碱化盐土掺砂对土壤理化性状和玉米产量影响的研究
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摘要
为解决内蒙古河套平原黏性碱化盐土土壤黏重,作物难以正常生长、产量低下等问题,对河套平原黏性碱化盐土进行了土壤耕层(0~20 cm)掺砂的土壤改良试验,研究掺砂对土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:试验区土壤掺砂可以降低土壤容重,改变土壤机械组成和土壤质地,提高了黏性碱化盐土的通气孔隙度,改善土壤的通气透水性,降低土壤全盐量和碱化度,有效改善玉米生长环境,提高了玉米的产量。掺砂20%处理的土壤容重从1.64 g/cm3(CK)降低到1.49 g/cm3,土壤通气孔隙度从8.57%提高到18.17%,达到正常范围,使土壤砂粒、粉粒、粘粒含量比例趋向适中,土壤质地由壤质黏土转变为黏壤土,土壤全盐量下降了13%,碱化度降低了21%,玉米产量提高了301%。综合分析,掺砂20%处理对当地碱化盐土改良效果较为适宜。
In order to solve the problems of being too viscous and with low yield in the viscous alkalize solonchak soil in Inner Mongolia Hetao Plain,a soil improvement experiment was conducted by mixing sand to soil plough layer( 0 ~ 20 cm) in Hetao Plain viscous alkalize solonchak field,to study its effects on soil physical properties and corn yield. The results showed that mixing sand to soil plough layer in Hetao Plain viscous alkalize solonchak field reduced soil bulk density,changed the soil mechanical composition and soil texture,increased soil aeration porosity of viscous alkalize solonchak soil,improved soil aeration,water permeability,reduced the soil total salt and degree of alkalization,effectively improved growing environment of corn plants,increased the yield of corn. The soil bulk density with adding 20% sand decreased from 1. 64 g / cm3( CK) to1. 49 g / cm3,soil aeration porosity increased from 8. 57% to 18. 17%,which reached the normal range. Adding 20% sand made the ratio of soil sand,silt and clay content tend to moderate,soil texture turn from loamy clay to clay loam,soil total salt fall by 13%,degree of alkalization been reduced by 21%,the yield of corn been increased by 301%. Adding sand of 20%was appropriate proportion to improve viscous alkalize solonchaks soil on Hetao Plain.
In order to solve the problems of being too viscous and with low yield in the viscous alkalize solonchak soil in Inner Mongolia Hetao Plain,a soil improvement experiment was conducted by mixing sand to soil plough layer( 0 ~ 20 cm) in Hetao Plain viscous alkalize solonchak field,to study its effects on soil physical properties and corn yield. The results showed that mixing sand to soil plough layer in Hetao Plain viscous alkalize solonchak field reduced soil bulk density,changed the soil mechanical composition and soil texture,increased soil aeration porosity of viscous alkalize solonchak soil,improved soil aeration,water permeability,reduced the soil total salt and degree of alkalization,effectively improved growing environment of corn plants,increased the yield of corn. The soil bulk density with adding 20% sand decreased from 1. 64 g / cm3( CK) to1. 49 g / cm3,soil aeration porosity increased from 8. 57% to 18. 17%,which reached the normal range. Adding 20% sand made the ratio of soil sand,silt and clay content tend to moderate,soil texture turn from loamy clay to clay loam,soil total salt fall by 13%,degree of alkalization been reduced by 21%,the yield of corn been increased by 301%. Adding sand of 20%was appropriate proportion to improve viscous alkalize solonchaks soil on Hetao Plain.
引文
[1]其力格尔,李跃进,崔智勇,等.脱硫石膏改良碱土5年后稳定性跟踪研究[J].内蒙古农业科技,2012,(3):73-76.
[2]张海军,李跃进,陈昌和,等.脱硫石膏改良碱土特征值的变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(7):165-168.
[3]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.89-97,99-111.
[4]蒲红艳,陈亚宁,李卫红.干旱荒漠区新垦绿洲土壤改良措施对盐分变化的影响研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(7):160-164.
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[6]李文斌,李新平,李海洋,等.不同掺砂比例对烟区黏质土壤微生态特征的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(11):85-90.
[7]努果.浅谈盐碱地的改良与利用[J].青海草业,2000,(2):42.
[8]王丽贤,张晓云,吴淼.盐碱土改良措施综述[J].安徽农学通报,2012,18(17):99-100.
