不同菊科植物耐铅性和富集特征比较研究
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摘要
采用盆栽实验方法,研究了6种菊科植物(三脉紫菀、黑心菊、硫华菊、血皮菜、金盏菊、三叶鬼针草)在不同浓度胁迫下的耐铅性和富集特征。结果表明:随着Pb含量的增加,6种植物地上部干重呈现不断下降的趋势;硫华菊、血皮菜和金盏菊在所有浓度处理下,耐性指数(TI)均大于0.5且根系耐性指数(RTI)均大于0.9,对Pb胁迫具有较好的耐性;黑心菊地上部Pb含量最大为1 783 mg∕kg,且富集和转运系数均大于1;最后综合富集系数、转运系数和修复潜力指数,黑心菊可作为低浓度Pb污染土壤的修复植物。
A pot experiment was conducted to study the Pb-resistance and enrichment characteristics of sixspecies of Compositae plants(Aster ageratoides,Rudbeckia hirta,Cosmos sulphureus,Gynura bicolor,Calendula officinalisandBidens pilosa) in different lead concentrations. The result showed that the dry weight of the sixspecies all decreased with the increase of Pb concentration. The three of them,Cosmos sulphureus,Gynura bicolor andCalendula officinalis,showed good resistance to Pb stress under all concentrations,with tolerance index(TI)greater than 0. 5 and the root tolerance index greater than 0. 9. Among the six,Rudbeckia hirtashowed the bestresistance to Pb stress,with Pb content in shoot amounting to the maximum 1 783 mg∕kg,and the enrichment andtransport coefficients all greater than 1. Based on the integrated observation of the enrichment coefficient,transport factor,the paper believes thatRudbeckia hirtacan be used to remediate Pb contaminated soil at lowconcentrations.
A pot experiment was conducted to study the Pb-resistance and enrichment characteristics of sixspecies of Compositae plants(Aster ageratoides,Rudbeckia hirta,Cosmos sulphureus,Gynura bicolor,Calendula officinalisandBidens pilosa) in different lead concentrations. The result showed that the dry weight of the sixspecies all decreased with the increase of Pb concentration. The three of them,Cosmos sulphureus,Gynura bicolor andCalendula officinalis,showed good resistance to Pb stress under all concentrations,with tolerance index(TI)greater than 0. 5 and the root tolerance index greater than 0. 9. Among the six,Rudbeckia hirtashowed the bestresistance to Pb stress,with Pb content in shoot amounting to the maximum 1 783 mg∕kg,and the enrichment andtransport coefficients all greater than 1. Based on the integrated observation of the enrichment coefficient,transport factor,the paper believes thatRudbeckia hirtacan be used to remediate Pb contaminated soil at lowconcentrations.
引文
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[2]MAHDAVIAN K,GHADERIAN S M,TORKZADEH M M.Accumulation and phytoremediation of Pb,Zn,and Ag by plants growing on Koshk lead-zinc mining area,Iran[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,2017,17:1310-1320.
[3]BHARGAVA A,CARMONA F F,BHARGAVA M,et al.Approaches for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,105:103-120.
[4]GUPTA A K,VERMA S K,KHAN K,et al.Phytoremediation Using Aromatic Plants:A Sustainable Approach for Remediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Sites[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(18):10115-10116.
[5]ZHANG Z G,YAO D X,ZHENG Y H,et al.The phytoremediation potential of six compositae plants to soil pollution of heavy metal in coal mine collapse and reclaimed area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(10):1742-1747.
[6]YAMATO M,YOSHIDA S,IWASE K.Cadmium accumulation inCrassocephalum crepidioides,(Benth.)S.Moore(Compositae)in heavy-metal polluted soils and Cd-added conditions in hydroponic and pot cultures[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,2008,54(5):738-743.
[7]吴彬艳,邵冰洁,赵惠恩,等.11种广义景天属植物对Cd的耐性和积累特性[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(5):1947-1956.
[8]CHEHREGANI A,NOORI M,YAZDI H L.Phytoeremediation of heavy-metal-polluted soils:screening for new accumulator plants inAngouran mine(Iran)and evaluation of removal ability[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2009,72(5):1349-1353.
[9]张丽,彭重华,王莹雪,等.14种植物对土壤重金属的分布、富集及转运特性[J].草业科学,2014,31(5):833-838.
[10]XU W H,KACHENKO A G,SINGH B.Effect of soil properties on arsenic hyperaccumulation inPteris vittataandPityrogramma calomelanos var.austroamericana[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,2009,12(2):174-187.
[11]朱光旭,肖化云,郭庆军,等.铅锌尾矿污染区3种菊科植物体内重金属的亚细胞分布和化学形态特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):3054-3060.
[12]JARVIS M D,LEUNG D W M.Chelated lead transport inPinus radiata:an ultrastructural study[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2002,48(1):21-32.
[13]BROOKS R R,LEE J,REEVES R D.Detection of nickliferous rocks by analysis of indicator plants[J].Journal Geochemical Explorration,1997,7:49-77.
[14]秦丽,祖艳群,李元,等.会泽铅锌矿渣堆周边7种野生植物重金属含量及累积特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(8):1558-1563.
[15]LASAT M M,FUHRMANN M,EBBS S D,et al.Phytoremediation of a radiocesium-contaminated soil:evaluation of cesium-137 bioaccumulation in the shoots of three plant species[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27(1):165-169.
[16]MONNI S,SALEMAA M,WHITE C,et al.Copper resistance ofCalluna vulgaris,originating from the pollution gradient of a Cu-Ni smelter,in southwest Finland[J].Environmental Pollution,2000,109(2):211-219.
[17]王济,王世杰.土壤中重金属环境污染元素的来源及作物效应[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005(2):113-120.
[18]王红旗,李华,陆泗进.羽叶鬼针草对Pb的吸收特性及修复潜力[J].环境科学,2005,26(6):143-147.
[19]RASCIO N,NAVARIIZZO F.Heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants:how and why do they do it?And what makes them so interesting?[J].Plant Science,2011,180(2):169-181.
[20]MEHARGA A.Mechanisms of plant resistance to metal and metalloid ions and potential biotechnological applications[J].Plant and Soil,2005,274(1∕2):163-174.
[21]张富运,陈永华,吴晓芙,等.铅锌超富集植物及耐性植物筛选研究进展[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(12):92-96.