西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南超大型Cu(Au、Ag)矿床硫锡砷铜矿研究及其地质意义
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摘要
铁格隆南矿床位于班公湖-怒江成矿带西段多龙矿集区,是青藏高原发现的首例具有典型高硫型浅成低温热液矿化特征的超大型Cu(Au、Ag)矿床。笔者通过对该矿床进行系统的矿相学研究,结合电子探针显微分析,首次在该矿床发现了硫锡砷铜矿,虽然其总量不多,但其与不同矿物组合特征可反演其形成时的物化条件,对矿床成因类型判别具有一定指示意义。该矿床中的硫锡砷铜矿多为粒径约10μm的不规则细粒,无内反射,均质性,与硫砷铜矿、砷黝铜矿等Cu-As-S体系矿物伴生产出时呈乳黄色-淡黄色,与斑铜矿、黄铁矿、蓝辉铜矿等CuFe-S体系矿物伴生产出时呈乳褐色-浅褐色。根据矿物之间的交代关系发现,硫锡砷铜矿形成于黄铁矿、斑铜矿、砷黝铜矿、硫砷铜矿之后,蓝辉铜矿、铜蓝之前。电子探针分析显示,硫锡砷铜矿的基本成分包括Cu、As、V、S、Sn、Sb,普遍含有少量Fe、Ge、Zn,部分样品中含少量W、Au、Ag,以S原子数为32为基础,计算得出其分子式为Cu_(23.71～26.92)V_(1.43～2.10)(As_(2.55～5.86),Sb_(0～0.63))_(3.15～5.95)(Sn_(0～2.6),Ge_(0～0.7))_(0.01～2.60)(Fe_(0～2.4),Zn_(0～0.24))_(0～2.4)S_(32),其中,存在Sb~(5+)?As~(5+)和Sn~(4+)?Ge~(4+)、(As,Sb)~(5+)+Cu~+?(Sn,Ge)~(4+)+(Fe,Zn,Cu)~(2+)以及V~(5+)?V~(4+)+Cu~+等复杂的元素耦合置换。结合矿石矿物组合及蚀变组合分析指出,酸性或略偏中性的、中低温高硫化态环境是促使硫锡砷铜矿生成的关键控制因素。
Tiegelongnan deposit, located in the Duolong ore district in the western part of Bangong Co-Nujiang metallogenic belt, is the first large-sized Cu(Au, Ag) deposit with typical features of high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization. Through the study of the systematic metallogeny, combined with the electron microprobe analysis, colusite was found in the deposit for the first time. Although its total amount is not much, it can be used to reflect the condition of materialization and, to some extent, to be indicative of the types of genesis. Colusite is an irregular fine particle with a diameter of about 10μm, and has the characteristics of no internal reflection and homogeneity. Associated with Cu-As-S series minerals, such as enargite and tennatite, colusite is milky yellow-pale yellow; when it occurs with Cu-Fe-S series minerals, such as bornite, pyrite and digenite, it is milky brown-light brown. According to the intergenerational relationship between minerals, colusite is formed after Py, Bn, En, Ten and before Dg, Cv. The results of electron microprobe analysis show that the basic components of colusite include Cu, As, V, S, Sn and Sb, with a small amount of Fe, Ge and Zn. Besides, some samples contain a small amount of W, Au and Ag. On the basis of 32 sulfur atoms per formula unit, the general formula of colusite in the Tiegelongnan deposit is Cu_(23.71～26.92)V_(1.43～2.10)(As_(2.55～5.86),Sb_(0～0.63))_(3.15～5.95)(Sn_(0～2.6),Ge_(0～0.7))_(0.01～2.60)(Fe_(0～2.4),Zn_(0～0.24))_(0～2.4)S_(32), in which there are complex mechanism of coupled substitutions such as Sb~(5+)?As~(5+) and Sn~(4+)?Ge~(4+),(As,Sb)~(5+)+Cu~+?(Sn,Ge)~(4+)+(Fe,Zn,Cu)~(2+), as well as V~(5+)?V~(4+)+Cu~+. Combined with ore mineral assemblages and alteration analysis, it is pointed out that the acidic or slightly neutral, neutral, medium and low temperature and high sulfuric acid environment constitute the key controlling factors of colusite formation.
Tiegelongnan deposit, located in the Duolong ore district in the western part of Bangong Co-Nujiang metallogenic belt, is the first large-sized Cu(Au, Ag) deposit with typical features of high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization. Through the study of the systematic metallogeny, combined with the electron microprobe analysis, colusite was found in the deposit for the first time. Although its total amount is not much, it can be used to reflect the condition of materialization and, to some extent, to be indicative of the types of genesis. Colusite is an irregular fine particle with a diameter of about 10μm, and has the characteristics of no internal reflection and homogeneity. Associated with Cu-As-S series minerals, such as enargite and tennatite, colusite is milky yellow-pale yellow; when it occurs with Cu-Fe-S series minerals, such as bornite, pyrite and digenite, it is milky brown-light brown. According to the intergenerational relationship between minerals, colusite is formed after Py, Bn, En, Ten and before Dg, Cv. The results of electron microprobe analysis show that the basic components of colusite include Cu, As, V, S, Sn and Sb, with a small amount of Fe, Ge and Zn. Besides, some samples contain a small amount of W, Au and Ag. On the basis of 32 sulfur atoms per formula unit, the general formula of colusite in the Tiegelongnan deposit is Cu_(23.71～26.92)V_(1.43～2.10)(As_(2.55～5.86),Sb_(0～0.63))_(3.15～5.95)(Sn_(0～2.6),Ge_(0～0.7))_(0.01～2.60)(Fe_(0～2.4),Zn_(0～0.24))_(0～2.4)S_(32), in which there are complex mechanism of coupled substitutions such as Sb~(5+)?As~(5+) and Sn~(4+)?Ge~(4+),(As,Sb)~(5+)+Cu~+?(Sn,Ge)~(4+)+(Fe,Zn,Cu)~(2+), as well as V~(5+)?V~(4+)+Cu~+. Combined with ore mineral assemblages and alteration analysis, it is pointed out that the acidic or slightly neutral, neutral, medium and low temperature and high sulfuric acid environment constitute the key controlling factors of colusite formation.
引文
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