典型山区轻度营养型水库底泥氮磷释放规律
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摘要
尹府水库作为山区轻度营养型水库,其流域相对独立,水库周边群山环绕,流域内以农田、果树种植为主,无工业污染,研究其富营养化变化规律,特别是其内源释放情况具有重要的科学价值。本研究采集了水库不同区域的底泥沉积物样品和对应水样,并利用室内柱状静态模拟实验对尹府水库底泥营养盐的释放规律进行了模拟研究。实验结果显示:水库不同区域营养物质的释放通量具有空间各向异性,其释放通量的最小值位于入库区域附近,最大值位于出库区域附近。通过计算可知,枯水季底泥TN、氨氮的释放量分别为49.3t和28.1t;而底泥作为上覆水硝态氮和TP的"汇",枯水季的吸附量分别为28.4t和1.3t。与中营养化、富营养化水库相比较,底泥中的TN、氨氮和硝氮的释放规律是一致的,即TN、氨氮表现为上覆水体的内源,硝氮表现为上覆水体的"汇"。然而,底泥中总磷的释放规律明显不同:中营养化、富营养化水库的底泥向上覆水体释放磷,但轻度富营养化尹府水库的底泥吸附上覆水体的磷。实验结果可为轻度富营养型水库的水质演变提供理论依据。
Yinfu reservoir is one of light eutrophic reservoirs in mountain areas.The river basin is relatively independent,surrounded by mountains.Farmland and fruit trees were mainly cultivated without industrial pollution.It is very necessary to study the mechanism of eu-trophication,especially nutrient release from sediments.In this paper,sediment samples from different regions of the reservoir and corresponding water samples were collected.Nutrient release from sediments in the Yinfu reservoir was explored through the indoor static column experiments.The experimental results showed that the release flux of nutrients in different regions of the reservoir had spatial anisotropy.The minimum value of the release flux was near the entrance of the reservoir,and the maximum value was near the outlet of the reservoir.The results of the calculation revealed that emission flux of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were 49.3 tand 28.1 trespectively in dry season.The adsorption flux nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorous were 28.4 tand 1.3 trespectively in dry season.Compared with mesotrophic and eutrophic reservoirs,release rules of TN,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were consistent in the sediment.Namely,total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were the endogenesis of overlying water,while nitrate nitrogen acted as the sink of the overlying water body.However,the release of total phosphorus in sediments was significantly different.Phosphorus from the sediments of mesotrophic and eutrophic reservoirs was released to the overlying water,while the sediments adsorbed the phosphorus from the overlying water in the Yinfu reservoir with light eutrophication.The experiment results can provide a theoretical basis for evolution trend of water quality in light eutrophic reservoirs.
Yinfu reservoir is one of light eutrophic reservoirs in mountain areas.The river basin is relatively independent,surrounded by mountains.Farmland and fruit trees were mainly cultivated without industrial pollution.It is very necessary to study the mechanism of eu-trophication,especially nutrient release from sediments.In this paper,sediment samples from different regions of the reservoir and corresponding water samples were collected.Nutrient release from sediments in the Yinfu reservoir was explored through the indoor static column experiments.The experimental results showed that the release flux of nutrients in different regions of the reservoir had spatial anisotropy.The minimum value of the release flux was near the entrance of the reservoir,and the maximum value was near the outlet of the reservoir.The results of the calculation revealed that emission flux of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were 49.3 tand 28.1 trespectively in dry season.The adsorption flux nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorous were 28.4 tand 1.3 trespectively in dry season.Compared with mesotrophic and eutrophic reservoirs,release rules of TN,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were consistent in the sediment.Namely,total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were the endogenesis of overlying water,while nitrate nitrogen acted as the sink of the overlying water body.However,the release of total phosphorus in sediments was significantly different.Phosphorus from the sediments of mesotrophic and eutrophic reservoirs was released to the overlying water,while the sediments adsorbed the phosphorus from the overlying water in the Yinfu reservoir with light eutrophication.The experiment results can provide a theoretical basis for evolution trend of water quality in light eutrophic reservoirs.
