硬脆性岩石时效强度理论研究
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摘要
随着大型水利水电项目相继竣工投入运行,岩体工程的时效安全性问题成为岩土工作者关心的热点问题。论文以大理岩为例,对硬脆性岩石进行系统的室内力学试验,建立可以描述硬脆性岩石强度时效性的时效强度理论模型。通过单轴、常规三轴压缩试验,研究大理岩的力学特性、破坏模式以及围压的影响,得到大理岩随围压增大出现的脆延转换特性;通过循环加卸载试验,建立大理岩力学参数随塑性内变量的函数表达式,并结合恒载试验得到的大理岩力学参数随时间的变化规律建立大理岩塑性内变量的时效表达式,和时效强度理论模型。结果表明,随时间增长,大理岩的力学参数呈现非线性劣化趋势,并在两周后逐渐趋于稳定,研究成果对岩体工程长期稳定性分析具有重要的理论价值和指导意义。
As the large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects was completed and put into operation,the long-term safety of rock mass engineering has become a hot issue for geotechnical researchers. In this study,systematic mechanical tests of marble were carried out,and a theoretical model for the time dependent strength was established. The mechanical properties,the failure mechanisms and the confining pressure effect of marble were studied through the uniaxial and conventional triaxial compression tests and the brittle-ductile conversion with the increasing confining pressure was concluded. The variations of mechanical parameters of marble under different plastic degrees were established through the cyclic loading and unloading tests. The variations of mechanical parameters with the time,the expressions of the aging plastic internal variable and the theoretical model of time-dependent strength of marble were established with the results of static fatigue tests. The mechanical parameters of marble degrade nonlinearly with time increasing and keep constant after two weeks.
As the large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects was completed and put into operation,the long-term safety of rock mass engineering has become a hot issue for geotechnical researchers. In this study,systematic mechanical tests of marble were carried out,and a theoretical model for the time dependent strength was established. The mechanical properties,the failure mechanisms and the confining pressure effect of marble were studied through the uniaxial and conventional triaxial compression tests and the brittle-ductile conversion with the increasing confining pressure was concluded. The variations of mechanical parameters of marble under different plastic degrees were established through the cyclic loading and unloading tests. The variations of mechanical parameters with the time,the expressions of the aging plastic internal variable and the theoretical model of time-dependent strength of marble were established with the results of static fatigue tests. The mechanical parameters of marble degrade nonlinearly with time increasing and keep constant after two weeks.
引文
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[2]李金和,陈文玲,王洪旭.大理岩单轴蠕变模型参数[J].世界地质,2014,33(2):488–493.(LI Jinhe,CHEN Wenling,WANG Hongxu.Uniaxial creep model parameters of marble[J].Global Geology,2014,33(2):488–493.(in Chinese))
[3]杨圣奇,徐卫亚,谢守益,等.饱和状态下硬岩三轴流变变形与破裂机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(8):962–969.(YANG Shengqi,XU Weiya,XIE Shouyi,et al.Studies on triaxial rheological deformation and failure mechanism of hard rock in saturated state[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(8):962–969.(in Chinese))
[4]MISHRA B,VERMA P.Uniaxial and triaxial single and multistage creep tests on coal-measure shale rocks[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2015,137:55–65.
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[6]YU M,MAO X B,HU X Y.Shear creep characteristics and constitutive model of limestone[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2016,26(3):423–428.
[7]SUN J,HU Y Y.Time-dependent effects on the tensile strength of saturated granite at Three Gorges Project in China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(3/4):306.
[8]陈宗基,康文法.岩石的封闭应力、蠕变和扩容及本构方程[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(4):299–312.(TAN Tjongkie,KANG Wenfa.On the locked in stress,creep and dilatation of rocks,and the constitutive equations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(4):299–312.(in Chinese))
[9]蒋昱州,朱杰兵,王瑞红.软硬互层岩体卸荷蠕变力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):778–784.(JIANG Yuzhou,ZHU Jiebing,WANG Ruihong.Experimental study of unloading creep mechanical properties of alternatively distributed soft and hard rockmass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):778–784.(in Chinese))
[10]HAUPT M A.Constitutive law for rock salt based on creep and relaxation tests[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1991,24(4):179–206.
[11]杨文东,张强勇,陈芳,等.辉绿岩非线性流变模型及蠕变加载历史的处理方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(7):1 405–1 413.(YANG Wendong,ZHANG Qiangyong,CHEN Fang,et al.Research on nonlinear rheological model of diabase and treatment for creep loading history[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(7):1 405–1 413.(in Chinese))
[12]何志磊,朱珍德,李志敬.大理岩结构面非线性蠕变损伤本构模型研究[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(32):68–72.(HE Zhilei,ZHU Zhende,LI Zhijing.Study of nonlinear creep damage model of marble with structural plane[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(32):68–72.(in Chinese))
[13]SCHMIDTKE R H,LAJTAI E Z.The long-term strength of Lac du Bonnet granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1985,22(6):461–465.
