杭州市下城区居民主要膳食中镉暴露评估
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摘要
目的了解下城区居民主要食品中镉含量及居民膳食中镉暴露的风险。方法随机采集下城区11类食品进行镉含量检测,结合2009年下城区居民食物消费量调查数据,计算下城区居民膳食中镉的摄入量和安全限值(MOS)并进行风险评估。结果 875份食品中镉的总检出率为79.43%(695/875),总超标率为6.91%(55/796)。11类食品中菌藻类的紫菜镉含量最高为4.510 0 mg/kg。下城区居民主要膳食中镉每月平均总暴露量为15.785 8μg/kg BW,未超过镉暂定每月允许摄入量(25μg/kg BW),MOS>1,表明经膳食暴露镉的健康风险较低。膳食中镉暴露贡献率最高的3类食品分别为水产品(43.97%)、菌藻类(17.42%)、大米(16.48%)。虽然下城区居民水产品和菌藻类的消费量很低,但因其镉污染严重,所以贡献率较高,为镉暴露高风险食品。结论下城区居民主要膳食中镉暴露水平总体上安全,水产品和菌藻类为镉暴露高风险食品,需加强水产品和菌藻类食品可能污染的问题研究。
Objective To analyze the cadmium level of main food and to assess the safety of dietary exposure of cadmium. Methods A total of 875 samples of 11 categories of food were collected from Xiacheng District. Cadmium contents in food were determined and then the cadmium intake and margins of safety(MOS) were calculated among Xiacheng residents and a risk assessment was conducted. Results Cadmium was detected in 695 of 875 samples(79.43%). 55 out of 796 samples with cadmium content above national standards(6.91%)The highest cadmium content among 11 categories of food was seaweed(4.510 0 mg/kg). The cadmium exposure of Xiacheng residents from main food categories were 15.785 8 μg/kg BW, which was below the provisional tolerable monthly intake(25 μg/kg BW), and the MOS was above 1, so the health risk of dietary exposure was low. The highest contributions were from aquaculture(43.97%), edible mushroom(17.42%), and rice(16.48%). Although consumption of aquaculture and edible mushroom was very low, the contribution was high due to the serious cadmium contamination. Aquaculture and edible mushroom were identified as high risk food for cadmium exposure. Conclusion The level of dietary cadmium exposure from the main food was safe in general. However, more attention should be paid to the high risk food of aquaculture and edible mushroom.
Objective To analyze the cadmium level of main food and to assess the safety of dietary exposure of cadmium. Methods A total of 875 samples of 11 categories of food were collected from Xiacheng District. Cadmium contents in food were determined and then the cadmium intake and margins of safety(MOS) were calculated among Xiacheng residents and a risk assessment was conducted. Results Cadmium was detected in 695 of 875 samples(79.43%). 55 out of 796 samples with cadmium content above national standards(6.91%)The highest cadmium content among 11 categories of food was seaweed(4.510 0 mg/kg). The cadmium exposure of Xiacheng residents from main food categories were 15.785 8 μg/kg BW, which was below the provisional tolerable monthly intake(25 μg/kg BW), and the MOS was above 1, so the health risk of dietary exposure was low. The highest contributions were from aquaculture(43.97%), edible mushroom(17.42%), and rice(16.48%). Although consumption of aquaculture and edible mushroom was very low, the contribution was high due to the serious cadmium contamination. Aquaculture and edible mushroom were identified as high risk food for cadmium exposure. Conclusion The level of dietary cadmium exposure from the main food was safe in general. However, more attention should be paid to the high risk food of aquaculture and edible mushroom.
引文
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[9] 张磊,高俊全,李筱薇.2000年中国总膳食研究—不同性别年龄组人群膳食镉摄入量[J].卫生研究,2008,37(3):338-342.
[10] 黄李春,汤錾,章荣华,等.2009—2010年浙江省三个地区居民膳食铅和镉暴露评估[J].中华预防医学杂志,2012,46(1):42-45.
[11] 肖贵勇,王佳佳,安军静,等.北京市丰台区居民主要膳食镉暴露评估[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2014,26(1):88-91.
[12] 王桂安,梁春穗,黄琼,等.广东省居民主要膳食镉暴露风险的初步评估[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2012,24(4):353-357.
[13] 丁鸿.广东省某市城区居民环境镉污染的暴露评估及基准剂量研究[D].广州:中山大学,2008.
[2] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.食品安全标准食品中镉的测定:GB 5009.15—2014 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[3] 王绪卿,吴永宁,陈君石.食品污染监测低水平数据处理问题[J].中华预防医学杂志,2002,36(4):278-279.
[4] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量:GB 2762—2017 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[5] JECFA.Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants[J].WHO Technical Report Series,2011,960:149-162.
[6] 罗炜.食品安全风险分析化学危害评估[M].北京:中国质检出版社,2012:64-89.
[7] 刘兆平,李凤琴,贾旭东,等.食品中化学物风险评估原则和方法[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:187-188.
[8] 王玲莉,刘辉,王姝婷.杭州市居民主要膳食镉暴露评估[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2015,27(5):585-589.
[9] 张磊,高俊全,李筱薇.2000年中国总膳食研究—不同性别年龄组人群膳食镉摄入量[J].卫生研究,2008,37(3):338-342.
[10] 黄李春,汤錾,章荣华,等.2009—2010年浙江省三个地区居民膳食铅和镉暴露评估[J].中华预防医学杂志,2012,46(1):42-45.
[11] 肖贵勇,王佳佳,安军静,等.北京市丰台区居民主要膳食镉暴露评估[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2014,26(1):88-91.
[12] 王桂安,梁春穗,黄琼,等.广东省居民主要膳食镉暴露风险的初步评估[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2012,24(4):353-357.
[13] 丁鸿.广东省某市城区居民环境镉污染的暴露评估及基准剂量研究[D].广州:中山大学,2008.