碳/碳复合材料旋转指尖密封性能分析
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摘要
指尖密封是近年来研究较为广泛的一种密封形式,涉及的指尖密封多与静止部件连接而呈静止状(静止指尖密封),理论与试验研究围绕着密封泄漏和磨损性能改善而开展。提出旋转指尖密封的概念和结构,并利用碳/碳复合材料的良好自润滑性能,探索这一指尖密封新结构对泄漏性能改善的可能及机理。通过"外伸式"和"内伸式"旋转指尖密封有限元性能分析模型,分析了结构、工况以及材料参数等对两种旋转指尖密封性能的影响规律,与静止指尖密封密封性能的对比表明,外伸式旋转指尖密封具有在较高转速或跳动量下仍能维持平稳低泄漏率的特质,而内伸式旋转指尖密封的泄漏率却随着转速增大而增大,因而前者对于高速工况下的航空发动机转子密封更具应用潜质。并探索了旋转指尖密封在轴间密封工程应用的可行性,有助于航空发动机轴间密封新构型设计思路开拓、以及密封结构和性能设计的技术选择。
Finger seal is widely studied in recent years, the referred finger seal is mostly installed in static component to behave stationary(static finger seal), the experimental and theoretical study is carried out in order to improve the seal leakage and wear performance. The concept of rotating finger seal is presented, the possibility and mechanism of the new structure of finger seal on leakage performance improvement by usage of the good self-lubricating property of carbon-carbon composite is explored. The finite element analysis models of outer and inner rotating finger seal are established, the effect of structural, operating and material parameters on the performance of rotating finger seal are studied, the performance comparison with static finger seal shows that the outer rotating finger seal could maintain stable low leakage rates on the condition of high speed or high radial run-out of rotor, while the leakage of inner rotating finger seal increases with increasing rotational speed, which means the outer rotating finger seal has a better potential in aero-engine rotor sealing under high speed. The study not only explores the feasibility of application of finger seal on the intershaft seal, but also contributes to the new configuration of aero-engine intershaft seal, and to the technology choices about the design of seal structure and performance.
Finger seal is widely studied in recent years, the referred finger seal is mostly installed in static component to behave stationary(static finger seal), the experimental and theoretical study is carried out in order to improve the seal leakage and wear performance. The concept of rotating finger seal is presented, the possibility and mechanism of the new structure of finger seal on leakage performance improvement by usage of the good self-lubricating property of carbon-carbon composite is explored. The finite element analysis models of outer and inner rotating finger seal are established, the effect of structural, operating and material parameters on the performance of rotating finger seal are studied, the performance comparison with static finger seal shows that the outer rotating finger seal could maintain stable low leakage rates on the condition of high speed or high radial run-out of rotor, while the leakage of inner rotating finger seal increases with increasing rotational speed, which means the outer rotating finger seal has a better potential in aero-engine rotor sealing under high speed. The study not only explores the feasibility of application of finger seal on the intershaft seal, but also contributes to the new configuration of aero-engine intershaft seal, and to the technology choices about the design of seal structure and performance.
引文
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[15]ZHANG Y C,LIU K,CUI Y H,et al.The performances optimization of finger seal based on fuzzy game theory[J].Procedia Eng.,2011,15:3450-3455.
[16]路菲,陈国定,苏华,等.2.5D碳/碳复合材料指尖密封动态性能分析[J].航空学报,2013,34(11):2616-2625.LU Fei,CHEN Guoding,SU Hua,et al.Analysis of dynamic performance for 2.5D carbon-carbon composite finger seals[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2013,34(11):2616-2625.
[17]齐放,苏华.2.5维编织C-C复合材料圆弧型线指尖密封多目标优化[J].机械制造,2013,51(8):4-8.QI Fang,SU Hua.Multi-objective optimization of 2.5Dbraided c-c composite arc finger seal[J].Machinery 2013,51(8):4-8.
[18]SU Hua,WANG Lu.Study on 2.5D C/C composite finger seal intergrate optimization combined with microstructural parameters of material and macro geometry of finger seal[J].Proc.IMechE,C:J Mechanical Engineering Science,2015:1-10.
[19]HISHAM A,ABDEL A.Division of frictional heat:the dependence on sliding parameters[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,1999,2(26):279-288.
[20]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.YANG Shiming,TAO Wenquan.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[21]顾永泉.流体动密封[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1992.GU Yongquan.Fluid dynamic seal[M]Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,1992.
[22]《中国航空材料手册》编辑委员会.中国航空材料手册(第二版)第一卷结构钢不锈钢[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.China aeronautical materials handbook editorial board.China aeronautical materials handbook volume1 structural steel&stainless steel[M].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2001.