[14]LAJTAI E Z,SCHMIDTKE R H.Delayed failure in rock loaded in uniaxial compression[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1986,19(1):11–25.
[15]MARTIN R J,NOEL J S,BOYD P J,et al.Creep and static fatigue of welded tuff from Yucca Mountain,Nevada[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(3):190.e1–190.e17.
[16]SZCZEPANIK Z,MILNE D,KOSTAKIS K,et al.Long term laboratory strength tests in hard rock[C]//The 10th ISRM Congress.International Society for Rock Mechanics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2003:204–219.
[17]DAMJANAC B,FAIRHURST C.Evidence for a long-term strength threshold in crystalline rock[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2010,43(5):513–531.
[18]黄书岭,冯夏庭,周辉,等.水压和应力耦合下脆性岩石蠕变与破坏时效机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,21(11):3 441–3 446.(HUANG Shuling,FENG Xiating,ZHOU Hui,et al.Study of aging failure mechanics and triaxial compression creep experiments with water pressure coupled stress of brittle rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,21(11):3 441–3 446.(in Chinese))
[19]刘宁.深埋大理岩破裂扩展的时间效应及隧洞长期稳定性评价[R].杭州:华东勘测设计研究院,2011.(LIU Ning.Time effect of fracture propagation in deep marble and evaluation of long term stability of tunnel[R].Hangzhou:Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited,2011.(in Chinese))
[20]赵晓军.锦屏大理岩时效性力学试验及本构模型研究[硕士学位论文][D].焦作:河南理工大学,2012.(ZHAO Xiaojun.Mechanical experiments of time-dependent properties and study on constitutive model of marble in Jinping[M.S.Thesis][D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2012.(in Chinese))
[21]刘晓燕,曾海钊,何江达,等.锦屏二级引水隧洞大理岩强度参数研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2013,(5):157–160.(LIU Xiaoyan,ZENG Haizao,HE Jiangda,et al.Research on marble loading and unloading tests and rheological tests strength parameters from diversion tunnel of Jinping II Project[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2013,(5):157–160.(in Chinese))
[22]杨艳霜.硬脆性岩石强度的时间效应试验与理论模型研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013.(YANG Yanshuang.Time-dependent behavior and its theoretical model of the strength for brittle hard rock[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013.(in Chinese))
[23]张凯,周辉,冯夏庭,等.Biot固结理论中连续性方程形式的讨论[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3 273–3 277.(ZHANG Kai,ZHOU Hui,FENG Xiating,et al.Discussion on forms of continuum equation for Biot?s consolidation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(11):3 273–3 277.(in Chinese))
[24]张凯,周辉,冯夏庭,等.大理岩弹塑性耦合特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2 425–2 434.(ZHANG Kai,ZHOU Hui,FENG Xiating,et al.Experimental research on elastoplastic coupling character of marble[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(8):2 425–2 434.(in Chinese))
[25]张凯.脆性岩石力学模型与流固耦合机制研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2010.(ZHANG Kai.Study on mechanical model and fluid-solid coupling mechanism for brittle rocks[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.(in Chinese))
[2]李金和,陈文玲,王洪旭.大理岩单轴蠕变模型参数[J].世界地质,2014,33(2):488–493.(LI Jinhe,CHEN Wenling,WANG Hongxu.Uniaxial creep model parameters of marble[J].Global Geology,2014,33(2):488–493.(in Chinese))
[3]杨圣奇,徐卫亚,谢守益,等.饱和状态下硬岩三轴流变变形与破裂机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(8):962–969.(YANG Shengqi,XU Weiya,XIE Shouyi,et al.Studies on triaxial rheological deformation and failure mechanism of hard rock in saturated state[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(8):962–969.(in Chinese))
[4]MISHRA B,VERMA P.Uniaxial and triaxial single and multistage creep tests on coal-measure shale rocks[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2015,137:55–65.
[5]徐平,夏熙伦.三峡工程花岗岩蠕变断裂与I–II型断裂试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,1995,12(3):31–36.(XU Ping,XIA Xilun.Study on creep and I–II mixed mode fracture of granite in Lock Aera of Three Gorges Project[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1995,12(3):31–36.(in Chinese))
[6]YU M,MAO X B,HU X Y.Shear creep characteristics and constitutive model of limestone[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2016,26(3):423–428.
