我国普遍推行垃圾分类制度面临的问题与对策分析
|
摘要
普遍推行生活垃圾分类制度关系居民生活环境改善与美丽中国建设。近20年来,全国各地开展了大量的垃圾分类试点示范和实践探索,但管理成效仍不理想,居民垃圾分类参与率仍较低,垃圾减量化没有取得实质性进展。首先,以厦门市为例,对我国生活垃圾分类工作的主要做法及典型经验进行了梳理总结;在此基础上,剖析了现阶段全面推行垃圾分类制度面临的主要问题。最后,提出了相应的对策建议:加强垃圾分类顶层设计,推行因地制宜的分类模式;建立垃圾分类和资源回收协调管理机制;综合运用经济手段和法律手段,强化居民、企业等相关主体责任;完善配套法律法规、标准体系,推进我国生活垃圾分类从制度化向精细化、规范化、法制化迈进等,以加快构建具有中国特色、符合中国国情的生活垃圾分类与资源回收模式。
The general implementation of the domestic waste separation is related to the improvement of residents' living environment and the construction of beautiful China. In the past 20 years, a large number of pilot demonstrations and practical explorations on waste sorting have been carried out all over China. However, the management effectiveness is still not satisfactory, the classification participation rate is still low, and the waste reduction has not made substantial progress. First, taking Xiamen City as an example, the main practices and typical experiences of domestic waste separation work are summarized.On this basis, the main problems faced in the implementation of waste classification at this stage are analyzed. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows: to strengthen the top design of waste classification, promote the classification mode according to local conditions; to establish a coordinated management mechanism for waste separation and recycling; to strengthen the responsibility of relative subjects such as residents and enterprises relying on economic and legal means; to improve supporting laws, regulations and standards, and promote the classification of domestic waste in China from institutionalization to refinement, standardization and legalization, so as to accelerate the construction of the domestic waste classification and resource recycling mode with Chinese characteristics and in line with China's national conditions.
The general implementation of the domestic waste separation is related to the improvement of residents' living environment and the construction of beautiful China. In the past 20 years, a large number of pilot demonstrations and practical explorations on waste sorting have been carried out all over China. However, the management effectiveness is still not satisfactory, the classification participation rate is still low, and the waste reduction has not made substantial progress. First, taking Xiamen City as an example, the main practices and typical experiences of domestic waste separation work are summarized.On this basis, the main problems faced in the implementation of waste classification at this stage are analyzed. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows: to strengthen the top design of waste classification, promote the classification mode according to local conditions; to establish a coordinated management mechanism for waste separation and recycling; to strengthen the responsibility of relative subjects such as residents and enterprises relying on economic and legal means; to improve supporting laws, regulations and standards, and promote the classification of domestic waste in China from institutionalization to refinement, standardization and legalization, so as to accelerate the construction of the domestic waste classification and resource recycling mode with Chinese characteristics and in line with China's national conditions.
引文
[1]王金翎.我国将全面推行生活垃圾强制分类[J].生态经济,2017(6):10-13.
[2]四十六城市启动垃圾分类[J].环境保护,2017(23):6.
[3]陈泥.厦门2017年财政投入5.32亿元助推垃圾分类工作[EB/OL].(2017-12-08).http://news.xmnn.cn/xmnn/2017/12/08/100288311.shtml.
[4]王毅琪,陈灏,赵玉柱,等.台北生活垃圾分类收集管理探讨及其对大陆地区的启示[J].环境卫生工程,2015(4):71-74.
[5]杨帆,邵超峰,鞠美庭.城市垃圾分类的国外经验[J].生态经济,2016(11):2-5.
[6]马本,杜倩倩.中国城市生活垃圾收费方式的比较研究[J]中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2011(5):7-14.
[7]苏州市政府.苏州市市区生活垃圾处理费征管办法(苏府[2007]65号)[EB/OL].(2007-09-19).http://www.cn-hw net/html/14/200709/4259.html.
[8]周汉城.我国再生资源回收行业税收政策剖析[J].再生资源与循环经济,2014(3):18-20.
[9]周素文.德国城市生活垃圾管理现状及启示[J].环境科技,2011(S1):91-94.
[2]四十六城市启动垃圾分类[J].环境保护,2017(23):6.
[3]陈泥.厦门2017年财政投入5.32亿元助推垃圾分类工作[EB/OL].(2017-12-08).http://news.xmnn.cn/xmnn/2017/12/08/100288311.shtml.
[4]王毅琪,陈灏,赵玉柱,等.台北生活垃圾分类收集管理探讨及其对大陆地区的启示[J].环境卫生工程,2015(4):71-74.
[5]杨帆,邵超峰,鞠美庭.城市垃圾分类的国外经验[J].生态经济,2016(11):2-5.
[6]马本,杜倩倩.中国城市生活垃圾收费方式的比较研究[J]中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2011(5):7-14.
[7]苏州市政府.苏州市市区生活垃圾处理费征管办法(苏府[2007]65号)[EB/OL].(2007-09-19).http://www.cn-hw net/html/14/200709/4259.html.
[8]周汉城.我国再生资源回收行业税收政策剖析[J].再生资源与循环经济,2014(3):18-20.
[9]周素文.德国城市生活垃圾管理现状及启示[J].环境科技,2011(S1):91-94.