不同轮伐期对巨尾桉人工林碳固存的影响
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摘要
【目的】深入探讨不同轮伐期对巨尾桉人工林碳固存的影响,为从应对全球气候变化的视角确定合理轮伐期提供理论依据。【方法】以轮伐期为短(7a)、中(13a)和长周期(21a)的巨尾桉人工林为研究对象,通过对不同轮伐期桉树林分生物量、碳固存、年平均固碳量的分析,揭示不同轮伐期对桉树林分碳固存的影响。【结果】巨尾桉人工林的生物量碳随着轮伐期的延长而逐渐增加,由7a轮伐期的(75.81±5.12)t·C/hm~2增至13a轮伐期的(180.11±19.97)t·C/hm~2以及21a轮伐期的(192.08±16.50)t·C/hm~2,方差分析表明,13a和21a轮伐期的总生物量碳显著高于7a轮伐期,而13a和21a轮伐期之间的差异不显著。巨尾桉人工林土壤有机碳随轮伐期延长而显著降低,由7a轮伐期的(89.99±0.35)t·C/hm~2、13a轮伐期的(85.42±0.76)t·C/hm~2下降到21a轮伐期的(74.64±0.24)t·C/hm~2。7~13a仍是巨尾桉人工林固碳能力迅速增长期,年平均总生物量碳由7a时的10.78t·C/(hm~2·a)迅速提高到13a的19.54t·C/(hm~2·a),增长81%;21a时巨尾桉人工林进入固碳能力下降期,年平均总生物量碳降至3.78t·C/(hm~2·a),固碳能力只是13a的19.34%。【结论】在南亚热带,巨尾桉人工林的最佳轮伐期确定在13a左右较为适宜,这与经济效益的最大化一致。
【Objective】The objective of this in-depth study was to provide theoretical foundation for confirming rational rotation length from the perspective of coping with global climate changes by investigating the effects of rotation length on carbon sequestration in Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla plantations.【Methods】The short-term(7 a),medium(13 a),and long(21 a)rotations of Eucalyptusgrandis × E.urophylla plantations were studied.Through the analysis of biomass,carbon sequestration,and annual average carbon sequestration of E.grandis×E.urophylla plantations in different rotations,the effects of different rotations oncarbon sequestration of E.grandis×E.urophyllaplantations were revealed.【Results】With the extension of the rotation period,the biomass carbon sequestration of E.grandis×E.urophylla plantations sustainably increased.The biomass carbon sequestration increased from(75.81±5.12)t·C/hm~2 in 7 ato(180.11±19.97)t·C/hm~2 in 13 a,and slightly increased to(192.08±16.50)t·C/hm~2 in 21 a.Results of ANOVA showed that the total biomass carbon sequestration of the 13 aand 21 arotations were significantly higher than the 7 arotation,while the difference between the 13 aand 21 arotations was not significant.The soil organic carbon sequestration in the Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophyllaplantations decreased significantly with the extension of the rotation period.The soil organic carbon sequestration decreased from(89.99±0.35)t·C/hm~2 in 7 aand(85.42±0.76)t·C/hm~2 in 13 ato(74.64±0.24)t·C/hm~2 in 21 a.7～13 awas still a period of rapid growth of carbon sequestration capacity of Eucalyptus grandis× E.urophylla plantations,and the annual average total biomass carbon rapidly increased from 10.78 t·C/(hm~2·a)in 7 ato 19.54 t·C/(hm~2·a)in 13 a,which increased81%.In 21 a,the Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla plantations entered a period of decline in carbon sequestration capacity,the annual average total biomass carbon fell to 3.78 t·C/(hm~2·a),and the carbon sequestration capacity was only 19.34% of 13 a.【Conclusion】In the South Asian subtropics,the rotation period of the Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla plantations was determined to be appropriate around 13 years,This was accordance with the maximum of economic benefits.
