白刺花硬实种子的休眠机制及休眠解除
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摘要
【目的】探索白刺花硬实种子的休眠机制及解除休眠方法,为改进植物硬实种子播种育苗技术提供参考依据。【方法】开展白刺花种子种皮的吸水性、种胚活力及种胚萌发特性试验,分析其种皮和种胚对休眠的影响;测定其种子内源抑制物活性,利用酸腐、碱腐、激素、沸水和机械处理等方法进行破眠,筛选适宜解除白刺花种子休眠的最佳方法。【结果】白刺花种子剥除种皮后2 d即可充分吸胀,而完整种子吸水5 d后才达到饱和;白刺花种胚活力为73.5%,具有相对高的发芽潜力;剥离种皮的种胚发芽率最高,为72.99%,显著高于完整种子和仅具胚的种子(P<005);白刺花胚乳和胚中均含有抑制种子萌发的物质,其中50.0%胚乳浸提液可使小白菜种子萌发率降至75.85%;划破种皮破眠法可使白刺花种子发芽率达72.42%,其次是98%浓硫酸+300.0 mg/L GA3浸泡12 h处理(发芽率为57.42%)。【结论】白刺花种皮的透水和透气性、胚乳及胚中所含的抑制物是影响白刺花种子休眠的主要因素。机械划破种皮、用98%浓硫酸(酸腐)+300.0 mg/L GA3浸泡12 h处理(激素浸泡)软化种皮能有效解除白刺花种子休眠,提高其萌发率,可在植物硬实种子播种育苗中推广应用。
【Objective】In order to provide reference for the improvement of sowing and seedling technology,Sophora davidii seeds were used as materials to explore their dormancy mechanism and dormancy release methods.【Method】Water absorption of seed coat,embryo activity and embryo germination characteristics were tested to analyze the effects of seed coat and seed embryo on dormancy. The bioassay method was used to determine the activity of seed endogenous inhibitors. Dormancy breaking methods such as acid corrosion,alkali corrosion,hormone,boiling water and mechanical treatment were used to screen the best dormancy breaking methods.【Result】After being removed the seed coat,S. davidii seeds were in complete imbibition within 2 d,while intact seeds reached saturation in 5 d. S. davidii seeds had a relatively high germination potential,with its embryo vitality of 73.5%. The germination rate of embryo with removed seed coat was the highest(72.99%),which was significantly higher than that of intact seeds and seeds only with embryos(P<0.05).Endosperm and embryo of S. davidii contained components that inhibited seed germination. Among which,50% concentration of endosperm extracts could reduce the germination rate of cabbage germination rate to 75.85%. When cutting seed coat to break dormancy,the germination rate of S. davidii reached 72.42%;the second optimal method was 98% concentrated sulfuric acid+300.0 mg/L GA3 immersing for 12 h,and the germination rate was 57.41%.【Conclusion】The water and air permeability of seed coat of S. davidii seeds and endogenous inhibitor of endosperm and embryo are the main factors affecting dormancy of S.davidii. The dormancy breaking methods such as cutting skin coat by machine,98% concentrated sulfuric acid(corrosion with acid)+300.0 mg/L GA3(hormone immersion)soaking for 12 h can release dormancy efficiently and improve seed germination rate,which can be applied in the hard seed seedling.
【Objective】In order to provide reference for the improvement of sowing and seedling technology,Sophora davidii seeds were used as materials to explore their dormancy mechanism and dormancy release methods.【Method】Water absorption of seed coat,embryo activity and embryo germination characteristics were tested to analyze the effects of seed coat and seed embryo on dormancy. The bioassay method was used to determine the activity of seed endogenous inhibitors. Dormancy breaking methods such as acid corrosion,alkali corrosion,hormone,boiling water and mechanical treatment were used to screen the best dormancy breaking methods.【Result】After being removed the seed coat,S. davidii seeds were in complete imbibition within 2 d,while intact seeds reached saturation in 5 d. S. davidii seeds had a relatively high germination potential,with its embryo vitality of 73.5%. The germination rate of embryo with removed seed coat was the highest(72.99%),which was significantly higher than that of intact seeds and seeds only with embryos(P<0.05).Endosperm and embryo of S. davidii contained components that inhibited seed germination. Among which,50% concentration of endosperm extracts could reduce the germination rate of cabbage germination rate to 75.85%. When cutting seed coat to break dormancy,the germination rate of S. davidii reached 72.42%;the second optimal method was 98% concentrated sulfuric acid+300.0 mg/L GA3 immersing for 12 h,and the germination rate was 57.41%.【Conclusion】The water and air permeability of seed coat of S. davidii seeds and endogenous inhibitor of endosperm and embryo are the main factors affecting dormancy of S.davidii. The dormancy breaking methods such as cutting skin coat by machine,98% concentrated sulfuric acid(corrosion with acid)+300.0 mg/L GA3(hormone immersion)soaking for 12 h can release dormancy efficiently and improve seed germination rate,which can be applied in the hard seed seedling.
