土壤中沙咪珠利降解特性和生物学效应
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摘要
为了评价沙咪珠利对环境的初步影响,采用室内培养法研究三种不同土壤中沙咪珠利的降解作用,同时探究沙咪珠利对土壤微生物呼吸强度的影响,及对蚯蚓的急性毒性。结果表明,沙咪珠利易降解,降解速率随培养时间的延长和添加浓度的增加而降低。土壤中沙咪珠利的残留可影响土壤微生物呼吸,对南京地区黄棕壤中的微生物有中等毒性,对上海地区灰潮土中的土壤微生物作用不明显。人工土壤法测得沙咪珠利对蚯蚓LC_(50)(14 d)为9 255.90 mg·kg~(-1),毒性较低。研究表明,沙咪珠利是一种相对安全、易于降解的新型兽药。
This study provides an important scientific basis for the effectiveness of Ethanamizuril, EZL in evaluating environmental safety.The efficiency of EZL in different soils was studied through incubation experiments. The effects of EZL on the respiration of the soil microbial community and its acute toxicity to earthworms were also studied. The results showed that EZL was biodegradable, and its degradation rate decreased with an increase of culture time and EZL concentration. Its moderate toxicity on the respiration rate of soil microorganisms was comparatively studied, and it was noticed that microorganisms from Nanjing yellow-brown soils were affected to some extent, but microbes from Shanghai calcareous alluvial soils were unaffected. The artificial soil test showed that EZL caused low toxicity to the earthworm at 14 d-LC_(50) in 9 255.90 mg·kg~(-1) of dry soil. EZL is a new veterinary drug, which is relatively safe and degrades easily.
This study provides an important scientific basis for the effectiveness of Ethanamizuril, EZL in evaluating environmental safety.The efficiency of EZL in different soils was studied through incubation experiments. The effects of EZL on the respiration of the soil microbial community and its acute toxicity to earthworms were also studied. The results showed that EZL was biodegradable, and its degradation rate decreased with an increase of culture time and EZL concentration. Its moderate toxicity on the respiration rate of soil microorganisms was comparatively studied, and it was noticed that microorganisms from Nanjing yellow-brown soils were affected to some extent, but microbes from Shanghai calcareous alluvial soils were unaffected. The artificial soil test showed that EZL caused low toxicity to the earthworm at 14 d-LC_(50) in 9 255.90 mg·kg~(-1) of dry soil. EZL is a new veterinary drug, which is relatively safe and degrades easily.
引文
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[2]林析.沙咪珠利在肉鸡体内的药代动力学研究[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会兽医药理毒理学分会第十一届会员代表大会暨第十三次学术讨论会与中国毒理学会兽医毒理专业委员会第五次学术研讨会论文集.长沙:中国畜牧兽医学会兽医药理毒理学分会,2015.LIN Xi.Study of pharmacokinetic of Ethanamizuril in broiler chichens[C]//The eleventh congress of veterinary pharmacology and toxicology branch of Chinese Society of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine.The thirteenth academic symposium and the fifth symposium on toxicology and toxicology of specialized committee of Chinese Toxicology Society.Changsha:Toxicology Branch of Chinese Society of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2015.
[3]王娜,单正军,葛峰,等.兽药的环境污染现状及管理建议[J].环境监测管理与技术,2010,22(5):14-18.WANG Na,SHAN Zheng-jun,GE Feng,et al.Environmental pollution situation and management suggestion of veterinary drugs[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2010,22(5):14-18.
[4]Raloff J.Pharm pollution:Excreted antibiotics can poison plants[J].Science News,2002,161(26):406-407.
[5]王娜,王昝畅,郭欣妍,等.兽药抗生素环境风险控制管理政策探析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(7):586-591.WANG Na,WANG Zan-chang,GUO Xin-yan,et al.Management policies for control of environmental risks of veterinary antibiotics[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(7):586-591.
[6]郭欣妍,王娜,许静,等.五种磺胺类抗生素在土壤中的吸附和淋溶特性[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(11):3083-3091.GUO Xin-yan,WANG Na,XU Jing,et al.Adsorption and leaching behavior of sulfonamides in soils[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(11):3083-3091.
[7]赵英姿,徐振,颜冬云,等.大环内酯类抗生素在土壤中的迁移转化与毒性效应分析[J].土壤,2014,46(1):23-28.ZHAO Ying-zi,XU Zhen,YAN Dong-yun,et al.Analysis of migration,transformation and toxic effects of macrolides antibiotics in soils[J].Soils,2014,46(1):23-28.
[8]孙春晓,宋文华,高敏苓,等.土霉素在土壤中降解特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6):1141-1146.SUN Chun-xiao,SONG Wen-hua,GAO Min-ling,et al.Degradation properties of oxytetracycline in soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(6):1141-1146.
