纳米碳化钒/碳化铬的微波辅助合成及应用
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摘要
以微米级氧化钒(V_2O_5)、氧化铬(Cr_2O_3)和纳米碳黑为原料,采用机械合金化及微波辅助加热法制备了纳米碳化钒/碳化铬复合粉末。利用XRD、XPS、TG-DSC、SEM、TEM和BET对产物进行了分析表征。结果表明,纳米碳化钒/碳化铬复合粉末的最佳合成条件为:碳的质量分数为35%,反应温度为900℃,保温时间为1 h。在该条件下的反应产物主要由V_3Cr_2C_5、Cr_2VC_2和Cr_3C_2组成,颗粒为球形或类球形,分散性较好,无明显团聚现象,平均颗粒尺寸约为50 nm,复合粉末的比表面积为115.53 m~2/g。添加纳米碳化钒/碳化铬复合粉末可以提高陶瓷结合剂cBN磨具的力学性能和磨削效率,并且对磨具有减摩作用,降低磨具的损耗。
Nano-sized vanadium and chromium carbides composite powders were prepared by mechanical alloying assisted microwave heating method using micron size vanadium oxide, chromium oxide and carbon black nanoparticles as raw materials. The products were characterized by XRD, XPS, TG-DSC,SEM, TEM and BET techniques. The results showed that the optimum synthesis conditions of nano vanadium/chromium carbides composite powders were obtained as follows: mass fraction of carbon black35%, reaction temperature 900 ℃, and holding time 1 h. Under these conditions, the reaction products are mainly composed of V_3 Cr_2 C_5, Cr_2 VC_2 and Cr_3 C_2. The particles are spherical or nearly spherical with good dispersion and no obvious agglomeration. The average particle size is about 50 nm and the specific surface area is 115.53 m~2/g. The addition of nano vanadium and chromium carbides composite powders can enhance the mechanical properties and grinding efficiency of vitrified bond c BN grinding tool, which reduces the wastage of the grinding tool, and has a good friction-reducing effect.
Nano-sized vanadium and chromium carbides composite powders were prepared by mechanical alloying assisted microwave heating method using micron size vanadium oxide, chromium oxide and carbon black nanoparticles as raw materials. The products were characterized by XRD, XPS, TG-DSC,SEM, TEM and BET techniques. The results showed that the optimum synthesis conditions of nano vanadium/chromium carbides composite powders were obtained as follows: mass fraction of carbon black35%, reaction temperature 900 ℃, and holding time 1 h. Under these conditions, the reaction products are mainly composed of V_3 Cr_2 C_5, Cr_2 VC_2 and Cr_3 C_2. The particles are spherical or nearly spherical with good dispersion and no obvious agglomeration. The average particle size is about 50 nm and the specific surface area is 115.53 m~2/g. The addition of nano vanadium and chromium carbides composite powders can enhance the mechanical properties and grinding efficiency of vitrified bond c BN grinding tool, which reduces the wastage of the grinding tool, and has a good friction-reducing effect.
引文
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[25]Tang S,Liu D,Li P,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of functionally gradient cemented carbides fabricated by microwave heating nitriding sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2016,58:137-142.
[26]Zhao Z.Synthesis of V8C7-Cr3C2,nanocomposite via a novel in-situ precursor method[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2016,56:118-122.
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[2]Sun Z,Ahuja R,Lowther J E.Mechanical properties of vanadium carbide and a ternary vanadium tungsten carbide[J].Solid State Communications,2010,150(15/16):697-700.
[3]Sun J,Zhao J,Li Z,et al.Effects of initial particle size distribution and sintering parameter on microstructure and mechanical properties of functionally graded WC-TiC-VC-Cr3C2-Co hard alloys[J].Ceramics International,2017,43(2):2686-2696.
[4]Kim H C,Shon I J,Jeong I K,et al.Rapid sintering of ultra fine WCand WC-Co hard materials by high-frequency induction heated sintering and their mechanical properties[J].Metals&Materials International,2007,13(1):39-45.
[5]Wang S C,Lin H T,Nayak P K,et al.Carbothermal reduction process for synthesis of nanosized chromium carbide via metal-organic vapor deposition[J].Thin Solid Films,2010,518(24):7360-7365.
