松辽盆地安达古隆起风化壳特征及控藏机制
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摘要
为了探索松辽盆地安达古隆起风化壳特征及控藏机制,利用钻井、测井、地震、岩心及实验分析资料,从风化壳的岩性、结构、规模方面对安达古隆起风化壳的地质特征及控藏机制进行了深入分析。研究结果表明安达古隆起是由片岩、千枚岩、变质砾岩及糜棱岩组成的古生代基岩隆起,构造幅度超过3 500 m,从晚侏罗世到早白垩世经历了约20 Ma风化剥蚀,形成了大规模的基岩隆起型变质岩风化壳,最大厚度为80～90 m,主体面积约为200 km2。风化壳具有典型的三元结构,即风化堆积层、半风化层及未风化基岩层,其中半风化层分为裂缝充填层、裂缝氧化层和原生裂缝层。风化壳被后期盆地坳陷地层覆盖且保存完整,形成良好的封盖条件,周边断陷期烃源岩生成的油气沿着隆起上超通道运移到风化壳内部聚集,形成了新生古储型气藏,半风化层储集性能及风化堆积层的封盖能力成为风化壳圈闭成藏的主控因素。研究成果对于松辽盆地中央古隆起带及其他古隆起勘探具有重要的指导意义。
In order to explore the characteristics of the weathered crust in Anda Palaeohigh of Songliao Basin,with the help of the drilling,well Logging,seismic,core and experimental analyzed data,from the viewpoints of the lithology,structure,scale,the geological characteristics and reservoir-controlling mechanism of the crust were deeply figured out. The study results show that Anda Palaeohigh is Paleozoic bedrock uplift which is made up of schist,phyllite,metamorphic conglomerate and mylonite, which structural amplitude is more than 3 500 m and experienced weathering and erosion about 20 Ma during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous,a large scale weathered crust of the bedrock uplifted-metamorphic rocks was formed,its maximal thickness is 80-90 m and the main body area is about 200 km2. The weathered crust has typical three-composition structures: weathered accumulative formation,partly weathered layer and unweathered bedrock. The partly weathered layer can be divided into fracture-filled layer,fracture oxidation layer and primary fracture layer. The weathered crust is covered by the depression layer in the later formed basin and preserved integrally,thus much better sealed and trapped conditions were developed,the oil and gas generated by the surrounding fault-period source rocks were migrated along the uplift upward passage in-to the weathered crust and accumulated a new paleo-source-rock gas reservoir,the accumulating performances of the partly weathered crust and the sealing ability of the weathered accumulation layer are the main controlling factors for the hydrocarbon accumulation of the weathered crust traps. The study results possess important guiding significance for the explorations of the Central Paleo-uplift Belt and other paleo-uplifts in Songliao Basin.
In order to explore the characteristics of the weathered crust in Anda Palaeohigh of Songliao Basin,with the help of the drilling,well Logging,seismic,core and experimental analyzed data,from the viewpoints of the lithology,structure,scale,the geological characteristics and reservoir-controlling mechanism of the crust were deeply figured out. The study results show that Anda Palaeohigh is Paleozoic bedrock uplift which is made up of schist,phyllite,metamorphic conglomerate and mylonite, which structural amplitude is more than 3 500 m and experienced weathering and erosion about 20 Ma during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous,a large scale weathered crust of the bedrock uplifted-metamorphic rocks was formed,its maximal thickness is 80-90 m and the main body area is about 200 km2. The weathered crust has typical three-composition structures: weathered accumulative formation,partly weathered layer and unweathered bedrock. The partly weathered layer can be divided into fracture-filled layer,fracture oxidation layer and primary fracture layer. The weathered crust is covered by the depression layer in the later formed basin and preserved integrally,thus much better sealed and trapped conditions were developed,the oil and gas generated by the surrounding fault-period source rocks were migrated along the uplift upward passage in-to the weathered crust and accumulated a new paleo-source-rock gas reservoir,the accumulating performances of the partly weathered crust and the sealing ability of the weathered accumulation layer are the main controlling factors for the hydrocarbon accumulation of the weathered crust traps. The study results possess important guiding significance for the explorations of the Central Paleo-uplift Belt and other paleo-uplifts in Songliao Basin.
引文
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[13]李晓燕,蒋有录,陈涛.古风化壳孔隙与裂缝发育特征及其油气地质意义[J].地球科学与环境学报,2010,32(1):60-64.LI Xiaoyan,JIANG Youlu,CHEN Tao. Characteristics and petroleum geological significance of pores and fissures developed in the paleo weathered crust[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2010,32(1):60-64.
[14]张龙,刘池洋,雷开宇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部侏罗系延安组漂白砂岩成因和古风化壳形成环境探讨[J].地质学报,2017,9(16):1345-1359.ZHANG Long,LIU Chiyang,LEI Kaiyu,et al. White bleached sandstone genesis and paleo-weathered crust forming environment of the Jurassic Yanan Formation in the Northeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Geosicientia Sinica, 2017, 91(6):1345-1359.