引文
常青山,张利霞,刘晶,吕凤娟,张天蒙,朱荣玮,沙晨霞,赵运发,王倩丽,韩晓鹏.2016.苘麻种子休眠机理及破眠方法[J].植物生理学报,52(6):967-974.[Chang Q S,Zhang L X,Liu J,LüF J,Zhang T M,Zhu R W,Sha CX,Zhao Y F,Wang Q L,Han X P.2016.Dormancy mechanism and breaking approaches of Abutilon theophrasti seeds[J].Plant Physiology Journal,52(6):967-974.]
陈强,王达明,李品荣,常恩福,黄春良,廖文辉.2003.白刺花的育苗造林技术及开发利用前景[J].中国野生植物资源,21(6):30-31.[Chen Q,Wang D M,Li P R,Chang E F,Huang C L,Liao W H.2003.Research on afforestation technology and the development and utilization prospect of Sophora viciifolia[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,21(6):30-31.]
丁言.2015.‘凤丹’牡丹种子内源抑制物质的初步研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学.[Ding Y.2015.Preliminary study on the endogensis inhibitory substance of Paeonia ostii‘Feng dan’[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricutural University.]
付婷婷,程红焱,宋松泉.2009.种子休眠的研究进展[J].植物学报,44(5):629-641.[Fu T T,Cheng H Y,Song SQ.2009.Advances in studies of seed dormancy[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,44(5):629-641.]
郭丽萍,张延龙,牛立新,罗建让.2016.凤丹种子休眠特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,31(4):165-169.[Guo L P,Zhang Y L,Niu L X,Luo J R.2016.Dormancy properties of Paeonia ostii‘Feng Dan’[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,31(4):165-169.]
李昆,崔永忠,张春华.2003.金沙江干热河谷退耕还林区造林树种的育苗技术[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),27(6):89-92.[Li K,Cui Y Z,Zhang C H.2003.Astudy on seedling cultivation technique in reforesting district of hot and arid valley of Jinsha River[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),27(6):89-92.]
李兴美,何胜江,何勇.2010.白刺花硬实种子不同处理方法的探讨[J].贵州农业科学,38(5):70-72.[Li X M,He SJ,He Y.2010.Effects of different treatment methods on germination rate and vigor of hard Sophora viciifolia seeds[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,38(5):70-72.]
毛晓健,温敏,蒋孝悝.2009.白刺花水煎剂的部分药效学研究[J].云南中医中药杂志,30(2):44-46.[Mao X J,Wen M,Jiang X L.2009.Research on water decoction partial pharmacodynamics of Sophora viciifolia[J].Journal of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine,30(2):44-46.]
乔亚科,李桂兰,王文颇,高书国,毕艳娟.2003.不同处理方法和贮藏时间对野生大豆种子萌发的影响[J].种子,70(3):33-34.[Qiao Y K,Li G L,Wang W P,Gao S G,Bi Y J.2003.Effect of different treatment methods and storage period on the germination of wild soybean[J].Seed,70(3):33-34.]
阮锐.2009.白刺花抗旱耐盐碱性与打坡种子休眠方法的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学.[Ruan R.2009.Studies on the drought resistance and saline-alkali tolerant and methods to break seed dormancy of Sophora viciifolia[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.]
石瑜敏,王威豪,刘百龙,黎兆安,谢丽萍,韦善富,毛昌祥,宋智萍.2010.籼型杂交水稻恢复系种子休眠特性研究[J].广西农业科学,41(10):1058-1060.[Shi Y M,Wang W H,Liu B L,Li Z A,Xie L P,Wei S F,Mao C X,Song Z P.2010.Seed dormancy characteristics of restorer lines of indica hybrid rice[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,41(10):1058-1060.]
孙明义,郑玉红,刘建秀.2002.结缕草(Zoysia japonica Steud.)种子打破休眠方法的比较[J].植物资源与环境学报,11(1):61-62.[Sun M Y,Zheng Y H,Liu J X.2002.A comparison on methods for breaking dormancy of Zoysia japonica Steud seeds[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,11(1),61-62.]
王金龙.1999.利用大豆硬实种子保存大豆种质的研究[J].大豆科学,18(4):351-354.[Wang J L.1999.Study on preservation of soybean germplasm using soybean hard seed[J].Soybean Science,18(4):351-354.]