[9]李取生,李晓军,刘长江,等.松嫩平原旱地碱化土壤改良与淋洗制度研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,(2):145-148.
[10]周道玮,田雨,王敏玲,等.覆沙改良科尔沁沙地-松辽平原交错区盐碱地与造田技术研究[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(6):910-917.
[11]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学出版社,1978.
[12]葛超,景希强,徐娥,等.不同深松时间与深度条件下土壤物理性状与玉米产量的相关分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013,(3):15-18.
[13]柴苗苗,韩霁昌,罗林涛,等.砒砂岩与沙混合比例及作物种植季数对复配土壤性质和作物产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(10):179-184.
[14]李文斌.掺砂和移栽处理对安康市烟区土壤生态特征的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[15]柯油松,李淑玲,吴文斌,等.掺砂对南雄牛肝土田的改良效果初报[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(5):39-41.
[16]王娜,兰建强,李晓宁,等.河沙改良土壤对烤烟生长及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(34):144-148.
[17]Niazi B H,Ahmed M,Hussain N,et al.Comparison of sand,gypsum and sulphuric acid to reclaim a dense saline sodic soil[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2001,2:34-37.
[18]Mathur O P,Mathur S K.Effect of addition of sand and gypsum to fine-textured salt-affected soil on the yield of cotton and jower(sorghum)under Rajasthan Canal Command Areacondition[J].Plant and Soil,1983,74:61-65.
[19]潘晓东,塔伊尔,贾俊平,等.复垦盐渍化弃耕地客土改良初探[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(25):13754-13755,13779.
[20]李集勤,陈俊标,彭文松,等.植烟沙泥田土掺混紫色土对土壤酶活性及理化性质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014,(5):16-22.
[2]张海军,李跃进,陈昌和,等.脱硫石膏改良碱土特征值的变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(7):165-168.
[3]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.89-97,99-111.
[4]蒲红艳,陈亚宁,李卫红.干旱荒漠区新垦绿洲土壤改良措施对盐分变化的影响研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(7):160-164.
[5]Alhajhoj A.Effect of addition of sand and soil amendments to loam and brick grit media on the growth of two turf grass species(Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra)[J].Journal of Applied Sciences,2009,9(13):2485-2489.
[6]李文斌,李新平,李海洋,等.不同掺砂比例对烟区黏质土壤微生态特征的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(11):85-90.
[7]努果.浅谈盐碱地的改良与利用[J].青海草业,2000,(2):42.
[8]王丽贤,张晓云,吴淼.盐碱土改良措施综述[J].安徽农学通报,2012,18(17):99-100.
[9]李取生,李晓军,刘长江,等.松嫩平原旱地碱化土壤改良与淋洗制度研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,(2):145-148.
[10]周道玮,田雨,王敏玲,等.覆沙改良科尔沁沙地-松辽平原交错区盐碱地与造田技术研究[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(6):910-917.
[11]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学出版社,1978.
[12]葛超,景希强,徐娥,等.不同深松时间与深度条件下土壤物理性状与玉米产量的相关分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013,(3):15-18.
[13]柴苗苗,韩霁昌,罗林涛,等.砒砂岩与沙混合比例及作物种植季数对复配土壤性质和作物产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(10):179-184.
[14]李文斌.掺砂和移栽处理对安康市烟区土壤生态特征的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[15]柯油松,李淑玲,吴文斌,等.掺砂对南雄牛肝土田的改良效果初报[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(5):39-41.
[16]王娜,兰建强,李晓宁,等.河沙改良土壤对烤烟生长及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(34):144-148.
[17]Niazi B H,Ahmed M,Hussain N,et al.Comparison of sand,gypsum and sulphuric acid to reclaim a dense saline sodic soil[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2001,2:34-37.
[18]Mathur O P,Mathur S K.Effect of addition of sand and gypsum to fine-textured salt-affected soil on the yield of cotton and jower(sorghum)under Rajasthan Canal Command Areacondition[J].Plant and Soil,1983,74:61-65.
[19]潘晓东,塔伊尔,贾俊平,等.复垦盐渍化弃耕地客土改良初探[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(25):13754-13755,13779.
[20]李集勤,陈俊标,彭文松,等.植烟沙泥田土掺混紫色土对土壤酶活性及理化性质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014,(5):16-22.