[15]柏松章,唐飞.裂缝性潜山基岩油藏开发模式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.BAI Songzhang,TANG Fei. The development models of buried hill fractured basement reservoirs[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997.
[16]于璇,侯贵廷,能源,等.库车坳陷构造裂缝发育特征及分布规律[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(4):644-656.YU Xuan,HOU Guiting,NENG Yuan,et al. Development and distribution characteristics of tectonic fractures in Kuqa Depression[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities,2016,22(4):644-656.
[17]付广,段海凤,孟庆芬.不整合及输导油气特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(1):13-16.FU Guang,DUAN Haifeng, MENG Qingfen. Unconformity and transport hydrocarbon characteristic[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2005,24(1):13-16.
[18]牛虎林,胡欣,徐志强,等.基岩油气藏裂缝性储层的成像测井评价及裂缝预测[J].石油学报, 2010, 31(2):264-269.NIU Hulin,HU Xin,XU Zhiqiang,et al. Evaluation of imaging logging and fracture prediction in fractured basement reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(2):264-269.
[19]童凯军,赵春明,吕坐彬,等.渤海变质岩潜山油藏储集层综合评价与裂缝表征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):56-63.TONG Kaijun,ZHAO Chunming,LZuobin,et al. Reservoir evaluation and fracture characterization of the metamorphic buried hill reservoir in Bohai Bay[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):56-63.
[20]李军生,庞雄奇,宁金华,等.辽河坳陷曹台潜山太古宇高凝油藏封闭特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):191-195.LI Junsheng,PANG Xiongqi,NING Jinhua,et al. Sealing characteristics of the high pour-point oil reservoirs in the Archaeozoic buried hill of the Caotai area,Liaohe Depression[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(2):191-195.
[21]洪余刚,陈景山,代宗仰,等.古地貌恢复在风化壳岩溶型储层研究中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(1):1-5.HONG Yugang,CHEN Jingshan,DAI Zongyang,et al. The application of ancient geomorphy recovery to the study on the palaeoweathering crust-type karst reservoir[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(1):1-5.
[22]邓爱居,张少华,李凤群,等.饶阳凹陷肃宁地区新生代断裂活动及其对油气成藏的控制作用[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(3):18-24.DENG Aiju, ZHANG Shaohua, LI Fengqun, et al. Cenozoic fault activity and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in Suning area of Raoyang Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(3):18-24.
[23]王韬,张卫海,李婷,等.金湖凹陷铜城断裂带断层活动与油气富集关系[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(5):65-71.WANG Tao, ZHANG Weihai, LI Ting, et al. Relationship between fault activity and oil&gas enrichment for Tongcheng Fault Belt in Jinhu Depression[J]. Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(5):65-71.
[2]金雪英,周鹏林,王春燕,等.安达凹陷沙河子组致密气储层古水流方向解释及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(2):152-156.JIN Xueying, ZHOU Penglin, WANG Chunyan, et al.Interpretation and application of the palaeo-current directions for Shahezi Formation tight gas reservoirs in Anda Sag[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2018, 37(2):152-156.
[3]邹才能,侯连华,杨帆,等.碎屑岩风化壳结构及油气地质意义[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2014,44(12):2652-2664.ZOU Caineng,HOU Lianhua,YANG Fan,et al. Structure of weathered clastic crust and its petroleum potential[J]. Science in China Series D(Earth Sciences),2014,44(12):2652-2664.
[4]侯连华,邹才能,刘磊,等.新疆北部石炭系火山岩风化壳油气地质条件[J].石油学报,2012,33(4)533-540.HOU Lianhua,ZOU Caineng,LIU Lei,et al. Geologic essential elements for hydrocarbon accumulation within Carboniferous volcanic weathered crusts in Northern Xinjiang,China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):533-540.
[5]赵乐强,张金亮,宋国奇,等.济阳坳陷前第三系顶部风化壳结构发育特征及对油气成藏的影响[J].地质学报,2009,83(4):570-578.ZHAO Leqiang,ZHANG Jinliang,SONG Guoqi,et al. Structure characteristics of weathered crust at the top of pre-Tertiary in Jiyang Depression and its influence on reservoir formation[J]. Acta Geosicientia Sinica,2009,83(4):570-578.
[6]张克银,艾华国,吴亚军.碳酸盐岩顶部不整合面结构层及控油意义[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(5):16-19.ZHANG Keyin,AI Huaguo, WU Yajun. Characteristics and oilcontrolling significance of unconformity structure layer at top of carbonate rock[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,1996,23(5):16-19.
[7] PRICE J R,VELBEL M A. Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks[J]. Chemical Geology, 2003, 202(3-4):397-416.