[2]ARORA G K,PROCTOR M P,DELGADO I R.Pressure balanced,low hysteresis,finger seal test results[R].NASA TM-1999-209191,Cleveland,Ohio:NASA Glenn Research Center,1999.
[3]MARGARET P P.High-speed,high-temperature finger seal test results[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,2004,20(2):312-318.
[4]PROCTOR M P,DELGADO I R.Leakage and power loss test results for competing turbine engine seals[R].NASA TM-2004-213049,Cleveland,Ohio:NASA Glenn Research Center,2004.
[5]IREBERT R,DELGADO I R.Continued investigation of leakage and power loss test results for competing turbine engine seals[R].NASA TM-2006-214420,Cleveland,Ohio:NASA Glenn Research Center,2006.
[6]GIBSON NE,TAKEUCHI D,HYNES T,et al.Second generation air-to-air mechanical seal design and performance[C]//47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE joint propulsion conference&exhibit,San Diego,CA,31 July3-August 2011,2011:AIAA 2011-5636.
[7]INGO H J J.Design approach for maximizing contact filament seal performance retention[J].Proc.IMechE,C:J.Mechanical Engineering Science,2015,229(5):926-945.
[8]陈国定,徐华,虞烈,等.指尖密封型线力学性能的有限元分析[J].西北工业大学学报,2002,20(2):218-221.CHEN Guoding,XU Hua,YU Lie,et al.On selecting proper shape of finger seal[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2002,20(2):218-221.
[9]陈国定,徐华,虞烈,等.指尖密封的迟滞特性分析[J].机械工程学报,2003,39(5):121-124.CHEN Guoding,XU Hua,YU Lie,et al.Analysis to the hysteresis of finger seal[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2003,39(5):121-124.
[10]苏华,陈国定.指尖密封的温度场及热结构耦合分析[J].航空动力学报,2009,24(1):196-203.SU Hua,CHEN Guoding.Analysis of temperature filed and couples thermal and structure for finger seal[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24(1):196-203.
[11]苏华,陈国定.“定制”与“广义”概念下的指尖密封结构优化[J].航空学报,2007,28(6):1506-1512.SU Hua,CHEN Guoding.Structure optimization of finger seal based on conception of“customized”and“generalized”finger curves[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2007,28(6):1506-1512.
[12]李二圣,陈国定.一种低迟滞低磨损的指尖密封型线构形的研究[J]航空动力学报,2008,23(4):759-764.LI Ersheng,CHEN Guoding.Study on a new shape-curve finger seal with low-hysteresis and low-wear[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2008,23(4):759-764.
[13]张延超,陈国定,周连杰,等.指尖密封性能优化的一种新方法[J].机械工程学报,2010,6(10):156-163.ZHANG Yanchao,CHEN Guoding,ZHOU Lianjie,et al.New method for performance optimization of finger seals[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(10):156-163.
[14]宗兆科,苏华.圆弧型指尖密封的几何构型特征及结构优化[J].航空学报,2010,31(2):393-399.ZONG Zhaoke,SU Hua.Geometric feature and structure optimization of arc finger seal[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2013,31(2):393-399.
[15]ZHANG Y C,LIU K,CUI Y H,et al.The performances optimization of finger seal based on fuzzy game theory[J].Procedia Eng.,2011,15:3450-3455.
[16]路菲,陈国定,苏华,等.2.5D碳/碳复合材料指尖密封动态性能分析[J].航空学报,2013,34(11):2616-2625.LU Fei,CHEN Guoding,SU Hua,et al.Analysis of dynamic performance for 2.5D carbon-carbon composite finger seals[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2013,34(11):2616-2625.
[17]齐放,苏华.2.5维编织C-C复合材料圆弧型线指尖密封多目标优化[J].机械制造,2013,51(8):4-8.QI Fang,SU Hua.Multi-objective optimization of 2.5Dbraided c-c composite arc finger seal[J].Machinery 2013,51(8):4-8.
[18]SU Hua,WANG Lu.Study on 2.5D C/C composite finger seal intergrate optimization combined with microstructural parameters of material and macro geometry of finger seal[J].Proc.IMechE,C:J Mechanical Engineering Science,2015:1-10.
[19]HISHAM A,ABDEL A.Division of frictional heat:the dependence on sliding parameters[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,1999,2(26):279-288.
[20]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.YANG Shiming,TAO Wenquan.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[21]顾永泉.流体动密封[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1992.GU Yongquan.Fluid dynamic seal[M]Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,1992.
[22]《中国航空材料手册》编辑委员会.中国航空材料手册(第二版)第一卷结构钢不锈钢[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.China aeronautical materials handbook editorial board.China aeronautical materials handbook volume1 structural steel&stainless steel[M].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2001.