【Objective】The objective of this in-depth study was to provide theoretical foundation for confirming rational rotation length from the perspective of coping with global climate changes by investigating the effects of rotation length on carbon sequestration in Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla plantations.【Methods】The short-term(7 a),medium(13 a),and long(21 a)rotations of Eucalyptusgrandis × E.urophylla plantations were studied.Through the analysis of biomass,carbon sequestration,and annual average carbon sequestration of E.grandis×E.urophylla plantations in different rotations,the effects of different rotations oncarbon sequestration of E.grandis×E.urophyllaplantations were revealed.【Results】With the extension of the rotation period,the biomass carbon sequestration of E.grandis×E.urophylla plantations sustainably increased.The biomass carbon sequestration increased from(75.81±5.12)t·C/hm~2 in 7 ato(180.11±19.97)t·C/hm~2 in 13 a,and slightly increased to(192.08±16.50)t·C/hm~2 in 21 a.Results of ANOVA showed that the total biomass carbon sequestration of the 13 aand 21 arotations were significantly higher than the 7 arotation,while the difference between the 13 aand 21 arotations was not significant.The soil organic carbon sequestration in the Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophyllaplantations decreased significantly with the extension of the rotation period.The soil organic carbon sequestration decreased from(89.99±0.35)t·C/hm~2 in 7 aand(85.42±0.76)t·C/hm~2 in 13 ato(74.64±0.24)t·C/hm~2 in 21 a.7～13 awas still a period of rapid growth of carbon sequestration capacity of Eucalyptus grandis× E.urophylla plantations,and the annual average total biomass carbon rapidly increased from 10.78 t·C/(hm~2·a)in 7 ato 19.54 t·C/(hm~2·a)in 13 a,which increased81%.In 21 a,the Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla plantations entered a period of decline in carbon sequestration capacity,the annual average total biomass carbon fell to 3.78 t·C/(hm~2·a),and the carbon sequestration capacity was only 19.34% of 13 a.【Conclusion】In the South Asian subtropics,the rotation period of the Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla plantations was determined to be appropriate around 13 years,This was accordance with the maximum of economic benefits.
引文
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[15]刘世荣,温远光.杉木生产力生态学[M].北京:气象出版社,2005.LIU S R,WEN Y G.Productivity ecology of Chinese fir[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2005.
[16]邢玮,卜丹蓉,葛之葳,等.不同林龄杨树人工林碳储量研究[J].生态科学,2014,33(1):154-160.XING W,BU D R,GE Z W,et al.Study on carbon storage of poplar plantation at different stand ages[J].Ecological Science,2014,33(1):154-160.
[17]MING A,JIA H,ZHAO J,et al.Above-and belowground carbon stocks in an indigenous tree(Mytilaria laosensis)plantation chronosequence in subtropical China[J].PLoS One,2014,9(10):e109730.
[18]PAUL K L,POLGLASE P J,NYAKUENGAMA J G,et al.Change in soil carbon following afforestation[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2002,168(1/2/3):241-257.
[19]PELTONIEMI M,MAKIPAA R,LISKI J,et al.Changes in soil carbon with stand age-an evaluation of a modelling method with empirical data[J].Global Change Biology,2004,10:2078-2091.
[20]HOOKER T D,COMPTON J E.Forest ecosystem carbon and nitrogen accumulation during the first century after agricultural abandonment[J].Ecological Applications,2003,13(2):299-313.
[21]PREGITZER K S,EUSKIRCHEN E S.Carbon cycling and storage in world forests:Biome patterns related to forest age[J].Global Change Biology,2004,10:2052-2077.
[22]PEICHL M,ARAIN M A.Above-and belowground ecosystem biomass and carbon pools in an age-sequence of temperate pine plantation forests[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,140(1/2/3/4):51-63.
[23]RICHTER D D,MARKEWITZ D,TRUMBORE S E,et al.Rapid accumulation and turnover of soil carbon in a re-establishing forest[J].Nature,1999,400:56-58.
[24]姚利辉,康文星,赵仲辉,等.会同杉木人工林不同生长阶段植物固碳特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):1187-1197.YAO L H,KANG W X,ZHAO Z H,et al.Carbon fixed characteristics of plant of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)plantation at different growth stages in Huitong[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(4):1187-1197.
[2]曹娟,闫文德,项文化,等.湖南会同3个林龄杉木人工林土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征[J].林业科学,2015,51(7):1-8.CAO J,YAN W D,XIANG W H,et al.Stoichiometry characterization of soil C,N,and P of Chinese fir plantations at three different ages in Huitong,Hunan Province,China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2015,51(7):1-8.
[3]田晓,刘苑秋,魏晓华,等.模拟楠木杉木人工混交林不同混交比例对净生产力和碳储量的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2014,36(1):122-130.TIAN X,LIU Y Q,WEI X H,et al.Simulation of the effects of various mixing proportions on NPP and carbon storage in the mixedwood plantations of Phoebe bournei with Cunninghamia lanceolata[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2014,36(1):122-130.
[4]CAO J X,WANG X P,TIAN Y,et al.Pattern of carbon allocation across three different stages of stand development of a Chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis)forest[J].Ecological Research,2012,27:883-892.