[8] HOPKINS J C. Characterization of reservoir lithologies with in subunconformity pools:Pekisko Formation,Medicine River Field,Albert, Canada[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1999, 83(11):1855-1870.
[9] EHLEN J. Fracture characteristics in weathered granites[J]. Geomorphology,1999,31(1-4):29-45.
[10]何发岐.碳酸盐岩地层中不整合—岩溶风化壳油气田:以塔里木盆地塔河油田为例[J].地质论评,2002,48(4):391-397.HE Faqi. Karst weathering crust oil-gas field on carbonate unconformity:An example from Tahe Oilfield in the Ordovician reservoir in Tarim Basin[J]. Geological Review, 2002, 48(4):391-397.
[11]崔之久,刘耕年,李德文,等.覆盖型岩溶、风化壳与岩溶(双层)夷平面[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31(6):510-519.CUI Zhijiu, LIU Gengnian, LI Dewen, et al. Covered karst,weathering crust and double leveling surfaces of karst planation[J]. Science in China Series D(Earth Sciences),2001,31(6):510-519.
[12]侯启军,冯志强,冯子辉,等.松辽盆地陆相石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.HOU Qijun,FENG Zhiqiang,FENG Zihui,et al. Continental petroleum geology of Songliao Basin[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009.
[13]李晓燕,蒋有录,陈涛.古风化壳孔隙与裂缝发育特征及其油气地质意义[J].地球科学与环境学报,2010,32(1):60-64.LI Xiaoyan,JIANG Youlu,CHEN Tao. Characteristics and petroleum geological significance of pores and fissures developed in the paleo weathered crust[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2010,32(1):60-64.
[14]张龙,刘池洋,雷开宇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部侏罗系延安组漂白砂岩成因和古风化壳形成环境探讨[J].地质学报,2017,9(16):1345-1359.ZHANG Long,LIU Chiyang,LEI Kaiyu,et al. White bleached sandstone genesis and paleo-weathered crust forming environment of the Jurassic Yanan Formation in the Northeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Geosicientia Sinica, 2017, 91(6):1345-1359.
[15]柏松章,唐飞.裂缝性潜山基岩油藏开发模式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.BAI Songzhang,TANG Fei. The development models of buried hill fractured basement reservoirs[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997.
[16]于璇,侯贵廷,能源,等.库车坳陷构造裂缝发育特征及分布规律[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(4):644-656.YU Xuan,HOU Guiting,NENG Yuan,et al. Development and distribution characteristics of tectonic fractures in Kuqa Depression[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities,2016,22(4):644-656.
[17]付广,段海凤,孟庆芬.不整合及输导油气特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(1):13-16.FU Guang,DUAN Haifeng, MENG Qingfen. Unconformity and transport hydrocarbon characteristic[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2005,24(1):13-16.
[18]牛虎林,胡欣,徐志强,等.基岩油气藏裂缝性储层的成像测井评价及裂缝预测[J].石油学报, 2010, 31(2):264-269.NIU Hulin,HU Xin,XU Zhiqiang,et al. Evaluation of imaging logging and fracture prediction in fractured basement reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(2):264-269.
[19]童凯军,赵春明,吕坐彬,等.渤海变质岩潜山油藏储集层综合评价与裂缝表征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):56-63.TONG Kaijun,ZHAO Chunming,LZuobin,et al. Reservoir evaluation and fracture characterization of the metamorphic buried hill reservoir in Bohai Bay[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):56-63.
[20]李军生,庞雄奇,宁金华,等.辽河坳陷曹台潜山太古宇高凝油藏封闭特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):191-195.LI Junsheng,PANG Xiongqi,NING Jinhua,et al. Sealing characteristics of the high pour-point oil reservoirs in the Archaeozoic buried hill of the Caotai area,Liaohe Depression[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(2):191-195.
[21]洪余刚,陈景山,代宗仰,等.古地貌恢复在风化壳岩溶型储层研究中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(1):1-5.HONG Yugang,CHEN Jingshan,DAI Zongyang,et al. The application of ancient geomorphy recovery to the study on the palaeoweathering crust-type karst reservoir[J]. Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(1):1-5.
[22]邓爱居,张少华,李凤群,等.饶阳凹陷肃宁地区新生代断裂活动及其对油气成藏的控制作用[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(3):18-24.DENG Aiju, ZHANG Shaohua, LI Fengqun, et al. Cenozoic fault activity and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in Suning area of Raoyang Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(3):18-24.
[23]王韬,张卫海,李婷,等.金湖凹陷铜城断裂带断层活动与油气富集关系[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(5):65-71.WANG Tao, ZHANG Weihai, LI Ting, et al. Relationship between fault activity and oil&gas enrichment for Tongcheng Fault Belt in Jinhu Depression[J]. Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(5):65-71.