吴丽芳,陆伟东,魏晓梅,邓玉华.2014.不同处理方法对白刺花硬实种子萌发特性的影响研究[J].当代畜牧,2(6):47-49.[Wu L F,Lu W D,Wei X M,Deng Y H.2014.Effect of different treatment methods on hard seed germination characteristics for Sophora viciifolia[J].Modern Animal Husbandry,2(6):47-49.]
徐本美,孙运涛,孙超,李锐丽,郭琛.2005.硬实种子高活力性状的研究[J].种子,24(8):44-48.[Xu B M,Sun Y T,Sun C,Li R L,Guo C.2005.Research on high vigor character for hard seeds[J].Seed,24(8):44-48.]
杨期和,叶万辉,宋松泉,殷寿华.2003.植物种子休眠的原因及休眠的多形性[J].西北植物学报,23(5):837-843.[Yang Q H,Ye W H,Song S Q,Yin S H.2003.Summarization on causes of seed dormancy and dormancy polymorphism[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,23(5):837-843.]
杨期和,尹小娟,叶万辉.2006.硬实种子休眠的机制和解除方法[J].植物学通报,23(1):108-118.[Yang Q H,Yin X J,Ye W H.2006.Dormancy mechanism and breaking methods for hard seeds[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,23(1):108-118.]
赵丽丽,王普昶,宋高翔,龙忠富,吴情.2011.白刺花种子硬实破除方法研究[J].山地农业生物学报,30(4):319-322.[Zhao L L,Wang P C,Song G X,Long Z F,Wu Q.2011.The method of seed treatment on Sophora viciifolia[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,30(4):319-322.]
Baskin J M,Davis B H,Baskin C C,Gleason S M,Cordell S.2004.Physical dormancy in seeds of Dodonaea viscosa(Sapindales,Sapindaceae)from Hawaii[J].Seed Science Research,14(1):81-90.
de Giorgi J,Piskurewicz U,Loubery S.2015.An endospermassociated cuticle is required for Arabidopsis seed viability,dormancy and early control of germination[J].PLo SGenetics,11(12):e1005708.
Otani T,Shibata E.2000.Seed dispersal and predation by Yakushima macaques,Macaca fuscata yakui,in a warm temperate forest of Yakushima Island,southern Japan[J].Ecological Research,15(2):133-144.
Tieu A,Dixon K W,Meney K A,Sivasithamparam K.2001.The interaction of heat and smoke in the release of seed dormancy in seven species from southwestern western Australia[J].Annals of Botany,88(2):259-265.
Uzun F,Aydin I.2003.Improving germination rate of Medicago and Trifolium species[J].Asian Journal of Plant Sciences,3(6):714-717.
陈强,王达明,李品荣,常恩福,黄春良,廖文辉.2003.白刺花的育苗造林技术及开发利用前景[J].中国野生植物资源,21(6):30-31.[Chen Q,Wang D M,Li P R,Chang E F,Huang C L,Liao W H.2003.Research on afforestation technology and the development and utilization prospect of Sophora viciifolia[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,21(6):30-31.]
丁言.2015.‘凤丹’牡丹种子内源抑制物质的初步研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学.[Ding Y.2015.Preliminary study on the endogensis inhibitory substance of Paeonia ostii‘Feng dan’[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricutural University.]
付婷婷,程红焱,宋松泉.2009.种子休眠的研究进展[J].植物学报,44(5):629-641.[Fu T T,Cheng H Y,Song SQ.2009.Advances in studies of seed dormancy[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,44(5):629-641.]
郭丽萍,张延龙,牛立新,罗建让.2016.凤丹种子休眠特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,31(4):165-169.[Guo L P,Zhang Y L,Niu L X,Luo J R.2016.Dormancy properties of Paeonia ostii‘Feng Dan’[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,31(4):165-169.]
李昆,崔永忠,张春华.2003.金沙江干热河谷退耕还林区造林树种的育苗技术[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),27(6):89-92.[Li K,Cui Y Z,Zhang C H.2003.Astudy on seedling cultivation technique in reforesting district of hot and arid valley of Jinsha River[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),27(6):89-92.]
李兴美,何胜江,何勇.2010.白刺花硬实种子不同处理方法的探讨[J].贵州农业科学,38(5):70-72.[Li X M,He SJ,He Y.2010.Effects of different treatment methods on germination rate and vigor of hard Sophora viciifolia seeds[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,38(5):70-72.]
