拉拔道次对碳素钢棒材电化学冷拉拔成形的影响
|
摘要
通过表面宏观观察、腐蚀前后微观组织观察以及冲击断口的扫描电镜(SEM)分析、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析,研究了拉拔道次对碳素钢电化学冷拉拔(ECD)过程中的拉拔力、显微组织、硬度、表面质量、晶粒取向以及力学性能的影响。研究表明,电化学冷拉拔可以显著降低拉拔过程中的拉拔力,降低材料表面硬度,改善表面加工质量,削弱塑性成形后的晶粒取向关系,并且经电化学腐蚀后的冲击韧性没有明显的下降。与传统冷拉拔(DIA)相比,电化学冷拉拔单道次拉拔力下降率最大可达49.79%,表面硬度最大下降率为23.68%,单道次伸长率最大可提高30.83%,冲击韧性下降率为0.19%～4.9%左右。
Through macro surface observation,microstructure observation before and after etching,impact fracture analysis by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) analysis,the effect of drawing pass on drawing force,microstructure,hardness,surface quality,grain orientation and mechanical properties in the electrochemical cold drawing(ECD) process of carbon steel was analyzed.The research shows that ECD can significantly reduce the drawing force and surface hardness,improve the surface quality and weaken the grain orientation relationship after plastic forming,however,after electrochemical etching,the impact toughness has no obvious decrease.Compared with the traditional cold drawing(called DIA),the maximum force drop rate of electrochemical cold drawing can reach 49.79%,the maximum drop rate of surface hardness is 23.68%,the elongation rate of single pass can increase by up to 30.83%,and the impact toughness drop rate is about 0.19%-4.9%.
Through macro surface observation,microstructure observation before and after etching,impact fracture analysis by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) analysis,the effect of drawing pass on drawing force,microstructure,hardness,surface quality,grain orientation and mechanical properties in the electrochemical cold drawing(ECD) process of carbon steel was analyzed.The research shows that ECD can significantly reduce the drawing force and surface hardness,improve the surface quality and weaken the grain orientation relationship after plastic forming,however,after electrochemical etching,the impact toughness has no obvious decrease.Compared with the traditional cold drawing(called DIA),the maximum force drop rate of electrochemical cold drawing can reach 49.79%,the maximum drop rate of surface hardness is 23.68%,the elongation rate of single pass can increase by up to 30.83%,and the impact toughness drop rate is about 0.19%-4.9%.
引文
[1]GUTMAN E M.Mechanochemistry of solid surface[M].New Jersey:World Scientific Publishing Company,1994.
[2]李佼佼,李细锋,梅琼风,等.Invar 36合金厚板三点弯曲回弹规律研究[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(1):28-33.LI Jiaojiao,LI Xifeng,MEI Qiongfeng,et al.Study on springback law of thick Invar 36 alloy sheet during three-point bending[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(1):28-33.
[3]ZHOU Y,CHEN G Q,FU X S.Effect of electropulsing on deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy during cold drawing[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(4):1012-1021.
[4]GUAN L,TANG G Y,CHU P K.Recent advances and challenges in electroplastic manufacturing processing of metals[J].Journal of Materials Research,2010,25(7):1215-1224.
[5]陈继平,沈翔,吕昌福,等.渐进成形A3003铝板锥形件减薄带壁厚变化规律试验研究[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(1):34-40.CHEN Jiping,SHEN Xiang,LChangfu,et al.Experimental study on thinning belt wall thickness variation of incrementally formed A3003 aluminum conical parts[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(1):34-40.
[6]TANG G Y,ZHENG M X,ZHU Y H.The application of the electro-plastic technique in the cold drawing of steel wire[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1998,84(1):268-270.
[7]林贤,唐国翌,孙强,等.Inconel690合金的电致塑性拉拔研究[J].材料热处理技术,2010,39(24):80-82.LIN Xian,TANG Guoyi,SUN Qiang,et al.Investigation of electro-plastic drawing on Inconel690 alloy[J].Material and Heat Treatment,2010,39(24):80-82.
[8]周岩.TC4钛合金电塑性拉拔变形行为机理[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.ZHOU Yan.Deformation behavior mechanism of electroplastic drawing of TC4 titanium alloy[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013.
[9]解焕阳,董湘怀,方林强.电塑性效应及在塑性成形中的应用新进展[J].上海交通大学学报,2012,46(7):1059-1062.XIE Huanyang,DONG Xianghuai,FANG Linqiang.New progress in electro plastic effect and its application in plastic forming[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2012,46(7):1059-1062.
[10]赵达.电塑性效应对AZ31镁合金流动应力的影响[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.ZHAO Da.Influence of electro plastic effect on flow stress of AZ31magnesium alloy[D].Shanghai:Shaihai Jiao Tong University,2013.
