原位生长碳纳米管增强碳/碳复合材料的研究进展
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摘要
碳/碳复合材料是一种广泛应用于航空航天领域的超高温结构复合材料。在碳/碳复合材料的制备过程中,热解碳环状开裂和碳纤维/碳基体界面不佳等问题影响了其综合性能。通过在碳纤维预制体表面原位生长碳纳米管,可以有效改善界面结合,提高碳/碳复合材料的性能。但目前原位生长碳纳米管对碳纤维本身力学性能的损伤仍未解决,且碳纳米管对后续致密化过程的影响也未有统一的认识。回顾总结了碳纳米管增强碳/碳复合材料的发展现状,碳纳米管的引入对热解碳、碳/碳复合材料的力学性能和热物理性能的影响,并且对其发展前景进行了展望。
Carbon/carbon composites,as one of the high-temperature materials,were widely used in aerospace industry.During the preparation of carbon/carbon composites,matrix annular crack and poor fiber/matrix interface bonding always leaded to the undesirable performance.Grafting carbon nanotubes in carbon fiber preform was an effective method to strengthen the adhesion of interface,so improved the properties of carbon/carbon composites.However,the in-situ growth method for preparing carbon nanotubes on carbon fiber still had disadvantage of carbon fiber damage,furthermore,the influence of carbon nanotubeson the densification still need more investigations.The development of carbon nanotubes reinforce carbon/carbon composites was reviewed,the effects of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and properties were summarized,and the future development of carbon nanotubes-carbon/carbon composites was put forward.
Carbon/carbon composites,as one of the high-temperature materials,were widely used in aerospace industry.During the preparation of carbon/carbon composites,matrix annular crack and poor fiber/matrix interface bonding always leaded to the undesirable performance.Grafting carbon nanotubes in carbon fiber preform was an effective method to strengthen the adhesion of interface,so improved the properties of carbon/carbon composites.However,the in-situ growth method for preparing carbon nanotubes on carbon fiber still had disadvantage of carbon fiber damage,furthermore,the influence of carbon nanotubeson the densification still need more investigations.The development of carbon nanotubes reinforce carbon/carbon composites was reviewed,the effects of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and properties were summarized,and the future development of carbon nanotubes-carbon/carbon composites was put forward.
引文
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[2]黄先亮.炭素技术的应用现状及发展[J].炭素技术,2013,32(1):25-30.
[3]嵆阿琳,李贺军,崔红.针刺炭纤维预制体的发展与应用[J].炭素技术,2010,29(3):23-27.
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[5]于守泉,张伟刚.热处理温度对热解炭及炭/炭复合材料力学性能的影响[J].无机材料学报,2010,25(3):315-320.
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[7]陈卫祥,陈文录,徐铸德.碳纳米管的特性及其高性能的复合材料[J].复合材料学报,2001,18(4):1-5.
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[9]Hatta H,Goto K,Aoki T.Strength of C/C composites under tensile,shear,and compressive loading:role of interfacial shear strength[J].Composites Science and Technology,2005,65(15/16):2550-2562.
[10]Zhang G,Sun S,Yang D,et al.The surface analytical characterization of carbon fibers functionalized by H2SO4/HNO3treatment[J].Carbon,2008,46(2):196-205.
[11]王占锋,廖寄乔,周建伟.KOH-浸渍-还原法在炭纤维表面制备不同金属纳米催化剂涂层及其应用[J].炭素,2007(2):43-47.
[12]Li J S,Luo R Y.Study of the mechanical properties of carbon nanofiber reinforced carbon/carbon composites[J].Composites:Part A,2008,39(11):1700-1704.
[13]Song Q,Li K Z,Zhang L L,et al.Increasing mechanical strength retention rate of carbon/carbon composites after graphitization by grafting straight carb nanotubes radially on carbon fibers[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,560(1):831-836.
[14]周建伟,廖寄乔,王占锋.原位生长碳纳米管对炭/炭复合材料导热性能的影响[J].中国有色合金学报,2008,18(3):383-378.
[15]Sawi A.Carbon nanotube reinforced composites:Potential and current challenges[J].Materials and Design,2007,28(9):2394-2401.
[16]Chou T W,Cao L M,Thostenson E T,et al.An assessment of the science and technology of carbon nanotubebased fibers and composites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2010,70(1):1-19.
[17]Yang W,Luo R,Hou Z,et al.A novel preparation and properties of in-situ grown carbon nanotube reinforced carbon/carbon composites[J].Vacuum,2016,132:95-105.
[18]Qian H,Greenhalgh E S,Shaffer M S P,et al.Carbon nanotube-based hierarchical composites:A review[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2010,20(23):4729-4956.
