中国滨海盐沼湿地碳收支与碳循环过程研究进展
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摘要
滨海盐沼湿地由于其较高的初级生产力和较缓慢的有机质降解速率而成为缓解全球变暖的有效蓝色碳汇,近年来引起全球范围内的热切关注。我国滨海盐沼湿地分布较广,国内学者对滨海盐沼湿地碳循环及碳收支研究取得了一定进展,深入研究滨海盐沼湿地碳循环有助于对全球碳循环及全球变化的理解,并为利用滨海湿地进行碳的增汇减排提供科学依据。主要从我国滨海盐沼湿地碳循环主要观测方法、碳收支与碳循环过程及特点、碳库的组成与影响因素、气态碳的输入输出、潮汐作用对其碳收支的影响这5个方面出发,对国内的滨海盐沼湿地碳循环与碳收支的研究进展进行了归纳总结,并对今后的研究方向给出如下建议:(1)加强滨海盐沼湿地土壤碳库在深度上和广度上的研究;(2)标准化滨海盐沼湿地碳储量、碳通量的量化方法和观测技术;(3)在研究尺度上要宏观、微观并重,同时加强长期原位监测湿地碳通量的变化与室内模拟研究;(4)量化在潮汐影响下滨海盐沼湿地碳与邻近生态系统之间的横向交换通量。只有对我国滨海盐沼湿地碳库收支进行更准确的评估和长期的碳库动态变化监测,方可进一步认识我国盐沼湿地对全球气候变化的影响及其反馈作用,这对于预测全球变化及制定湿地碳储备功能的提升策略具有重要的意义。
Due to its higher primary productivities and lower carbon decomposition rates,the coastal salt marsh can be as an efficient sink to reduce global warming by sequestering carbon.In recent years,the researches on the function of coastal salt marshes on global climate change have been paid more attention.As an important part of global carbon budget,the research on carbon cycle in the coastal salt marshes will be useful to understand the global carbon cycle and global climate change,and can also provide scientific basis for the use of the coastal salt marshes as a carbon sink to reduce carbon emission.The distribution of the Chinese coastal salt marshes is widespread,and it plays an important role in global change.In this paper,the research progresses on carbon budget and carbon cycle of the coastal salt marshes in China were analyzed and summarized from five aspects,i.e.,the observation methods of carbon cycle,processes and characteristics of carbon budget and cycle,carbon pools and their influencing factors,input and output of gaseous carbon,and the tidal effect on coastal salt marsh carbon budget.The results suggested that carbon cycle in the coastal salt marshes included outer cycle(i.e.,carbon input and output) and inner cycle(i.e.,mineralization and carbon storage).The monitoring methods for each system of the wetland carbon cycle were quite different.The common methods mainly included eddy covariance method,box method and stable isotope method.The primary way of carbon output in the coastal salt marshes was soil and plant respiration releasing CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere and it was mainly influenced by tidal and soil temperature.Vegetation and soils as the two most important carbon pools for the coastal salt marshes were mainly dependent on vegetation types,invasive alien plants,anthropogenic activities and tidal effect.Besides,tidal effect also was the main factor affecting carbon budget in the coastal salt marshes through direct physical transport.In conclusion,tidal effect was the common and dominant factor affecting both carbon cycle and budget in the coastal salt marshes.Although there have been so many researches on the biogeochemical characteristics of carbon in the coastal salt marshes,but it is deficient in accurately quantifying the carbon sequestration potential of the coastal salt marshes.Thus,there are several suggestions for the future researches on carbon budget and cycle in the coastal salt marshes put forward as follows:(1) to strengthen both the extensive and intensive researches on carbon pools in the coastal salt marshes;(2) to standard the quantization and observation methods of carbon storages and fluxes;(3) to enhance the long-term field observation and laboratory experiments;and(4) to quantify the carbon exchange fluxes between the coastal salt marshes and other adjacent ecosystems.Consequently,the more accurate assessment and long-term monitoring on carbon budget in the coastal salt marshes should be performed before the further understanding of impact of the coastal salt marshes on and its feedback roles in global climate changes,which have important significance to predicting global change and developing the promotion strategy in reserve function of wetland carbon.
Due to its higher primary productivities and lower carbon decomposition rates,the coastal salt marsh can be as an efficient sink to reduce global warming by sequestering carbon.In recent years,the researches on the function of coastal salt marshes on global climate change have been paid more attention.As an important part of global carbon budget,the research on carbon cycle in the coastal salt marshes will be useful to understand the global carbon cycle and global climate change,and can also provide scientific basis for the use of the coastal salt marshes as a carbon sink to reduce carbon emission.The distribution of the Chinese coastal salt marshes is widespread,and it plays an important role in global change.In this paper,the research progresses on carbon budget and carbon cycle of the coastal salt marshes in China were analyzed and summarized from five aspects,i.e.,the observation methods of carbon cycle,processes and characteristics of carbon budget and cycle,carbon pools and their influencing factors,input and output of gaseous carbon,and the tidal effect on coastal salt marsh carbon budget.The results suggested that carbon cycle in the coastal salt marshes included outer cycle(i.e.,carbon input and output) and inner cycle(i.e.,mineralization and carbon storage).The monitoring methods for each system of the wetland carbon cycle were quite different.The common methods mainly included eddy covariance method,box method and stable isotope method.The primary way of carbon output in the coastal salt marshes was soil and plant respiration releasing CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere and it was mainly influenced by tidal and soil temperature.Vegetation and soils as the two most important carbon pools for the coastal salt marshes were mainly dependent on vegetation types,invasive alien plants,anthropogenic activities and tidal effect.Besides,tidal effect also was the main factor affecting carbon budget in the coastal salt marshes through direct physical transport.In conclusion,tidal effect was the common and dominant factor affecting both carbon cycle and budget in the coastal salt marshes.Although there have been so many researches on the biogeochemical characteristics of carbon in the coastal salt marshes,but it is deficient in accurately quantifying the carbon sequestration potential of the coastal salt marshes.Thus,there are several suggestions for the future researches on carbon budget and cycle in the coastal salt marshes put forward as follows:(1) to strengthen both the extensive and intensive researches on carbon pools in the coastal salt marshes;(2) to standard the quantization and observation methods of carbon storages and fluxes;(3) to enhance the long-term field observation and laboratory experiments;and(4) to quantify the carbon exchange fluxes between the coastal salt marshes and other adjacent ecosystems.Consequently,the more accurate assessment and long-term monitoring on carbon budget in the coastal salt marshes should be performed before the further understanding of impact of the coastal salt marshes on and its feedback roles in global climate changes,which have important significance to predicting global change and developing the promotion strategy in reserve function of wetland carbon.
引文
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