北方低温条件下沼渣资源化培育佛甲草的应用研究
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摘要
为克服厌氧发酵沼渣中碳氮磷比严重失调、可生化性差、总氮和总磷浓度高等难以直接资源化利用的难题,同时为北方秋冬季节低温条件下海绵城市建设过程中推广绿色屋顶提供技术支撑,通过调节基质中本地砂质壤土与厌氧发酵沼渣的比例,在北方秋冬季节室外培育佛甲草并研究其生长状态。结果表明:沼渣显著降低了基质的容重,减轻了屋顶的承受负荷;增大了基质的孔隙度,更适宜佛甲草根系下扎生长。基质中添加沼渣改善了低温条件下佛甲草的生长状况,增加了佛甲草的株高和覆盖度,提高了其分蘖能力及叶绿素总量;品质评价得分均高于6分,表明佛甲草的生长基本正常;低温条件下,沼渣和砂质壤土按4∶5混配后的基质培育出的佛甲草综合品质最优。
In order to overcome the difficulties of direct resource utilization resulted from the C/N/P ratio imbalance, poor biochemical degradability and high concentration of TN and TP in anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, and to provide technical support for promoting green roof in the sponge city construction under low temperature environment in northern China, the proportion of sandy soil and biogas residue in the substrate was adjusted to cultivate Sedum lineare Thunb and the growth state observed. The experimental result indicated that the biogas residue reduced the bulk density, lightened the roof loads, increased the porosity of matrix and improved root penetration of Sedum lineare Thunb. In addition, the biogas residue promoted Sedum lineare Thunb growth under low temperature, increased height, coverage, tillering ability and chlorophyll content. The average quality assessment scores were all higher than 6, showing that Sedum lineare Thunb grew normally basically. The best comprehensive quality of Sedum lineare Thunb was reached when the biogas residue to sandy soil ratio for the substrate was 4 ∶ 5 under medium and low temperatures.
In order to overcome the difficulties of direct resource utilization resulted from the C/N/P ratio imbalance, poor biochemical degradability and high concentration of TN and TP in anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, and to provide technical support for promoting green roof in the sponge city construction under low temperature environment in northern China, the proportion of sandy soil and biogas residue in the substrate was adjusted to cultivate Sedum lineare Thunb and the growth state observed. The experimental result indicated that the biogas residue reduced the bulk density, lightened the roof loads, increased the porosity of matrix and improved root penetration of Sedum lineare Thunb. In addition, the biogas residue promoted Sedum lineare Thunb growth under low temperature, increased height, coverage, tillering ability and chlorophyll content. The average quality assessment scores were all higher than 6, showing that Sedum lineare Thunb grew normally basically. The best comprehensive quality of Sedum lineare Thunb was reached when the biogas residue to sandy soil ratio for the substrate was 4 ∶ 5 under medium and low temperatures.
引文
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[31] CAO C T N,FARRELL C,KRISTIANSEN P E,et al. Biochar makes green roof substrates lighter and improves water supply to plants[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014,71:368-374.
[32]王璐珺,丁彦芬.南京冬季室外自然低温对4种景天属植物生理的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(22):146-149.WANG L J,DING Y F. Effects of natural low temperature on physiology of four species of sedum in Nanjing in winter[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(22):146-149.
[33]郑东虎,王兴国.电导法在植物抗寒性研究中的应用[J].延边大学农学学报,1998(2):73-77.ZHENG D H,WANG X G. The uses of electronic conductivity in chilling resistance of plants[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science Yanbian University,1998(2):73-77.
[34] GETTER K L,ROWE D B. Media depth influences Sedum green roof establishment[J]. Urban Ecosystems,2008,11(4):361-372.
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[38]刘爱荣,张元兵,谭志静,等.模拟干旱对佛甲草生长和渗透调节物质积累的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):156-162.LIU A R,ZHANG Y B,TAN Z J,et al. Effect of drought stress using PEG-6000 on the growth and osmotica of Sedum lineare[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(3):156-162.
[39]黄持都,胡小松,廖小军,等.叶绿素研究进展[J].中国食品添加剂,2007,23(3):114-118.HUANG C D,HU X S,LIAO X J,et al. The advancement of chlorophyll[J]. China Food Additives,2007,23(3):114-118.
[40]李玲,杨柳青,谢彬.佛甲草对两种灰水胁迫的生理响应[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(6):29-39.LI L,YANG L Q,XIE B. Study on physiological response of sedum lineare under two kinds of gray water stress[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2016,36(6):29-39.