[11]GUTMAN E M.Corrosion in cracks and electrochemical protection against stress corrosion[J].Soviet Materials Science,1967,2(2):136-138.
[12]GUTMAN E M.Interdependence of corrosion phenomena and mechanical factors acting on metals[J].Soviet Materials Science,1968,3(5):401-409.
[13]GUTMAN E M.Surface plasticity modification using electrolytic etching[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,1994,67(s1-2):133-136.
[14]ZIMNIAK Z,RADKIEWICZ G.The electroplastic effect in the cold-drawing of copper wires for the automotive industry[J].Archives of Civil&Mechanical Engineering,2008,8(8):173-179.
[15]张臣,齐飞,李永兵,等.Ti2AlNb合金高温拉伸性能研究及本构方程的建立[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(1):212-217.ZHANG Chen,QI Fei,LI Yongbing,et al.Research on high temperature tensile property and establishment of constitutive equation of Ti2AlNb alloy[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(1):212-217.
[16]LI L L,CHEN T J,ZHANG S Q,et al.Electrochemical cold drawing of Mg alloy bars[J].Materials Science and Technology,2016,33(2):244-254.
[17]LI L L,CHEN T J,ZHANG S Q,et al.Electrochemical cold drawing of in situ Mg2Sip/AM60B composite:A comparison with the AM60B alloy[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2017,240:33-41.
[2]李佼佼,李细锋,梅琼风,等.Invar 36合金厚板三点弯曲回弹规律研究[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(1):28-33.LI Jiaojiao,LI Xifeng,MEI Qiongfeng,et al.Study on springback law of thick Invar 36 alloy sheet during three-point bending[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(1):28-33.
[3]ZHOU Y,CHEN G Q,FU X S.Effect of electropulsing on deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy during cold drawing[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(4):1012-1021.
[4]GUAN L,TANG G Y,CHU P K.Recent advances and challenges in electroplastic manufacturing processing of metals[J].Journal of Materials Research,2010,25(7):1215-1224.
[5]陈继平,沈翔,吕昌福,等.渐进成形A3003铝板锥形件减薄带壁厚变化规律试验研究[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(1):34-40.CHEN Jiping,SHEN Xiang,LChangfu,et al.Experimental study on thinning belt wall thickness variation of incrementally formed A3003 aluminum conical parts[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(1):34-40.
[6]TANG G Y,ZHENG M X,ZHU Y H.The application of the electro-plastic technique in the cold drawing of steel wire[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1998,84(1):268-270.
[7]林贤,唐国翌,孙强,等.Inconel690合金的电致塑性拉拔研究[J].材料热处理技术,2010,39(24):80-82.LIN Xian,TANG Guoyi,SUN Qiang,et al.Investigation of electro-plastic drawing on Inconel690 alloy[J].Material and Heat Treatment,2010,39(24):80-82.
[8]周岩.TC4钛合金电塑性拉拔变形行为机理[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.ZHOU Yan.Deformation behavior mechanism of electroplastic drawing of TC4 titanium alloy[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013.
[9]解焕阳,董湘怀,方林强.电塑性效应及在塑性成形中的应用新进展[J].上海交通大学学报,2012,46(7):1059-1062.XIE Huanyang,DONG Xianghuai,FANG Linqiang.New progress in electro plastic effect and its application in plastic forming[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2012,46(7):1059-1062.
[10]赵达.电塑性效应对AZ31镁合金流动应力的影响[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.ZHAO Da.Influence of electro plastic effect on flow stress of AZ31magnesium alloy[D].Shanghai:Shaihai Jiao Tong University,2013.
[11]GUTMAN E M.Corrosion in cracks and electrochemical protection against stress corrosion[J].Soviet Materials Science,1967,2(2):136-138.
[12]GUTMAN E M.Interdependence of corrosion phenomena and mechanical factors acting on metals[J].Soviet Materials Science,1968,3(5):401-409.
[13]GUTMAN E M.Surface plasticity modification using electrolytic etching[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,1994,67(s1-2):133-136.
[14]ZIMNIAK Z,RADKIEWICZ G.The electroplastic effect in the cold-drawing of copper wires for the automotive industry[J].Archives of Civil&Mechanical Engineering,2008,8(8):173-179.
[15]张臣,齐飞,李永兵,等.Ti2AlNb合金高温拉伸性能研究及本构方程的建立[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(1):212-217.ZHANG Chen,QI Fei,LI Yongbing,et al.Research on high temperature tensile property and establishment of constitutive equation of Ti2AlNb alloy[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(1):212-217.
[16]LI L L,CHEN T J,ZHANG S Q,et al.Electrochemical cold drawing of Mg alloy bars[J].Materials Science and Technology,2016,33(2):244-254.
[17]LI L L,CHEN T J,ZHANG S Q,et al.Electrochemical cold drawing of in situ Mg2Sip/AM60B composite:A comparison with the AM60B alloy[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2017,240:33-41.