[19]Spitalsky Z,Tasis D,Papagelis K.Carbon-nanotubepolymer composites:Chemistry,processing,mechanical and electrical properties[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2010,35(3):357-401.
[20]李克智,宋强,武立言,等.碳纳米管含量对炭炭复合材料组织及力学性能的影响[J].无机化学学报,2011,27(5):1001-1007.
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[22]Thostenson E T,Li W Z,Wang D Z,et al.Carbon nanotube-carbon fiber hybrid multiscale composites[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2002,92(9):6034-6037.
[23]Qian H,Bismarck A,Greenhalgh E S,et al.Hierarchical composites reinforced with carbon nanotube grafted fibers:potential assessed at the single fiber level[J].Chemistry of Materials,2008,20(6):1862-1869.
[24]Wirth C T,Bayer B C,Gamalski A D,et al.The phase of iron catalyst nanoparticles during carbon nanotube growth[J].Chemistry of Materials,2012,24(24):4633-4640.
[25]Xiao P,Lu X F,Liu Y,et al.Effect of in situ grown carbon nanotubes on the structure and mechanical properties of unidirectional carbon/carbon composites[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,528(7):3056-3061.
[26]Lee C J,Park J.Growth model of bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition[J].Applied Physics Letters,2000,77(21):3397-3399.
[27]Ombaka L M,Ndungu P G,Nyamori V O.Tuning the nitrogen content and surface properties of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes synthesized using a nitrogen-containing ferrocenyl derivative and ethylbenzoate[J].Journal of Materials Science,2015,50(3):1-14.
[28]Alsawat M,Altalhi T,Santos A,et al.Facile and controllable route for nitrogen doping of carbon nanotubes composite membranes by catalyst-free chemical vapour deposition[J].Carbon,2016,106:295-305.
[29]Ombaka L M,Ndungu P G,Omondi B,et al.A facileapproach towards increasing the nitrogen-content in nitrogendoped carbon nanotubes via halogenated catalysts[J].Journal of Solid State Chemistry,2016,235:202-211.
[30]Li Y Y,Guo L J,Wang Y W,et al.A novel multiscale reinforcement by in-situ growing carbon nanotubes on graphene oxide grafted carbon fibers and its reinforced carbon/carbon composites with improved tensile properties[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,2016,32(5):419-424.
[31]Gao B,Zhang R,He M,et al.Effect of a multiscale reinforcement by carbon fiber surface treatment with graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of reinforced carbon/carbon composites[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2016,90:433-440.
[32]Lee E S,Lee C H,Chun Y S,et al.Effect of hydrogen plasma-mediated surface modification of carbon fibers on the mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetherimide composites[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2017,116:451-458.
[33]Zhao J G,Liu L,Guo Q.Growth of carbon nanotubes on the surface of carbon fibers[J].Carbon,2008,46:380-383.
[34]Resende V G D,Antunes F E,Lobo A D O,et al.Growth of carbon nanotube forests on carbon fiber with an amorphous silicon interface[J].Carbon,2010,48(12):3655-3658.
[35]Delmas M,Pinault M,Patel S,et al.Growth of long and aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes on carbon and metal substrates[J]. Nanotechnology,2012,23(10):105604.
[36]Kothari A K,Jian K,Rankin J,et al.Comparison between carbon nanotube and carbon nanofiber reinforcements in amorphous silicon nitride coatings[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2008,91(8):2743-2746.
[37]范汶鑫,王延相,陈纪强,等.碳纤维表面生长碳纳米管及其增强复合材料性能的研究[J].功能材料,2015,46(20):20097-20101.
[38]Gong Q,Li Z,Bai X,et al.The effect of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and morphology of pyrolytic carbon matrices of C-C composites obtained by CVI[J].Composites Science and Technology,2005,65(7):1112-1119.
[39]Allouche H,Monthioux M,Jacobsen R.Chemical vapor deposition of pyrolytic carbon on carbon nanotubes.Part1.Synthesis and morphology[J].Carbon,2003,41:2897-2912.
[40]Allouche H,Monthioux M,Jacobsen R.Chemical vapor deposition of pyrolytic carbon on carbon nanotubes Part2.Texture and structure[J].Carbon,2005,43:1265-1278.
[41]Song Q,Li K Z,Li H J,et al.A novel method to fabricate isotropic pyrocarbon by densifying a muli-walled carbon nanotube preform by fixed-bed chemical vapor deposition[J].Carbon,2013,59:547-550.
[42]宋强.原位生长CNT掺杂碳/碳复合材料的组织和力学性能[D].西安:西北工业大学,2014.
[43]Shen Q L,Li H J,Li W,et al.Realizing the synergy of carbon nanotubes and matrix microstructure for improved flexural behavior of laminated carbon/carbon composites[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,738:49-55.