引文
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[2]陈永川,汤利.沉积物-水体界面氮磷的迁移转化规律研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报,2005(4):527-533.CHEN Yongchuan,TANG Li.Study prospect on removing and transforming characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment-water interface[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2005(4):527-533.
[3]徐徽,张路,商景阁,等.太湖水土界面氮磷释放通量的流动培养研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009(4):66-71.XU Hui,ZHANG Lu,SHANG Jingge,et al.Study on ammonium and phosphate fluxes at the sediment-water interface of lake taihu using flow-through incubation[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2009(4):66-71.
[4]范成新,张路,秦伯强,等.太湖沉积物-水界面生源要素迁移机制及定量化——1.铵态氮释放速率的空间差异及源-汇通量[J].湖泊科学,2004,16(1):10-20.FAN Chengxin,ZHANG Lu,QIN Boqiang,et al.Migration mechanism of biogenic elements and their quantification on the sediment-water interface of Lake Taihu:Ⅰ.Chemical thermodynamic mechanism of phosphorus release and its source-sink transition[J].Journal of Lake Science,2004,16(1):10-20.
[5]李传红,谭镇,刘正文,等.惠州西湖沉积物营养盐的释放[J].生态环境,2008(2):537-541.LI Chuanhong,TAN Zhen,LIU Zhengwen,et al.Nutrient release in the sediments of Huizhou West Lake[J].Ecology and Environment,2008(2):537-541.
[6]MOSHAREF C,DHIA A B.Diffusive nutrient flux at the sediment-water interface in Suma Park Reservoir[J].Australia Hydrological Sciences Journal,2006,51(1):144-156.
[7]MULLER S.Oxygen and dissolved organic carbon control release of N,P and Fe from the sediments of a shallow polymictic lake[J].Journal of Solis and Sediments,2016,16(3):1109-1120.
[8]范成新,张路,杨龙元,等.湖泊沉积物氮磷内源负荷模拟[J].海洋与湖沼,2002(4):370-378.FAN Chengxin,ZHANG Lu,YANG Longyuan,et al.Simulation of internal loading of nitrogen and phosphorus in a lake[J].Oceanolgia et Limnologia Sinica,2002(4):370-378.
[9]李宝,丁士明,范成新,等.滇池福保湾底泥内源氮磷营养盐释放通量估算[J].环境科学,2008(1):114-120.LI Bao,DING Shiming,FAN Chengxin,et al.Estimation of releasing fluxes of sediment nitrogen and phosphorus in Fubao Bay in Dianchi Lake[J].Environmental Science,2008(1):114-120.
[10]关卓今,刘操,胡秀琳.密云水库底泥释放与内源污染负荷估算的探讨[J].北京水利,2005(2):28-29.GUAN Zhuojin,LIU Cao,HU Xiulin.Discussion on sediment release and endogenous pollution load estimation in Miyun reservoir[J].Beijing Water Resources,2005(2):28-29.
[11]丛海兵,黄廷林,李创宇,等.于桥水库沉积物内源污染特性研究[J].水资源保护,2006(4):20-23.CONG Haibing,HUANG Tinglin,LI Chuangyu,et al.Study on endogenous pollution characteristics of sediments in Yuqiao reservoir[J].Water Resources Protection,2006(4):20-23.
[12]姜友秀,林国庆,王好光,等.尹府水库水质现状及变化规律分析[J].水科学与工程技术.2012:29-31.JIANG Youxiu,LIN Guoqing,WANG Haoguang,et al.Water quality status and variation analysis of Yinfu reservoir[J].water science and engineering technology,2012:29-31.
[13]崔洪敬.尹府水库除险加固工程设计简介[J].水科学与工程技术,2006(S2):13-15.CUI Hongjing.Design of reinforcement engineering of Yinfu reservoir[J].Water Science and Engineering Technology,2006(S2):13-15.
[14]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.
