2种自制助剂与3种除草剂对夏玉米田杂草防效与安全性研究
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摘要
为了提升夏玉米田除草剂防效,减少除草剂的使用量,筛选出对夏玉米田杂草防效好、安全性高的除草剂和除草剂助剂组合。本研究在实验室前期研究结果基础上,选用2种自制除草剂助剂分别与4%烟嘧磺隆、10%硝磺草酮和30%苯唑草酮3种除草剂制剂桶混进行大田茎叶喷雾处理,从而达到除草剂减量增效的作用。结果表明,4%烟嘧磺隆45g(a.i.)/hm~2+0.5%的椰子油助剂除草活性最高,28d总株数防效为88.18%,鲜重防效为97.13%,无明显药害症状,且产量为各处理中最高;30%苯唑草酮27g(a.i.)/hm~2+0.5%的椰子油助剂施药处理28d总株数防效为89.28%,鲜重防效为92.28%;10%硝磺草酮150g(a.i.)/hm~2+0.5%的松香助剂施药处理28d总株数防效为84.72%,28d鲜重防效为78.83%。综合比较,烟嘧磺隆、苯唑草酮减量1/4下添加椰子油助剂的施药处理优于其他施药处理。
In order to improve the efficacy of herbicides in summer corn fields and reduce the amount of herbicides used,some combinations of herbicides and adjuvants with good activity and high safety against weeds were selected.Based on the results of previous laboratory studies,two were used as herbicide adjuvants mixed with 4% nicosulfuron,10% mesotrione,and30% oxacenone were used as herbicide formulations,by using the method of foliar treatment,so as to achieve herbicide reduction.The results showed that 4% nicosulfuron 45 g(a.i.)/hm~2+0.5% coconut oil adjuvant had the highest herbicidal activity,the total plant number effect of 28 dwas 88.18%,the fresh weight effect was 97.13%,and there was no obvious phytotoxic symptoms,and the yield was the highest.Total number effect of 28 dof 30%at a dose of topramezone 27 g(a.i.)/hm~2+0.5%coconut oil adjuvant was 89.28%,fresh weight control effect was 92.28%.The control effect of 10% mesotrione at a dose of 150 g(a.i.)/hm~2+0.5%rosin adjuvant was 28.72%for 28 d,and 78.83%for 28 d.In a comprehensive comparison,nicosulfuron and topramezone were applied at a rate of 1/4 lower than those of other coconut oil additives.
In order to improve the efficacy of herbicides in summer corn fields and reduce the amount of herbicides used,some combinations of herbicides and adjuvants with good activity and high safety against weeds were selected.Based on the results of previous laboratory studies,two were used as herbicide adjuvants mixed with 4% nicosulfuron,10% mesotrione,and30% oxacenone were used as herbicide formulations,by using the method of foliar treatment,so as to achieve herbicide reduction.The results showed that 4% nicosulfuron 45 g(a.i.)/hm~2+0.5% coconut oil adjuvant had the highest herbicidal activity,the total plant number effect of 28 dwas 88.18%,the fresh weight effect was 97.13%,and there was no obvious phytotoxic symptoms,and the yield was the highest.Total number effect of 28 dof 30%at a dose of topramezone 27 g(a.i.)/hm~2+0.5%coconut oil adjuvant was 89.28%,fresh weight control effect was 92.28%.The control effect of 10% mesotrione at a dose of 150 g(a.i.)/hm~2+0.5%rosin adjuvant was 28.72%for 28 d,and 78.83%for 28 d.In a comprehensive comparison,nicosulfuron and topramezone were applied at a rate of 1/4 lower than those of other coconut oil additives.
引文
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[2]何一通,王玲莉,郭丽果,等.氮磷养分供应及调控对夏玉米干物质及养分累积分配的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2018,41(3):14-21.
[3]李少昆,赵久然,董树亭,等.中国玉米栽培研究进展与展望[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):1941-1959.
[4]梁新棉,刘树勋,刘晓燕.2016年河北省玉米生产品种布局建议[J].河北农业,2016(2):20-21.
[5]姜修胜.京津冀玉米生产技术效率比较分析[D].北京:北京农学院,2017.
[6]边缘.河北省夏玉米田杂草危害及综合防治技术[J].现代农村科技,2016(5):18.
[7]Tursun N,Datta A,Sakinmaz MS,et al.The critical Period for weed control in three corn(Zea mays L.)types[J].Crop Protection,2016,90:59-65.
[8]Zhang Y,Sha Z,Guan F,et al.Impacts of geese on weed communities in corn production systems and associated economic benefits[J].Biological Control,2016,99:47-52.
[9]陈利,黄毅.玉米田施用除草剂药害及影响农业生态环境原因分析与预防控制[J].农业环境与发展,2012,29(1):23-25.
[10]孟桂元,周静,金晨钟.植物源除草剂助剂研究进展[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(11):2619-2621+2626.
[11]岳维峰.如何选择玉米田苗后除草剂[J].现代农村科技,2015(10):28-29.
[12]郑丽,吕远,倪汉文.玉米田4种茎叶除草剂防除效果比较[J].农药,2011,50(8):597-598+613.
[13]朱卫平,沈渊,沈新芬,等.30%苯吡唑草酮悬浮剂防除玉米田杂草药效试验[J].上海农业科技,2016(5):126+128.
[14]张为农.33.6%苯吡唑草酮玉米除草剂初现锋芒[J].杂草科学,2011(1):7520-7521.
[15]7种除草剂对夏玉米田杂草的防效及安全性研究[C]∥第十三届全国杂草科学大会论文摘要集,北京:中国植物保护学会杂草学分会,2017.
[16]王建平,刘小民,许贤,等.7种除草剂对夏玉米田杂草的防效及安全性研究[J].河北农业科学:2018,22(1):50-53