研发投入、环境管制与中国碳排放强度
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摘要
基于联立方程模型,运用1997—2016年相关数据,研究了我国研发投入、环境管制对碳排放强度的影响问题。实证结果表明:研发投入在推动低碳技术进步的同时显著降低了碳排放强度;研发投入对环境管制有反向影响,但这种影响十分有限,进一步对碳排放强度的影响可以忽略;环境管制加强会阻碍外资进入,主要体现在流向高污染产业的外资,"污染避难所"效应在我国存在;环境管制加强对促进外资保护我国环境方面发挥了重要作用,同时促进了企业对研发投入的加大,是降低碳排放强度的关键。
Based on simultaneous equation model,the relevant data from 1997 to 2016 in China were used to study the impact of China's R&D investment and environmental regulations on carbon intensity.The empirical results showed that R&D investment significantly reduced the carbon emission intensity while promoting the low-carbon technological progress.R&D investment had a negative impact on environmental control but this effect was limited.Besides,the further impact of R&D investment on carbon emissions intensity could be ignored.The strengthening of regulations would hinder the entry of foreign capital,but the main industry that the foreign capital flows into was high-pollution and high-emission industry.The"pollution shelter"effect existed in China.Environmental regulation played an important role in protecting the environment for foreign investment.At the meanwhile,it promoted the company to increase investment in R&D,which was the key to reducing carbon emission intensity.
Based on simultaneous equation model,the relevant data from 1997 to 2016 in China were used to study the impact of China's R&D investment and environmental regulations on carbon intensity.The empirical results showed that R&D investment significantly reduced the carbon emission intensity while promoting the low-carbon technological progress.R&D investment had a negative impact on environmental control but this effect was limited.Besides,the further impact of R&D investment on carbon emissions intensity could be ignored.The strengthening of regulations would hinder the entry of foreign capital,but the main industry that the foreign capital flows into was high-pollution and high-emission industry.The"pollution shelter"effect existed in China.Environmental regulation played an important role in protecting the environment for foreign investment.At the meanwhile,it promoted the company to increase investment in R&D,which was the key to reducing carbon emission intensity.
引文
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[3]陆文聪,李元龙.中国工业减排的驱动因素研究:基于LMDI的实证分析[J].统计与信息论坛,2010,(10)∶49-54.
[4]张翠菊,张宗益.能源禀赋与技术进步对中国碳排放强度的空间效应[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(9)∶37-43.
[5]李小胜,张焕明.中国碳排放效率与全要素生产率研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2016,(8)∶64-79,161.
[6]张中元,赵国庆.FDI、环境规制与技术进步——基于中国省级数据的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012,(4)∶19-32.
[7]刘传江,胡威,吴晗晗.环境规制、经济增长与地区碳生产率[J].财经问题研究,2015,(10)∶31-37.
[8]Porter ME.America's Green Strategy[J].Scientific American,1991,(4)∶142-153.
[9]孙建.中国技术创新碳减排效应研究——基于内生结构突变模型的分析[J].统计与信息论坛,2015,(2)∶23-27.
[10]焦建玲,蒋桂莉,白羽.省际R&D技术溢出对碳排放的影响[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2018,(2)∶32-41.
[11]张宇,蒋殿春.FDI、政府监管与中国水污染——基于产业结构与技术进步分解指标的实证检验[J].经济学(季刊),2014,(2)∶491-514.
[12]He J.Pollution Haven Hypothesis and Environmental Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment:The Case of Industrial Emission of Sulfur Dioxide(SO2)in Chinese[J].Ecological Economics,2006,60(1)∶228-245.
[13]郭红燕,韩立岩.外商直接投资、环境管制与环境污染[J].国际贸易问题,2008,(8)∶111-118.
[14]张宇,蒋殿春.FDI、环境监管与工业大气污染——基于产业结构与技术进步分解指标的实证检验[J].国际贸易问题,2013,(7)∶102-118.
[15]杨仕辉,魏守道.企业环境研发、产品差异化与政府环境管制[J].中国管理科学,2016,(1)∶159-168.
[16]Selden T M,Song D. Neoclassical Growth,the J Curve for Abatement,and the Inverted U Curve for Pollution[J].Environment Economics and Management,1995,(2)∶141-158.
[17]陈诗一.能源消耗、CO2排放与中国工业的可持续发展[J].经济研究,2009,(4)∶41-55.
[18]曾贤刚.环境规制、外商直接投资与污染避难所假说——基于中国30个省份面板数据的实证研究[J].经济理论与经济管理,2010,(11)∶65-71.
[19]Sonia B K,Natalia Z.The Pollution Haven Hypothesis:A Geographic Economy Model in a Comparative Study[Z]. CES Working Papers,2008.
[20]单豪杰.中国资本存量K的再估算:1952—2006年[J].数量经济技术经济研究2008,(10)∶17-31.
[21]樊纲.中国市场化指数各地区市场化相对进程2011年报告[R].2011.