柑橘皮渣厌氧发酵的碱热预处理优化研究
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摘要
采用不同碱热预处理条件对柑橘皮渣进行预处理,研究对底物水解和高温厌氧发酵的促进作用。实验发现,碱热预处理柑橘皮6h比预处理12和24h更为经济可行;NaOH浓度为5.0%和7.5%处理柑橘皮6h,分别得到最高的乙醇和乙酸含量,70℃、NaOH浓度7.5%预处理后厌氧发酵得到最高产甲烷潜力为274.2mL/g VS,较对照提高20.1%;而将柑橘榨汁渣在70℃、pH值11的条件下预处理6h后厌氧发酵,得到最大的产甲烷潜力258.7mL/g VS,较对照提高39.9%,预处理后pH值为7.03,可直接用于厌氧发酵,具有实际应用的价值。
Using the citrus processing waste(citrus peel wste,citrus pressing waste)as the substrate of anaerobicdigestion is a promising alternative to the reuse of citrus processing waste.And the thermal alkaline pretreatmentcould increase the p H of the substrate,the biodegradability of cellulose materials,and the production of methane.The s CODs are decreased when the duration of pretreatment of citrus peel waste(CPW1)are increased from 6 h to24 h.The duration of 6 h is found to be the most economical one,because of the less energy input,although the VSdegradation rates are slightly lower at the NaOH loading rate of 5.0% and 7.5%(g NaOH/g VS).And at the NaOHloading rate of 5.0% and 7.5%,the highest ethanol and acetic acid are produced after the pretreatment of CPW1 for6 h.At 70 ℃ and NaOH loading rate of 7.5%(p H 11.06±0.04),the cumulative methane production is 274.2 m L/g VS,which is the highest and 20.1% higher in comparison with the untreated CPW1.The thermal alkaline pretreatmentcould also improve the anaerobic digestion of citrus pressing waste(CPW2).And the highest cumulative methaneproduction is the pretreatment at 70 ℃,p H 11,which obtains 258.7 m L/g VS,and it is 39.9% higher than theuntreated CPW2.And the p H is 7.03 after pretreatement,so it is recommended as the optimum pretreatmentcondition of CPW2,because of the highest methane production and the less chemical use.
Using the citrus processing waste(citrus peel wste,citrus pressing waste)as the substrate of anaerobicdigestion is a promising alternative to the reuse of citrus processing waste.And the thermal alkaline pretreatmentcould increase the p H of the substrate,the biodegradability of cellulose materials,and the production of methane.The s CODs are decreased when the duration of pretreatment of citrus peel waste(CPW1)are increased from 6 h to24 h.The duration of 6 h is found to be the most economical one,because of the less energy input,although the VSdegradation rates are slightly lower at the NaOH loading rate of 5.0% and 7.5%(g NaOH/g VS).And at the NaOHloading rate of 5.0% and 7.5%,the highest ethanol and acetic acid are produced after the pretreatment of CPW1 for6 h.At 70 ℃ and NaOH loading rate of 7.5%(p H 11.06±0.04),the cumulative methane production is 274.2 m L/g VS,which is the highest and 20.1% higher in comparison with the untreated CPW1.The thermal alkaline pretreatmentcould also improve the anaerobic digestion of citrus pressing waste(CPW2).And the highest cumulative methaneproduction is the pretreatment at 70 ℃,p H 11,which obtains 258.7 m L/g VS,and it is 39.9% higher than theuntreated CPW2.And the p H is 7.03 after pretreatement,so it is recommended as the optimum pretreatmentcondition of CPW2,because of the highest methane production and the less chemical use.
引文
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[21]Mizuki E,Akao T,Saruwatari T.Inhibitory effect of Citrus unshu peel on anaerobic digestion[J].Biological Wastes,1990,33(3):161-168.
[22]Chang V S,Holtzapple M T,Finkelstein M,et al.Fundamental factors affecting biomass enzymatic reactivity[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2000,84-86(1-9):5-37.
[23]Chen Y,Cheng J J,Creamer K S.Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process:A review[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(10):4044-4064.
[24]Li Huan,Li Chenchen,Liu Wenjie,et al.Optimized alkaline pretreatment of sludge before anaerobic digestion[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,123:189-194.
[25]Ariunbaatar J,Panico A,Esposito G,et al.Pretreatment methods to enhance anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste[J].Applied Energy,2014,123:143-156.
[26]Mukherjee S R,Levine A D.Chemical solubilization of particulate organics as a pretreatment approach[J].Water Science and Technology,1992,26(9-11):2289-2292.
[27]Torres M L,del C Espinosa Lloréns.Effect of alkaline pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of solid wastes[J].Waste Management,2008,28(11):2229-2234.
[2]Su Haifen,Tan Furong,Xu Yuanjian.Enhancement of biogas and methanization of citrus waste via biodegradation pretreatment and subsequent optimized fermentation[J].Fuel,2016,181:843-851.
