基于复杂地质的长大隧道快速施工关键技术探讨
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摘要
针对复杂地质环境下长大隧道施工难度大,施工周期长的问题,以西北高原地区一长大隧道实际施工情况为对象,结合FLAC 3d数值软件进行隧道开挖快速施工分析。根据隧道埋深开挖损伤理论提出了以岩爆段为支护对象的柔性防护网快速施工法。研究结果表明:隧道埋深小于300 m,并不为产生岩爆;隧道埋深300~800 m时,存在轻微岩爆;隧道埋深800~1 000 m时,以中级岩爆为主;当埋深大于1 000 m时,以严重岩爆为主;当隧道开挖时,隧道后墙角区域的岩爆倾向明显大于拱顶和边墙区域。其中拱肩区主要以中级岩爆为主,拱脚区域完全满足强岩爆特性;通过运用柔性防护网快速施工法,利用柔性网的延性降低骨料回弹,提高了混凝土的喷射厚度,将柔性网与围岩密贴,能减缓和控制岩爆发生;利用柔性网系统实现了局部荷载的均匀传递,提高局部减弱区的防护能力,改善隧道结构的耐久性。
In view of the complex geological environment grew up in the tunnel construction is difficult and long construction cycle,grew up a tunnel construction situation in northwest plateau area as the object,combining with the FLAC 3 d numerical software for rapid construction of tunnel excavation.Based on the theory of tunnel buried deep excavation damage,the paper puts forward the rapid construction method of the flexible protective network with the rock burst section as the support object. The results show that the tunnel buried depth is less than 300 m,which is not to generate rock burst. When the tunnel is buried deep 300 ~ 800 m,there is a slight rock burst; When the tunnel is buried at 800 ~ 1 000 m,it is dominated by intermediate rock burst. When depth is greater than 1 000 m,it is mainly caused by severe rock burst. When the tunnel is excavated,the rockburst tendency in the corner area of the tunnel is obviously greater than that of the arch and the wall. The arch shoulder area is mainly dominated by intermediate rock burst,and the arch region is completely satisfied with the strong rock burst characteristics. By using flexible shield construction method,using the ductility of flexible network to reduce the aggregate rebound,improve the thickness of the concrete jet,will stick,flexible network and surrounding rock can slow and control of rock burst occurred; By using the flexible network system,the uniform transfer of local load is realized,and the protection ability of local weakening zone is improved,and the durability of tunnel structure is improved.
In view of the complex geological environment grew up in the tunnel construction is difficult and long construction cycle,grew up a tunnel construction situation in northwest plateau area as the object,combining with the FLAC 3 d numerical software for rapid construction of tunnel excavation.Based on the theory of tunnel buried deep excavation damage,the paper puts forward the rapid construction method of the flexible protective network with the rock burst section as the support object. The results show that the tunnel buried depth is less than 300 m,which is not to generate rock burst. When the tunnel is buried deep 300 ~ 800 m,there is a slight rock burst; When the tunnel is buried at 800 ~ 1 000 m,it is dominated by intermediate rock burst. When depth is greater than 1 000 m,it is mainly caused by severe rock burst. When the tunnel is excavated,the rockburst tendency in the corner area of the tunnel is obviously greater than that of the arch and the wall. The arch shoulder area is mainly dominated by intermediate rock burst,and the arch region is completely satisfied with the strong rock burst characteristics. By using flexible shield construction method,using the ductility of flexible network to reduce the aggregate rebound,improve the thickness of the concrete jet,will stick,flexible network and surrounding rock can slow and control of rock burst occurred; By using the flexible network system,the uniform transfer of local load is realized,and the protection ability of local weakening zone is improved,and the durability of tunnel structure is improved.
引文
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[24]吴江滨.超前地质预报在隧道工程中的应用[J].工程地质学报,2003(2):162-168.
[2]邱中原,杭宝国.长大管棚进洞技术在喀斯特隧道中的应用[J].黑龙江交通科技,2017,40(4):153-154.
[3]汪浩.一种基于GPS轨迹计算沥青路面施工碾压遍数的方法[A].中国管理科学与工程学会.管理科学与工程学会2016年年会论文集[C].中国管理科学与工程学会:,2016:8.
[4]刘泉声,刘建平,潘玉丛,等.硬岩隧道掘进机性能预测模型研究进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(S1):2766-2786.
[5]刘泉声,黄兴,刘建平,等.深部复合地层围岩与TBM的相互作用及安全控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1213-1224.
[6]张晋毅.复杂地质条件下轨道交通长大隧道设计技术[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(1):135-142.
[7]张健儒.山岭隧道软弱围岩工程地质特性及施工对策[J].隧道建设,2014,34(8):749-753.
[8]姜雪,卢文喜,杨青春,等.应用支持向量机评价土壤环境质量[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1229-1235.
[9]张斌.铁路长大隧道的机械化配套施工探讨[J].海峡科学,2013(12):3-6.
[10]吕和蔼.长大铁路隧道施工难点及技术措施研究[J].隧道建设,2012,32(S1):55-58.
[11]张文强.长大隧道三岔口施工技术在实践中的选择与应用分析[J].隧道建设,2012,32(3):383-387.
[12]K.Y.Liu,Li-Chen Fu.Observer-Based Backstepping Control of a 6-dof Parallel Hydraulic Manipulator[J].Control Engineering Practice.2014,3:33-37.
[13]J.R.Gao,J.C.Luo,Energy analysis of an original steering technology that saves fuel and boosts efficiency[J].Energy Conversion and Management.2016,42(2):23-26.
[14]殷立军.高速铁路隧道施工风险管理技术探索[J].隧道建设,2010,30(2):173-178.
[15]秦鹏翔,杨晓迎,翟建华.综合超前地质预报在深埋超长大隧洞TBM施工中的应用及对比分析[J].工程勘察,2008(S1):262-275.
[16]罗玉屏,赵玉成,王宁.高原隧道辅助井快速掘砌与施工安全性分析[J].铁道建筑,2007(11):33-36.
[17]陈璋,陈光明.龙潭特长公路隧道的设计与技术创新[J].公路,2007(3):182-187.
[18]王跃飞,张志龙,罗卫华.深埋长大公路隧道超前地质预报技术方法研究现状[J].中南公路工程,2006(1):24-27.
[19]Zhongyi Quan,Long Quan,Jinman Zhang.Review of energy efficient direct pump controlled cylinder electro-hydraulic technology[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.2014,33(4):44-47.
[20]朱鹏飞.宜万线隧道工程施工地质超前预测预报策划与应用效果初步评价[J].现代隧道技术,2005(5):55-62.
[21]张新洲.宜万铁路野三关隧道进口段快速施工技术[J].铁道标准设计,2010(8):93-96.
[22]王明慧,姚云晓,蒋树平.我国铁路隧道施工方法及适应性研究[J].现代隧道技术,2010,47(3):1-5.
[23]徐则民,黄润秋,范柱国,等.长大隧道岩爆灾害研究进展[J].自然灾害学报,2004(2):16-24.
[24]吴江滨.超前地质预报在隧道工程中的应用[J].工程地质学报,2003(2):162-168.