[15]钱君龙,张连弟,乐美麟.过硫酸盐消化法测定土壤全氮全磷[J].土壤,1990(5):258-262.QIAN Junlong,ZHANG Liandi,LE Meilin.Determination of total nitrogen and phosphorus in soil by persulfate digestion[J].Soils,1990(5):258-262.
[16]孙英,何江,吕昌伟,等.岱海表层沉积物中影响氨氮释放的模拟研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009(7):1464-1468.SUN Ying,HE Jiang,LYU Changwei,et al.The simulation research of ammonium nitrogen release from the surface sediments of the Daihai lake[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009(7):1464-1468.
[17]邢雅囡,阮晓红,赵振华.城市重污染河道环境因子对底质氮释放影响[J].水科学进展,2010(1):120-126.XING Yanan,RUAN Xiaohong,ZHAO Zhenhua.Effect of environmental changes on nitrogen release from sediments in polluted urban river[J].Advances in Water Science,2010(1):120-126.
[18]汪家权,孙亚敏,钱家忠,等.巢湖底泥磷的释放模拟实验研究[J].环境科学学报,2002(6):738-742.WANG Jiaquan,SUN Yamin,QIAN Jiazhong,et al.Simulated study on phosphorus release of Chao lake sediment[J].Environmental Science,2002(6):738-742.
[19]金相灿,姜霞,王琦,等.太湖梅梁湾沉积物中磷吸附/解吸平衡特征的季节性变化[J].环境科学学报,2008(1):24-30.JIN Xiangcan,JIANG Xia,WANG Qi,et al.Seasonal changes of P adsorption/desorption characteristics at the watersediment interface in Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008(1):24-30.
[20]WANG S,JIN X,ZHAO H,et al.Phosphorus release characteristics of different trophic lake sediments under simulative disturbing conditions[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161(2/3):1551-1559.
[21]聂祥,林彰文,顾继光,等.南亚热带中小型水库沉积物中磷的形态与释放特征[J].生态环境,2008(3):903-908.NIE Xiang,LIN Zhangwen,GU Jiguang,et al.Phosphorus fractions and their release from sediments of middle and small sized reservoirs for drinking water in the south of China[J].Ecology and Environment,2008(3):903-908.
[22]王建军,沈吉,张路,等.云南滇池和抚仙湖沉积物-水界面营养盐通量及氧气对其的影响[J].湖泊科学,2010(5):640-648.WANG Jianjun,SHEN Ji,ZHANG Lu,et al.Sediment-water nutrient fluxes and the effects of oxygen in Lake Dianchi and Lake Fuxian of Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Lake Science,2010(5):640-648.
[23]陈友震.杜塘水库沉积物—水界面氮磷释放通量研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2011.CHEN Youzhen.Study on Fluxes of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Sediment-Water Interface of Dutang Reservoir[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Normal University,2011.
[24]陈朱虹,陈能汪,吴殷琪,等.河流库区沉积物-水界面营养盐及气态氮的释放过程和通量[J].环境科学,2014,35(9):3325-3335.CHEN Zhuhong,CHEN Nengwang,WU Yinqi,et al.Sediment-water flux and processes of nutrients and gaseous nitrogen release in a China river reservoir[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(9):3325-3335.
[25]刘静静,董春颖,宋英琦,等.杭州西湖北里湖沉积物氮磷内源静态释放的季节变化及通量估算[J].生态学报,2012,24:7932-7939.LIU Jingjing,DONG Chunying,SONG Yingqi,et al.The seasonal variations of nitrogen and phosphorus release and its fluxes from the sediments of the Beili Lake in the Hangzhou West Lake[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,24:7932-7939.
[26]张路,范成新,王建军,等.太湖水土界面氮磷交换通量的时空差异[J].环境科学,2006(8):1537-1543.ZHANG Lu,FAN Chengxin,WANG Jianjun,et al.Spacetime dependent variances of ammonia and phosphorus flux on sediment-water interface in Lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science,2006(8):1537-1543.
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