超声波表征天然橡胶/环氧化天然橡胶并用体系的硫化过程
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摘要
在料腔安装超声波探头的无转子硫化仪上同步监测天然橡胶(NR)/环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)硫化过程得到了声速曲线和扭矩曲线,对比其相似性提出了超声波表征硫化历程的方法,指出其对微观结构和密实度变化更加灵敏。在压力-体积-温度(PVT)-超声波检测装置上同步测试了该并用胶的比容和声速,这两种同步测试数据可用直线方程、考虑压力效应的声阻抗方程和从Tait方程推导直接反映温度效应的方程对硫化过程进行较好描述,说明超声波还可直接监测硫化胶的比容变化。
Ultrasonic wave transducer equipped on rotorless rheometer was,simultaneously with torque,used to characterize the vulcanization of epoxidized natural rubber( ENR)/natural rubber( NR). The resultant curve of ultrasonic velocity versus time and curve of torque versus time were compared to show the feasibility of ultrasonic characterizing such process considering their similarity besides implying its sensitiveness to the variation in microstructure and density. The specific volume and ultrasonic velocity were simultaneously tested on pressure-volume-temperature( PVT)-ultrasonic instrument. The obtained data was well described by linear equation,the sound resistance equation reflecting pressure effect and the equation reflecting temperature effect derived from Tait equation,which suggest that ultrasonic wave can monitor the specific volume.
Ultrasonic wave transducer equipped on rotorless rheometer was,simultaneously with torque,used to characterize the vulcanization of epoxidized natural rubber( ENR)/natural rubber( NR). The resultant curve of ultrasonic velocity versus time and curve of torque versus time were compared to show the feasibility of ultrasonic characterizing such process considering their similarity besides implying its sensitiveness to the variation in microstructure and density. The specific volume and ultrasonic velocity were simultaneously tested on pressure-volume-temperature( PVT)-ultrasonic instrument. The obtained data was well described by linear equation,the sound resistance equation reflecting pressure effect and the equation reflecting temperature effect derived from Tait equation,which suggest that ultrasonic wave can monitor the specific volume.
引文
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[3]Jaunich M,Stark W.Monitoring the vulcanization of rubber with ultrasound:influence of material thickness and temperature[J].Polym.Test.,2009,28:901-906.
[4]Lawandy S N,Halim S F,Afifi H A.Ultrasonic and mechanical measurements for the detection of crosslink density of SBR and NBR based on various curing systems[J].J Appl.Polym.Sci.,2009,112:366-371.
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[6]Cheng C C,Lu C H.Temperature evaluated by ultrasonic technique during mixing process[J].Asia-Pacific J.Chem.Eng.,2012,7:755-760.
[7]Oral I.Ultrasonic characterization of conductive epoxy resin/polyaniline composites[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2015,132:1018-1024.
[8]Fischer D,Müller J,Kummer S,et al.Real time monitoring of morphologic and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites during extrusion by near infrared and ultrasonic spectroscopy[J].Macromol.Symp.,2011,305:10-17.
[9]Youssef M H.Influence of sulfur content and curing time on the glass transition parameters in SBR vulcanizates:an ultrasonic study[J].Polym.Test.,2003,22:235-242.
[10]王兴旺.聚合物复杂材料结晶过程的在线表征研究[D].北京化工大学,2016.Wang X W.Research on online characterizing crystallization of complex polymer systems[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical and Technology,2016.
[11]Lin C,Wang S,Sun H,et al.Real-time ultrasonic characterization of the chain orientation of high density polyethylene melts during processing[J].Polym.Eng.Sci.,2010,50:1140-1150.
[12]Lin C,Sun H,Wang S,et al.In-process ultrasonic measurements of orientation and disorientation relaxation of high-density polyethylene/polyamide-6 composites with compatibilizer[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2010,116:320-327.
[13]Zhao P,Peng Y Y,Yang W M,et al.Crystallization measurements via ultrasonic velocity:study of poly(lactic acid)parts[J].J.Polym.Sci.Part B:Polym.Phys.,2015,53:700-708.
[14]Colin H,Michael T,Takeaki N,et al.Monitoring of bearing failure in composite bolted connections using ultrasonic guided waves:a parametric study[J].Struct.Health Monit.,2014,13:94-105.
[15]程丽华,王克俭,刘力,等.超声法表征天然橡胶的PVT特性[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2014,30(12):100-102.Cheng L H,Wang K J,Liu L,et al.Ultrasonic characterizing PVT of natural rubber[J].Polymer Materials Science&Engineering,2014,30(12):100-102.
[16]Dan V N,Khalid P,Broseta D.Calculation of isentropic compressibility and sound velocity in two-phase fluids[J].Fluid Phase Equilib.,2010,291:95-102.