[3]Siles J A,Argas F,Gutierrez M C,et al.Integral valorisation of waste orange peel using combustion:Biomethanisation and co-composting technologies[J].Bioresoure Technology,2016,211:173-182.
[4]Ruiz B,Flotats X.Effect of limonene on batch anaerobic digestion of citrus peel waste[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2016,109:9-18.
[5]Martin M A,Siles J A,Chica A F,et al.Biomethanization of orange peel waste[J].Bioresoure Technology,2010,101(23):8993-8999.
[6]Fagbohungbe M O,Herbert B M,Hurst L,et al.Impact of biochar on the anaerobic digestion of citrus peel waste[J].Bioresoure Technology,2016,216:142-149.
[7]Hendriks A T W M,Zeeman G.Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(1):10-18.
[8]Monlau F,Aemig Q,Barakat A,et al.Application of optimized alkaline pretreatment for enhancing the anaerobic digestion of different sunflower stalks varieties[J].Environmental Technology,2013,34(13-16):2155-2162.
[9]Xie S,Lawlor P G,Frost J P,et al.Effect of pig manure to grass silage ratio on methane production in batch anaerobic co-digestion of concentrated pig manure and grass silage[J].Bioresoure Technology,2011,102(10):5728-5733.
[10]Jard G,Dumas C,Delgenes J P,et al.Effect of thermochemical pretreatment on the solubilization and anaerobic biodegradability of the red macroalga Palmaria palmata[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2013,79:253-258.
[11]Pellera F M,Santori S,Pomi R,et al.Effect of alkaline pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of olive mill solid waste[J].Waste Management,2016,58:160-168.
[12]王殿龙,艾平,鄢烈亮,等.稀酸稀碱预处理的稻秸两步厌氧发酵性能分析[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):168-175,180.[12]Wang Dianlong,Ai Ping,Yan Lieliang,et al.Property analysis of two-step anaerobic digestion of rice straw pretreated by dilute acid and dilute alkali[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):168-175,180.
[13]Xie S,Frost J P,Lawlor P G,et al.Effects of thermochemical pre-treatment of grass silage on methane production by anaerobic digestion[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(19):8748-8755.
[14]Carlsson M,Lagerkvist A,Morgan-Sagastume F.The effects of substrate pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion systems:A review[J].Waste Management,2012,32(9):1634-1650.
[15]Zheng Yi,Zhao Jia,Xu Fuqing,et al.Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced biogas production[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2014,42:35-53.
[16]张笑,宋娜,汪群慧,等.乙醇预发酵对餐厨垃圾与酒糟混合甲烷发酵的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):257-264.[16]Zhang Xiao,Song Na,Wang Qunhui,et al.Effect of ethanol pre-fermentation on methane fermentation during anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and vinasse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(19):257-264.
[17]Tsapekos P,Kougias P G,Frison A,et al.Improving methane production from digested manure biofibers by mechanical and thermal alkaline pretreatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,216:545-552.
[18]Mendez L,Mahdy A,Timmers R A,et al.Enhancing methane production of Chlorella vulgaris via thermochemical pretreatments[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,149:136-141.
[19]李建政,任南琪,秦智,等.产酸相反应器快速启动和乙醇型发酵菌群驯化[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2002,34(5):591-594.[19]Li Jianzheng,Ren Nanqi,Qin Zhi,et al.Rapid start up of acidogenic reactor and acclimatization of dominant ethanol type fermentation population[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2002,34(5):591-594.
[20]Ruiz B,De Benito A,Rivera J D,et al.Assessment of different pre-treatment methods for the removal of limonene in citrus waste and their effect on methane potential and methane production rate[J].Waste Management&Research,2016,34(12):1249-1257.
[21]Mizuki E,Akao T,Saruwatari T.Inhibitory effect of Citrus unshu peel on anaerobic digestion[J].Biological Wastes,1990,33(3):161-168.
[22]Chang V S,Holtzapple M T,Finkelstein M,et al.Fundamental factors affecting biomass enzymatic reactivity[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2000,84-86(1-9):5-37.
[23]Chen Y,Cheng J J,Creamer K S.Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process:A review[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(10):4044-4064.
[24]Li Huan,Li Chenchen,Liu Wenjie,et al.Optimized alkaline pretreatment of sludge before anaerobic digestion[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,123:189-194.
[25]Ariunbaatar J,Panico A,Esposito G,et al.Pretreatment methods to enhance anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste[J].Applied Energy,2014,123:143-156.
[26]Mukherjee S R,Levine A D.Chemical solubilization of particulate organics as a pretreatment approach[J].Water Science and Technology,1992,26(9-11):2289-2292.
[27]Torres M L,del C Espinosa Lloréns.Effect of alkaline pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of solid wastes[J].Waste Management,2008,28(11):2229-2234.