[44]Li K Z,Song Q,Wu L Y,et al.Influence of carbon nanotube content on microstructures and mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites[J].Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,2011,27(5):1001-1007.
[45]文诗琦.碳纳米管改性碳/碳复合材料组织及性能研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2015.
[46]王朋远,张明瑜,王丽平,等.原位气相生长碳纳米纤维改性炭/炭复合材料研究[J].炭素技术,2017,36(3):9-15.
[47]Gong Q M,Li Z,Zhou X W,et al.Synthesis and characterization of in situ grown carbon nanofiber/nanotube reinforced carbon/carbon composites[J].Carbon,2005,43(11):2426-2429.
[48]周建伟.炭纤维表面原位生长碳纳米管对C/C复合材料结构和热物性的影响[D].长沙:中南大学,2008.
[2]黄先亮.炭素技术的应用现状及发展[J].炭素技术,2013,32(1):25-30.
[3]嵆阿琳,李贺军,崔红.针刺炭纤维预制体的发展与应用[J].炭素技术,2010,29(3):23-27.
[4]Oh S M,Lee J Y.Effects of matrix structure on mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites[J].Carbon,1988,26(6):769-776.
[5]于守泉,张伟刚.热处理温度对热解炭及炭/炭复合材料力学性能的影响[J].无机材料学报,2010,25(3):315-320.
[6]Fitzer E,Huttner W.Structure and strength of carbon/carbon composites[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1981,14(3):347.
[7]陈卫祥,陈文录,徐铸德.碳纳米管的特性及其高性能的复合材料[J].复合材料学报,2001,18(4):1-5.
[8]He X D,Wang C,Tong L,et al.Direct measurement of grafting strength between an individual carbon nanotube and a carbon fiber[J].Carbon,2012,50(10):3782-3788.
[9]Hatta H,Goto K,Aoki T.Strength of C/C composites under tensile,shear,and compressive loading:role of interfacial shear strength[J].Composites Science and Technology,2005,65(15/16):2550-2562.
[10]Zhang G,Sun S,Yang D,et al.The surface analytical characterization of carbon fibers functionalized by H2SO4/HNO3treatment[J].Carbon,2008,46(2):196-205.
[11]王占锋,廖寄乔,周建伟.KOH-浸渍-还原法在炭纤维表面制备不同金属纳米催化剂涂层及其应用[J].炭素,2007(2):43-47.
[12]Li J S,Luo R Y.Study of the mechanical properties of carbon nanofiber reinforced carbon/carbon composites[J].Composites:Part A,2008,39(11):1700-1704.
[13]Song Q,Li K Z,Zhang L L,et al.Increasing mechanical strength retention rate of carbon/carbon composites after graphitization by grafting straight carb nanotubes radially on carbon fibers[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,560(1):831-836.
[14]周建伟,廖寄乔,王占锋.原位生长碳纳米管对炭/炭复合材料导热性能的影响[J].中国有色合金学报,2008,18(3):383-378.
[15]Sawi A.Carbon nanotube reinforced composites:Potential and current challenges[J].Materials and Design,2007,28(9):2394-2401.
[16]Chou T W,Cao L M,Thostenson E T,et al.An assessment of the science and technology of carbon nanotubebased fibers and composites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2010,70(1):1-19.
[17]Yang W,Luo R,Hou Z,et al.A novel preparation and properties of in-situ grown carbon nanotube reinforced carbon/carbon composites[J].Vacuum,2016,132:95-105.
[18]Qian H,Greenhalgh E S,Shaffer M S P,et al.Carbon nanotube-based hierarchical composites:A review[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2010,20(23):4729-4956.
[19]Spitalsky Z,Tasis D,Papagelis K.Carbon-nanotubepolymer composites:Chemistry,processing,mechanical and electrical properties[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2010,35(3):357-401.
[20]李克智,宋强,武立言,等.碳纳米管含量对炭炭复合材料组织及力学性能的影响[J].无机化学学报,2011,27(5):1001-1007.
[21]Downs W B,Baker R T K.Novel carbon fiber-carbon filament structures[J].Carbon,1991,29(8):1173-1179.
[22]Thostenson E T,Li W Z,Wang D Z,et al.Carbon nanotube-carbon fiber hybrid multiscale composites[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2002,92(9):6034-6037.
[23]Qian H,Bismarck A,Greenhalgh E S,et al.Hierarchical composites reinforced with carbon nanotube grafted fibers:potential assessed at the single fiber level[J].Chemistry of Materials,2008,20(6):1862-1869.
[24]Wirth C T,Bayer B C,Gamalski A D,et al.The phase of iron catalyst nanoparticles during carbon nanotube growth[J].Chemistry of Materials,2012,24(24):4633-4640.