[6]Wang Xuezheng(王学政),Wang Haibin(王海滨),Liu Xuemei(刘雪梅),et al.Grain growth inhibitor on the WC-Co cemented carbide coating[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials(无机材料学报),2017,32(8):813-818.
[7]Guo W,Li K,Du Y,et al.Microstructure and composition of segregation layers at WC/Co interfaces in ultrafine-grained cemented carbides co-doped with Cr and V[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2016,58:68-73.
[8]Zhang Li(张立),Wu Chonghu(吴冲浒),Chen Shu(陈述),et al.Micro-behaviors of grain growth inhibitors in cemented carbides[J].Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy(粉末冶金材料科学与工程),2010,15(6):667-673.
[9]Zhao Z.Microwave-assisted synthesis of vanadium and chromium carbides nanocomposite and its effect on properties of WC-8Co cemented carbides[J].Scripta Materialia,2016,120:103-106.
[10]Wang X G,Liu J X,Kan Y M,et al.Effect of solid solution formation on densification of hot-pressed ZrC ceramics with MC(M=V,Nb,and Ta)additions[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2012,32(8):1795-1802.
[11]Nouvellon C,Belchi R,Libralesso L,et al.WC/C:H films synthesized by an hybrid reactive magnetron sputtering/Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition process:An alternative to Cr(VI)based hard chromium plating[J].Thin Solid Films,2017,630:79-85.
[12]Mohammadzadeh H,Rezaie H,Samim H,et al.Synthesis of WC-Ni composite powders by thermochemical processing method based on co-precipitation[J].Materials Chemistry&Physics,2015,149/150:145-155.
[13]Yang Z Z,Fu X M.Preparation technology and latest development of nano WC-Co powder[J].China Tungsten Industry,2010,25(6):35-37,40.
[14]Bao R,Yi J H,Peng Y D,et al.Decarburization and improvement of ultra fine straight WC-8Co sintered via microwave sintering[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(4):853-857.
[15]Suryanarayana C.Mechanical alloying and milling[M].New York:Marcel-Dekker,2004:331-333.
[16]Tang S,Liu D,Li P,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of functionally gradient cemented carbides fabricated by microwave heating nitriding sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2016,58:137-142.
[17]Bao R,Yi J.Densification and alloying of microwave sintering WC-8 wt.%Co composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2014,43(12):269-275.
[18]Wang Jue(王珏),Wen Zhigang(文志刚),Cao Maoqi(曹茂启).Preparation and electrochemical properties of irregular flower-like Co3O4 microspheres by microwave assisted method[J].Fine Chemicals(精细化工),2018,35(4):658-661.
[19]Bao R,Yi J,Zhang H,et al.A research on WC-8Co preparation by microwave sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2012,32(5):16-20.
[20]Laptiev A,Pakiela Z,Tolochyn O,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-40Co composite obtained by impact sintering in solid state[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2016,687:135-142.
[21]Zhang B,Li Z Q.Synthesis of vanadium carbide by mechanical alloying[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2005,392(1/2):183-186.
[22]Gomari S,Sharafi S.Microstructural characterization of nanocrystalline chromium carbides synthesized by high energy ball milling[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2010,490(1/2):26-30.
[23]Suryanarayana C.Mechanical alloying and milling[J].Progress in Materials Science,2006,46(1):1-184.
[24]Hewitt S A,Kibble K A.Effects of ball milling time on the synthesis and consolidation of nanostructured WC-Co composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2009,27(6):937-948.
[25]Tang S,Liu D,Li P,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of functionally gradient cemented carbides fabricated by microwave heating nitriding sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2016,58:137-142.
[26]Zhao Z.Synthesis of V8C7-Cr3C2,nanocomposite via a novel in-situ precursor method[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2016,56:118-122.
[27]Cheng J P,Agrawal D,Zhang Y J,et al.Fabricating transparent ceramics by microwave sintering[J].American Ceramic Society Bulletin,2000,79(9):71-74.
[28]Oye G,Sjoblom J,Stocker M.Synthesis,characterization and potential applications of new materials in the mesoporous range[J].Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2001,89/90:439-466.