[9]邱江平.蚯蚓与环境保护[J].贵州科学,2000,18(1):116-133.QIU Jiang-ping.Earthworms and environmental protection[J].Guizhou Science,2000,18(1):116-133.
[10]林长清,梁锦基,陈胤瑜,等.广州蚯蚓锌、铜、铁、钙营养评分的研究[J].广东医药学院学报,1994,10(1):17-19.LIN Chang-qing,LIANG Jin-ji,CHEN Yin-yu,et al.Investigation of nutritional score of Zn,Cu,Fe,Ca in earthworm[J].Journal of Guangdong Pharmaceulical,1994,10(1):17-19.
[11]李晓亮,秦智伟,侯利园,等.土壤环境因素对残留农药降解的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(4):132-135.LI Xiao-liang,QIN Zhi-wei,HOU Li-yuan,et al.Influence of environmental factors on degradation of residual pesticide in soil[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2009,40(4):132-135.
[12]吴明,蔡建国,姚锦余,等.氯噻啉对土壤微生物呼吸的影响[J].农药,2010,49(3):179-180.WU Ming,CAI Jian-guo,YAO Jin-yu,et al.Effects of pesticide imidaclothiz on soil microbes respiration[J].Agrochemicals,2010,49(3):179-180.
[13]Wilson J D.Biodegradation of organic chemicals[J].Environ Sci Technol,1985,19(2):106-111.
[14]江泉观.基础毒理学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1991.JIANG Quan-guan.Basic toxicology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,1991.
[15]吴银宝,廖新俤,彭小珍,等.蛋鸡粪便排放量估算与污染风险评价系统及其建立方法:中国,201310452445.9[P].2014-02-05.WU Yin-bao,LIAO Xin-di,PENG Xiao-zhen,et al.Emission estimation and pollution risk assessment system for laying hens and its establishment method:China,201310452445.9[P].2014-02-05.
[16]李素平,肖怡,刘雄伦,等.西玛津在甘蔗及土壤中的残留消解动态[J].精细化工中间体,2011,41(4):66-69.LI Su-ping,XIAO Yi,LIU Xiong-lun,et al.Dissipation of simazine residue in sugarcane and soil[J].Fine Chemical Intermediates,2011,41(4):66-69.
[17]王军,朱鲁生,谢慧,等.POPs污染物莠去津在长期定位施肥土壤中的残留动态[J].环境科学,2007,28(12):2821-2826.WANG Jun,ZHU Lu-sheng,XIE Hui,et al.Degradation dynamics of POPs atrazine in soils under long-term located fertilization conditions[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(12):2821-2826.
[18]贺敏,贾春虹,余平中,等.55%硝磺莠去津悬浮剂在玉米和土壤中的残留动态[J].农药,2014,53(8):590-593.HE Min,JIA Chun-hong,YU Ping-zhong,et al.Residue dynamics of mesotrione·atrazine 55%SC in corn and soil[J].Agrochemicals,2014,53(8):590-593.
[19]Hossain A K M,Alexander M.Enhanzing soybean rhizosphere colonization by Rhizobium japonicum[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1984,48:468-472.
[20]王立群,孙文,章广德,等.典型抗生素废水净化菌株的分离筛选及其效果研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,13(4):97-101.WANG Li-qun,SUN Wen,ZHANG Guang-de,et al.Isolation and screening of bacterial strains during treatment of a typical antibiotic wastewater and study of their effect[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2008,13(4):97-101.
[21]李德金,郭锦,李华英,等.环丙沙星对蚯蚓的急性和慢性毒性试验[J].毒理学杂志,2015,29(5):365-368.LI De-jin,GUO Jin,LI Hua-ying,et al.Ciprofloxacin on earthworm acute and chronic toxicity test[J].Journal of Toxicology,2015,29(5):365-368.
[22]董璐玺,谢秀杰,周启星.两种兽药添加剂对蚯蚓的DNA损伤及其联合效应[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(12):2798-2803.DONG Lu-xi,XIE Xiu-jie,ZHOU Qi-xing,et al.The DNA damage and joint effects of two typical veterinary drugs on the earthworm Eisenia foetida[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(12):2798-2803.
[23]李银生,曾振灵,陈杖榴,等.2种含砷兽药对蚯蚓的急性毒性试验[J].中国兽医学报,2005,25(4):425-426,445.LI Yin-sheng,ZENG Zhen-ling,CHEN Zhang-liu,et al.Acute toxicity test of two veterinary pharmaceuticals containing arsenic to earthworms[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2005,25(4):425-426,445.