毛晓健,温敏,蒋孝悝.2009.白刺花水煎剂的部分药效学研究[J].云南中医中药杂志,30(2):44-46.[Mao X J,Wen M,Jiang X L.2009.Research on water decoction partial pharmacodynamics of Sophora viciifolia[J].Journal of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine,30(2):44-46.]
乔亚科,李桂兰,王文颇,高书国,毕艳娟.2003.不同处理方法和贮藏时间对野生大豆种子萌发的影响[J].种子,70(3):33-34.[Qiao Y K,Li G L,Wang W P,Gao S G,Bi Y J.2003.Effect of different treatment methods and storage period on the germination of wild soybean[J].Seed,70(3):33-34.]
阮锐.2009.白刺花抗旱耐盐碱性与打坡种子休眠方法的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学.[Ruan R.2009.Studies on the drought resistance and saline-alkali tolerant and methods to break seed dormancy of Sophora viciifolia[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.]
石瑜敏,王威豪,刘百龙,黎兆安,谢丽萍,韦善富,毛昌祥,宋智萍.2010.籼型杂交水稻恢复系种子休眠特性研究[J].广西农业科学,41(10):1058-1060.[Shi Y M,Wang W H,Liu B L,Li Z A,Xie L P,Wei S F,Mao C X,Song Z P.2010.Seed dormancy characteristics of restorer lines of indica hybrid rice[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,41(10):1058-1060.]
孙明义,郑玉红,刘建秀.2002.结缕草(Zoysia japonica Steud.)种子打破休眠方法的比较[J].植物资源与环境学报,11(1):61-62.[Sun M Y,Zheng Y H,Liu J X.2002.A comparison on methods for breaking dormancy of Zoysia japonica Steud seeds[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,11(1),61-62.]
王金龙.1999.利用大豆硬实种子保存大豆种质的研究[J].大豆科学,18(4):351-354.[Wang J L.1999.Study on preservation of soybean germplasm using soybean hard seed[J].Soybean Science,18(4):351-354.]
吴丽芳,陆伟东,魏晓梅,邓玉华.2014.不同处理方法对白刺花硬实种子萌发特性的影响研究[J].当代畜牧,2(6):47-49.[Wu L F,Lu W D,Wei X M,Deng Y H.2014.Effect of different treatment methods on hard seed germination characteristics for Sophora viciifolia[J].Modern Animal Husbandry,2(6):47-49.]
徐本美,孙运涛,孙超,李锐丽,郭琛.2005.硬实种子高活力性状的研究[J].种子,24(8):44-48.[Xu B M,Sun Y T,Sun C,Li R L,Guo C.2005.Research on high vigor character for hard seeds[J].Seed,24(8):44-48.]
杨期和,叶万辉,宋松泉,殷寿华.2003.植物种子休眠的原因及休眠的多形性[J].西北植物学报,23(5):837-843.[Yang Q H,Ye W H,Song S Q,Yin S H.2003.Summarization on causes of seed dormancy and dormancy polymorphism[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,23(5):837-843.]
杨期和,尹小娟,叶万辉.2006.硬实种子休眠的机制和解除方法[J].植物学通报,23(1):108-118.[Yang Q H,Yin X J,Ye W H.2006.Dormancy mechanism and breaking methods for hard seeds[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,23(1):108-118.]
赵丽丽,王普昶,宋高翔,龙忠富,吴情.2011.白刺花种子硬实破除方法研究[J].山地农业生物学报,30(4):319-322.[Zhao L L,Wang P C,Song G X,Long Z F,Wu Q.2011.The method of seed treatment on Sophora viciifolia[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,30(4):319-322.]
Baskin J M,Davis B H,Baskin C C,Gleason S M,Cordell S.2004.Physical dormancy in seeds of Dodonaea viscosa(Sapindales,Sapindaceae)from Hawaii[J].Seed Science Research,14(1):81-90.
de Giorgi J,Piskurewicz U,Loubery S.2015.An endospermassociated cuticle is required for Arabidopsis seed viability,dormancy and early control of germination[J].PLo SGenetics,11(12):e1005708.
Otani T,Shibata E.2000.Seed dispersal and predation by Yakushima macaques,Macaca fuscata yakui,in a warm temperate forest of Yakushima Island,southern Japan[J].Ecological Research,15(2):133-144.
Tieu A,Dixon K W,Meney K A,Sivasithamparam K.2001.The interaction of heat and smoke in the release of seed dormancy in seven species from southwestern western Australia[J].Annals of Botany,88(2):259-265.
Uzun F,Aydin I.2003.Improving germination rate of Medicago and Trifolium species[J].Asian Journal of Plant Sciences,3(6):714-717.