[41] BARTEL T W,YANIV S L. Creep and creep recovery response of load cells tested according to U. S. and international evaluation procedures[J]. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards&Technology,1997,102(3):176.
[42]李可,唐立鸿,曹芳怡,等.不同基质对针叶佛甲草生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(30):26-28.LI K,TANG L H,CAO F Y,et al. Influence of different substrates on growth of sedum lineare[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(30):26-28.
[2]国家发展和改革委员会,农业部.全国农村沼气发展“十三五”规划(发改农经[2017]178号)[A].北京:国家发展和改革委员会,2017.
[3]葛振,魏源送,刘建伟.沼渣特性及其资源化利用探究[J].中国沼气,2014,32(3):74-82.GE Z,WEI Y S,LIU J W. Characteristics of digestate and utilization:an overview[J]. China Biogas,2014,32(3):74-82.
[4]白晓凤.基于营养物质高效回收的沼液资源化处理技术研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2017.BAI X F. Recycling technologies based on efficient nutrient recovery of liquid digestate[D]. Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2017.
[5] SPYRIDON A,VASILEIOS A,GERRIT J,et al. A technological overview of biogas production from biowaste[J]. Engineering,2017,3(3):299-307.
[6] BENGTSSON L. Peak flows from thin sedum-moss roof[J].Nordic Hydrology,2005,36:269-280.
[7] YANG W Y,LI D,SUN T,et al. Saturation-excess and infiltration-excess runoff on green roofs[J]. Ecological Engineering,2015,74:327-336.
[8]王浩,梅超,刘家宏.海绵城市系统构建模式[J].水利学报,2017,48(9):1009-1022.WANG H,MEI C,LIU J H. Systematic construction pattern of the sponge city[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(9):1009-1022.
[9]刘家宏,王浩,高学睿.城市水文学研究综述[J].科学通报,2014,59(36):3581-3590.LIU J H,WANG H,GAO X R. Review on urban hydrology[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2014,59(36):3581-3590.
[10] XIA J,ZHANG Y Y,XIONG L H,et al. Opportunities and challenges of the sponge city construction related to urban water issues in China[J]. Science China:Earth Sciences,2017,60(4):1-7.
[11] LIU J H,XIANG C Y,SHAO W W,et al. Sponge city construction in Xiamen,China[J]. Hydrolink,2016(4):103-105.
[12] WANG Y,SUN M,SONG B. Public perceptions of and willingness to pay for sponge city initiatives in China[J].Resources Conservation&Recycling,2017,122:11-20.
[13]张建云,王银堂,胡庆芳,等.海绵城市建设有关问题讨论[J].水科学进展,2016,27(6):793-799.ZHANG J Y,WANG Y T,HU Q F,et al. Discussion and views on some issues of the sponage city construction in China[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(6):793-799.
[14] PALLA A,GNECCO I,LANZA L G. Unsaturated 2D modelling of subsurface water flow in the coarse-grained porous matrix of a green roof[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2009,379(1):193-204.
[15] DIMOUDI A,NIKOLOPOULOU M. Vegetation in the urban environment:microclimatic analysis and benefits[J]. Energy Build,2003,35:69-76.
[16] WONG N H,CHEN Y,YONG C L,et al. Investigation of thermal benefits of rooftop garden in the tropical environment[J].Building and Environment,2003,38:261-270.
[17] CHRIS K,MA Z,JAN C M. Infrastructure for China’s ecologically balanced civilization[J]. Engineering,2016,2(4):414-425.
[18] CARTER T L,RASMUSSEN T C. Hydrologic behavior of vegetated roofs[J]. Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2006,42(5):1261-1274.
[19] BERNDTSSON J C. Green roof performance towards management of runoff water quantity and quality:a review[J]. Ecological Engineering,2010,36(4):351-360.
[20] BERNDTSSON J C,BENGTSSON L,JINNO K. Runoff water quality from intensive and extensive vegetated roofs[J].Ecological Engineering,2009,35:369-380.
[21] VOYDE E,FASSMAN E,SIMCOCK R. Hydrology of an extensive living roof under subtropical climate conditions in Auckland,New Zealand[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2010,394:384-395.
[22]邓陈宁,李家科,李怀恩.城市雨洪管理中绿色屋顶研究与应用进展[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(3):141-150.DENG C N,LI J K,LI H E. Research advances in application of green roof to management of urban storm-water runoff[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2018,41(3):141-150.
[23]周林园,狄育慧.绿色屋顶的研究现状及前景分析[J].洁净与空调技术,2013(3):49-54.ZHOU L Y,DI Y H. Present research situation and prospect analysis of green roofs[J]. Contamination Control&AirConditioning Technology,2013(3):49-54.