[25]Xiao P,Lu X F,Liu Y,et al.Effect of in situ grown carbon nanotubes on the structure and mechanical properties of unidirectional carbon/carbon composites[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,528(7):3056-3061.
[26]Lee C J,Park J.Growth model of bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition[J].Applied Physics Letters,2000,77(21):3397-3399.
[27]Ombaka L M,Ndungu P G,Nyamori V O.Tuning the nitrogen content and surface properties of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes synthesized using a nitrogen-containing ferrocenyl derivative and ethylbenzoate[J].Journal of Materials Science,2015,50(3):1-14.
[28]Alsawat M,Altalhi T,Santos A,et al.Facile and controllable route for nitrogen doping of carbon nanotubes composite membranes by catalyst-free chemical vapour deposition[J].Carbon,2016,106:295-305.
[29]Ombaka L M,Ndungu P G,Omondi B,et al.A facileapproach towards increasing the nitrogen-content in nitrogendoped carbon nanotubes via halogenated catalysts[J].Journal of Solid State Chemistry,2016,235:202-211.
[30]Li Y Y,Guo L J,Wang Y W,et al.A novel multiscale reinforcement by in-situ growing carbon nanotubes on graphene oxide grafted carbon fibers and its reinforced carbon/carbon composites with improved tensile properties[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,2016,32(5):419-424.
[31]Gao B,Zhang R,He M,et al.Effect of a multiscale reinforcement by carbon fiber surface treatment with graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of reinforced carbon/carbon composites[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2016,90:433-440.
[32]Lee E S,Lee C H,Chun Y S,et al.Effect of hydrogen plasma-mediated surface modification of carbon fibers on the mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetherimide composites[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2017,116:451-458.
[33]Zhao J G,Liu L,Guo Q.Growth of carbon nanotubes on the surface of carbon fibers[J].Carbon,2008,46:380-383.
[34]Resende V G D,Antunes F E,Lobo A D O,et al.Growth of carbon nanotube forests on carbon fiber with an amorphous silicon interface[J].Carbon,2010,48(12):3655-3658.
[35]Delmas M,Pinault M,Patel S,et al.Growth of long and aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes on carbon and metal substrates[J]. Nanotechnology,2012,23(10):105604.
[36]Kothari A K,Jian K,Rankin J,et al.Comparison between carbon nanotube and carbon nanofiber reinforcements in amorphous silicon nitride coatings[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2008,91(8):2743-2746.
[37]范汶鑫,王延相,陈纪强,等.碳纤维表面生长碳纳米管及其增强复合材料性能的研究[J].功能材料,2015,46(20):20097-20101.
[38]Gong Q,Li Z,Bai X,et al.The effect of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and morphology of pyrolytic carbon matrices of C-C composites obtained by CVI[J].Composites Science and Technology,2005,65(7):1112-1119.
[39]Allouche H,Monthioux M,Jacobsen R.Chemical vapor deposition of pyrolytic carbon on carbon nanotubes.Part1.Synthesis and morphology[J].Carbon,2003,41:2897-2912.
[40]Allouche H,Monthioux M,Jacobsen R.Chemical vapor deposition of pyrolytic carbon on carbon nanotubes Part2.Texture and structure[J].Carbon,2005,43:1265-1278.
[41]Song Q,Li K Z,Li H J,et al.A novel method to fabricate isotropic pyrocarbon by densifying a muli-walled carbon nanotube preform by fixed-bed chemical vapor deposition[J].Carbon,2013,59:547-550.
[42]宋强.原位生长CNT掺杂碳/碳复合材料的组织和力学性能[D].西安:西北工业大学,2014.
[43]Shen Q L,Li H J,Li W,et al.Realizing the synergy of carbon nanotubes and matrix microstructure for improved flexural behavior of laminated carbon/carbon composites[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,738:49-55.
[44]Li K Z,Song Q,Wu L Y,et al.Influence of carbon nanotube content on microstructures and mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites[J].Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,2011,27(5):1001-1007.
[45]文诗琦.碳纳米管改性碳/碳复合材料组织及性能研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2015.
[46]王朋远,张明瑜,王丽平,等.原位气相生长碳纳米纤维改性炭/炭复合材料研究[J].炭素技术,2017,36(3):9-15.
[47]Gong Q M,Li Z,Zhou X W,et al.Synthesis and characterization of in situ grown carbon nanofiber/nanotube reinforced carbon/carbon composites[J].Carbon,2005,43(11):2426-2429.
[48]周建伟.炭纤维表面原位生长碳纳米管对C/C复合材料结构和热物性的影响[D].长沙:中南大学,2008.