCarthy, P, et al. Performance of weanling pigs offered low or high lactose diets supplemented with avilamycin or inulin[J]. Anim Sci, 2015, 80:313-318.
[13]于海涛,周智旋,陆文清.角蛋白酶水解豆粕的微生物多样性分析[J/OL].微生物学通报, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13344/j.microbiol.china.180273.
[14]Kim D H, Heo P S, Jang J C, et al. Effect of different soybean meal type on ileal digestibility of amino acid in weaning pigs[J]. J Anim Sci Tech, 2015, 57:11.
[15]魏金涛,李绍章,杨雪海,等.液态酶解发酵豆粕对生长育肥猪生产性能及部分营养物质粪排泄量的影响[J].中国兽医学报, 2012, 32(3):478-482.
[16]Endo A, Tanaka N, Oikawa Y, et al. Fructophilic characteristics of Fructobacillus spp. may be due to the absence of an alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene(adhE)[J]. Curr Microbiol,2014, 68:531-535.
[2]Yang Y, Wang Z, Wang R, et al. Secondary structure and subunit composition of soy protein in vitro digested by pepsin and its relation with digestibility[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2016,2016:1-11.
[3]Panda R, Tetteh A O, Pramod S N, et al. Enzymatic hydrolysis does not reduce the biological reactivity of soybean proteins for all allergic subjects[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2015, 63:9629-9639.
[4]Williams C M, Richter C S. Mackenzie J M, et al. Isolation,identification, and characterization of a feather-degrading bacterium[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1990, 56:1509-1515.
[5]于海涛,周智旋,张波,等.酶解豆粕工艺参数的探索和优化[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2018, 54(9):77-83.
[6]Wang D, Piao X S, Zeng Z K, et al. Effects of keratinase on performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology,intestinal ecology and inflammatory response of weaned piglets fed diets with different levels of crude protein[J]. Asian-Austral J Anim Sci, 2011, 24:1718-1728.
[7]Odetallah N H, Wang J J, Garlich J D, et al. Keratinase in starter diets improves growth of broiler chicks[J]. Poult Sci,2003, 82:664-670.
[8]陈乃松,艾庆辉,王道尊,等.欧洲鳗配合饲料中大豆蛋白替代鱼粉的研究[J].水产学报, 1998, 22(3):283-287.
[9]杨久仙,张荣飞,郭江鹏,等.角蛋白酶对断奶仔猪生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响[J].畜牧与兽医, 2013, 45(9):43-45.
[10]李元凤,何健,张波,等.角蛋白酶对仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化指标影响的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016, 52(18):66-71.
[11]NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Swine[M]. 11th ed. Washington, DC:National Academy Press, 2012.
[12]Pierce K, Callan J, McCarthy, P, et al. Performance of weanling pigs offered low or high lactose diets supplemented with avilamycin or inulin[J]. Anim Sci, 2015, 80:313-318.
[13]于海涛,周智旋,陆文清.角蛋白酶水解豆粕的微生物多样性分析[J/OL].微生物学通报, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13344/j.microbiol.china.180273.
[14]Kim D H, Heo P S, Jang J C, et al. Effect of different soybean meal type on ileal digestibility of amino acid in weaning pigs[J]. J Anim Sci Tech, 2015, 57:11.
[15]魏金涛,李绍章,杨雪海,等.液态酶解发酵豆粕对生长育肥猪生产性能及部分营养物质粪排泄量的影响[J].中国兽医学报, 2012, 32(3):478-482.
[16]Endo A, Tanaka N, Oikawa Y, et al. Fructophilic characteristics of Fructobacillus spp. may be due to the absence of an alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene(adhE)[J]. Curr Microbiol,2014, 68:531-535.