[24]彭跃暖,秦华鹏,王传胜.蓄水层设置与植物选择对绿色屋顶蒸散发的影响[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(4):758-764.PENG Y N,QIN H P,WANG C S. Effects of storage layer and plant selection on the evapotranspiration of green roofs[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2017,53(4):758-764.
[25]黄青青,高松,倪荣伟,等.绿色屋顶中常用的四种景天科植物的抗酸性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015(4):11-14.HUANG Q Q,GAO S,NI R W,et al. Study on acid resistance of four species of crassulaceae plants commonly used in green roof[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2015(4):11-14.
[26]米家杉,邓云,刘瑞芬,等.拓展型绿色屋顶热效应实验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2013(增刊2):20-26.MI J S,DENG Y,LIU R F,et al. Experimental study of the thermal performance of extensive green roofs[J]. Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2013(Suppl2):20-26.
[27] SAYED O H. Crassulacean acid metabolism 1975-2000,a check list[J]. Photosynthetica,2001,39(3):339-352.
[28] FARRELL C,MITCHELL R E,SZOTA C,et al. Green roofs for hot and dry climates:interacting effects of plant water use,succulence and substrate[J]. Ecological Engineering,2012,49(4):270-276.
[29]李丙贵,刘林翰.湖南植物志[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2010.
[30]张志飞,向佐湘,杨知建,等.佛甲草的栽培管理技术[J].四川草原,2005(2):60-61.ZHANG Z F,XIANG Z X,YANG Z J,et al. The culture and mamenger techniques of Sedum lineare Thunb[J]. Journal of Sichuan Grassland,2005(2):60-61.
[31] CAO C T N,FARRELL C,KRISTIANSEN P E,et al. Biochar makes green roof substrates lighter and improves water supply to plants[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014,71:368-374.
[32]王璐珺,丁彦芬.南京冬季室外自然低温对4种景天属植物生理的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(22):146-149.WANG L J,DING Y F. Effects of natural low temperature on physiology of four species of sedum in Nanjing in winter[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(22):146-149.
[33]郑东虎,王兴国.电导法在植物抗寒性研究中的应用[J].延边大学农学学报,1998(2):73-77.ZHENG D H,WANG X G. The uses of electronic conductivity in chilling resistance of plants[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science Yanbian University,1998(2):73-77.
[34] GETTER K L,ROWE D B. Media depth influences Sedum green roof establishment[J]. Urban Ecosystems,2008,11(4):361-372.
[35]李淑英.草坪式绿化屋顶滞蓄雨水效果试验研究[D].四川:西南石油大学,2015.LI S Y. Experimental study on storage effect of lawn-type greening roof[D]. Sichuan:Southwest Petroleum University,2015.
[36]许诺,张翼维,陈善湘,等.不同基质配比对佛甲草生长的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2016(4):30-33.XU N,ZHANG Y W,CHEN S X,et al. Effects of different substrates mixture ratio on growth of sedum lineare[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2016(4):30-33.
[37]梁劲君,邓光宙,梁祖珍,等.佛甲草繁育及其屋顶绿化技术研究[J].南方园艺,2014,25(6):19-21.LIANG J J,DENG G Z,LIANG Z Z,et al. Study on the technology of the breeding of the grass and the roof greening[J].Southern Horticulture,2014,25(6):19-21.
[38]刘爱荣,张元兵,谭志静,等.模拟干旱对佛甲草生长和渗透调节物质积累的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):156-162.LIU A R,ZHANG Y B,TAN Z J,et al. Effect of drought stress using PEG-6000 on the growth and osmotica of Sedum lineare[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(3):156-162.
[39]黄持都,胡小松,廖小军,等.叶绿素研究进展[J].中国食品添加剂,2007,23(3):114-118.HUANG C D,HU X S,LIAO X J,et al. The advancement of chlorophyll[J]. China Food Additives,2007,23(3):114-118.
[40]李玲,杨柳青,谢彬.佛甲草对两种灰水胁迫的生理响应[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(6):29-39.LI L,YANG L Q,XIE B. Study on physiological response of sedum lineare under two kinds of gray water stress[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2016,36(6):29-39.
[41] BARTEL T W,YANIV S L. Creep and creep recovery response of load cells tested according to U. S. and international evaluation procedures[J]. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards&Technology,1997,102(3):176.
[42]李可,唐立鸿,曹芳怡,等.不同基质对针叶佛甲草生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(30):26-28.LI K,TANG L H,CAO F Y,et al. Influence of different substrates on growth of sedum lineare[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(30):26-28.