[7]SUN J,HU Y Y.Time-dependent effects on the tensile strength of saturated granite at Three Gorges Project in China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(3/4):306.
[8]陈宗基,康文法.岩石的封闭应力、蠕变和扩容及本构方程[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(4):299–312.(TAN Tjongkie,KANG Wenfa.On the locked in stress,creep and dilatation of rocks,and the constitutive equations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(4):299–312.(in Chinese))
[9]蒋昱州,朱杰兵,王瑞红.软硬互层岩体卸荷蠕变力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):778–784.(JIANG Yuzhou,ZHU Jiebing,WANG Ruihong.Experimental study of unloading creep mechanical properties of alternatively distributed soft and hard rockmass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):778–784.(in Chinese))
[10]HAUPT M A.Constitutive law for rock salt based on creep and relaxation tests[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1991,24(4):179–206.
[11]杨文东,张强勇,陈芳,等.辉绿岩非线性流变模型及蠕变加载历史的处理方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(7):1 405–1 413.(YANG Wendong,ZHANG Qiangyong,CHEN Fang,et al.Research on nonlinear rheological model of diabase and treatment for creep loading history[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(7):1 405–1 413.(in Chinese))
[12]何志磊,朱珍德,李志敬.大理岩结构面非线性蠕变损伤本构模型研究[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(32):68–72.(HE Zhilei,ZHU Zhende,LI Zhijing.Study of nonlinear creep damage model of marble with structural plane[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(32):68–72.(in Chinese))
[13]SCHMIDTKE R H,LAJTAI E Z.The long-term strength of Lac du Bonnet granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1985,22(6):461–465.
[14]LAJTAI E Z,SCHMIDTKE R H.Delayed failure in rock loaded in uniaxial compression[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1986,19(1):11–25.
[15]MARTIN R J,NOEL J S,BOYD P J,et al.Creep and static fatigue of welded tuff from Yucca Mountain,Nevada[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(3):190.e1–190.e17.
[16]SZCZEPANIK Z,MILNE D,KOSTAKIS K,et al.Long term laboratory strength tests in hard rock[C]//The 10th ISRM Congress.International Society for Rock Mechanics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2003:204–219.
[17]DAMJANAC B,FAIRHURST C.Evidence for a long-term strength threshold in crystalline rock[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2010,43(5):513–531.
[18]黄书岭,冯夏庭,周辉,等.水压和应力耦合下脆性岩石蠕变与破坏时效机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,21(11):3 441–3 446.(HUANG Shuling,FENG Xiating,ZHOU Hui,et al.Study of aging failure mechanics and triaxial compression creep experiments with water pressure coupled stress of brittle rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,21(11):3 441–3 446.(in Chinese))
[19]刘宁.深埋大理岩破裂扩展的时间效应及隧洞长期稳定性评价[R].杭州:华东勘测设计研究院,2011.(LIU Ning.Time effect of fracture propagation in deep marble and evaluation of long term stability of tunnel[R].Hangzhou:Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited,2011.(in Chinese))
[20]赵晓军.锦屏大理岩时效性力学试验及本构模型研究[硕士学位论文][D].焦作:河南理工大学,2012.(ZHAO Xiaojun.Mechanical experiments of time-dependent properties and study on constitutive model of marble in Jinping[M.S.Thesis][D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2012.(in Chinese))
[21]刘晓燕,曾海钊,何江达,等.锦屏二级引水隧洞大理岩强度参数研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2013,(5):157–160.(LIU Xiaoyan,ZENG Haizao,HE Jiangda,et al.Research on marble loading and unloading tests and rheological tests strength parameters from diversion tunnel of Jinping II Project[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2013,(5):157–160.(in Chinese))
[22]杨艳霜.硬脆性岩石强度的时间效应试验与理论模型研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013.(YANG Yanshuang.Time-dependent behavior and its theoretical model of the strength for brittle hard rock[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013.(in Chinese))
[23]张凯,周辉,冯夏庭,等.Biot固结理论中连续性方程形式的讨论[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3 273–3 277.(ZHANG Kai,ZHOU Hui,FENG Xiating,et al.Discussion on forms of continuum equation for Biot?s consolidation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(11):3 273–3 277.(in Chinese))
[24]张凯,周辉,冯夏庭,等.大理岩弹塑性耦合特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2 425–2 434.(ZHANG Kai,ZHOU Hui,FENG Xiating,et al.Experimental research on elastoplastic coupling character of marble[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(8):2 425–2 434.(in Chinese))
[25]张凯.脆性岩石力学模型与流固耦合机制研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2010.(ZHANG Kai.Study on mechanical model and fluid-solid coupling mechanism for brittle rocks[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010.(in Chinese))