[5]HARMON M E,MARKS B.Effects of silvicultural practices on carbon stores in Douglas-fir western hemlock forests in the Pacific Northwest,USA:Results from a simulation model[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2002,32:863-877.
[6]LI X D,YI M J,SON Y,et al.Biomass and carbon storage in an age-sequence of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)plantation forests in central Korea[J].Journal of Plant Biology,2011,54(1):33-42.
[7]DU H,ZENG F P,PENG W X,et al.Carbon storage in a Eucalyptus plantation chronosequence in Southern China[J].Forests,2015,6:1763-1778.
[8]LI X,YE D,LIANG H,et al.Effects of successive rotation regimes on carbon stocks in Eucalyptus plantations in subtropical China measured over a full rotation[J].PLoS One,2015,10(7):e0132858.
[9]NGHIEM N.Optimal rotation age for carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation in Vietnam[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2014,38:56-64.
[10]王伟峰,段玉玺,张立欣,等.不同轮伐期对杉木人工林碳固存的影响[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(7):669-678.WANG W F,DUAN Y X,ZHANG L X,et al.Effects of different rotations on carbon sequestration in Chinese fir plantations[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2016,40(7):669-678.
[11]温远光.桉树生态、社会问题与科学发展[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008.WEN Y G.Eucalyptus ecological,social issues and scientific development[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2008.
[12]张国武,罗建中,尹国平.澳大利亚·巴西桉树人工林经营特点及其启示[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(7):2965-2967.ZHANG G W,LUO J Z,YIN G P.Management feature of Eucalypt plantation in Australia and Brazil and its revelation[J].Journal of Anhui Agri Sci,2009,37(7):2965-2967.
[13]TURNBULL J W.Eucalypt plantations[M]//BOYLEJ R,WINJUM J K,KAVANAGH K,et al(eds).Planted forests:Contributions to the quest for sustainable societies.Forestry sciences,1999,56:37-52.
[14]温远光,左花,朱宏光,等.连栽对桉树人工林植被盖度、物种多样性及功能群的影响[J].广西科学,2014,21(5):463-468.WEN Y G,ZUO H,ZHU H G,et al.Effect of successive rotations on vegetation cover,species diversity and functional groups in Eucalypt plantations of South China[J].Guangxi Sciences,2014,21(5):463-468.
[15]刘世荣,温远光.杉木生产力生态学[M].北京:气象出版社,2005.LIU S R,WEN Y G.Productivity ecology of Chinese fir[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2005.
[16]邢玮,卜丹蓉,葛之葳,等.不同林龄杨树人工林碳储量研究[J].生态科学,2014,33(1):154-160.XING W,BU D R,GE Z W,et al.Study on carbon storage of poplar plantation at different stand ages[J].Ecological Science,2014,33(1):154-160.
[17]MING A,JIA H,ZHAO J,et al.Above-and belowground carbon stocks in an indigenous tree(Mytilaria laosensis)plantation chronosequence in subtropical China[J].PLoS One,2014,9(10):e109730.
[18]PAUL K L,POLGLASE P J,NYAKUENGAMA J G,et al.Change in soil carbon following afforestation[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2002,168(1/2/3):241-257.
[19]PELTONIEMI M,MAKIPAA R,LISKI J,et al.Changes in soil carbon with stand age-an evaluation of a modelling method with empirical data[J].Global Change Biology,2004,10:2078-2091.
[20]HOOKER T D,COMPTON J E.Forest ecosystem carbon and nitrogen accumulation during the first century after agricultural abandonment[J].Ecological Applications,2003,13(2):299-313.
[21]PREGITZER K S,EUSKIRCHEN E S.Carbon cycling and storage in world forests:Biome patterns related to forest age[J].Global Change Biology,2004,10:2052-2077.
[22]PEICHL M,ARAIN M A.Above-and belowground ecosystem biomass and carbon pools in an age-sequence of temperate pine plantation forests[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,140(1/2/3/4):51-63.
[23]RICHTER D D,MARKEWITZ D,TRUMBORE S E,et al.Rapid accumulation and turnover of soil carbon in a re-establishing forest[J].Nature,1999,400:56-58.
[24]姚利辉,康文星,赵仲辉,等.会同杉木人工林不同生长阶段植物固碳特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):1187-1197.YAO L H,KANG W X,ZHAO Z H,et al.Carbon fixed characteristics of plant of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)plantation at different growth stages in Huitong[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(4):1187-1197.