滨海河口湿地生态系统对全球气候变化的影响
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摘要
本文介绍了当前气候变化和区域可持续发展研究的热点,阐明了湿地生态系统在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用,分析了潮汐作用作为滨海湿地生态系统中最重要的变量,不仅可以影响到湿地生态系统的生产量、物种丰富度、有机物的积累及物质的循环,而且还可以影响近海及湿地生态系统中溶解有机碳和凋落物等的重新分布,但是其影响程度和规模目前的研究进展还无统一结论。因此,要充分结合国内外滨海河口湿地横向通量的研究进展,以潮汐过程为切入点,进一步深化滨海河口湿地碳收支研究,提高对不同区域及滨海河口滩涂湿地类型的固碳效率、碳库总量和生物地球化学循环过程的认识,从而改善滨海河口湿地碳通量估算的量化水平和精度。
The carbon cycle research not only is the current highlight in the study of climate change and regional sustainable development,it is also the difficult point in global change research,while wetland ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle. To systematically study the wetland ecosystem carbon cycle helps to deepen understanding of the changes in the global carbon cycle and helps us to predict the future trends and climate change.
The carbon cycle research not only is the current highlight in the study of climate change and regional sustainable development,it is also the difficult point in global change research,while wetland ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle. To systematically study the wetland ecosystem carbon cycle helps to deepen understanding of the changes in the global carbon cycle and helps us to predict the future trends and climate change.
引文
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[2]MITSCH W J,BERNAL B,NAHLIK A M,et al.Wetlands,carbon,and climate change[J].Landscape Ecology.2013,28(4):583-597.
[3]章海波,骆永明,刘兴华,等.海岸带蓝碳研究及其展望[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015,45(11):1641-1648.
[4]CHMURA G L,ANISFELD S C,CAHOON D R,et al.Global carbon sequestration in tidal,saline wetland soils[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles.2003,17(4):1111-1120.
[5]COSTANZA R,DARGE R,DEGROOT R,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature.1997,387:253-260.
[6]高宇,何美梅,赵斌.上海湿地[J].科学,2006,58(5):48-51.
[7]高宇,赵峰,庄平,等.长江口滨海湿地的保护利用与发展[J].科学,2015,67(4):39-42.
[8]BAUER J E,CAI W,RAYMOND P A,et al.The changing carbon cycle of the coastal ocean[J].Nature.2013,504(7478):61-70.
[9]曹磊,宋金明,李学刚,等.滨海盐沼湿地有机碳的沉积与埋藏研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(07):2040-2048.
[10]曹磊,宋金明,李学刚,等.中国滨海盐沼湿地碳收支与碳循环过程研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5141-5152.
[11]ALONGI D M.Carbon cycling and storage in mangrove forests[J].Annual Review of Marine Science,2014,6:195-219.
[12]EWANCHUK P J,BERTNESS M D.The role of waterlogging in maintaining forb pannes in northern new england salt marshes[J].Ecology.2004,85(6):1568-1574.
[13]HAYNES R J.The decomposition process:mineralization,immobilization,humus formation,and degradation.1986.
[14]GUO H Q,NOORMETS A,ZHAO B,et al.Tidal effects on net ecosystem exchange of carbon in an estuarine wetland[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology.2009,149(11):1820-1828.
[15]DANKERS N,BINSBERGEN M,ZEGERS K.Transportation of water,particulate and dissolved organic and inorganic matter between a salt marsh and ems-dollard estuary,the netherlands[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science.1984,19(2):143-165.
[16]ODUM E P.Tidal marshes as outwelling/pulsing systems.2000:3-7.
[17]HEINSCH F A,HEILMAN J L,MCINNES K J,et al.Carbon dioxide exchange in a high marsh on the texas gulf coast:effects of freshwater availability[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology.2004,125(1-2):159-172.
[18]WINTER P,SCHLACHER T A,BAIRD D.Carbon flux between an estuary and the ocean:a case for outwelling[J].Hydrobiologia.1996,337(1-3):123-132.
[19]BOUCHARD V.Export of organic matter from a coastal freshwater wetland to lake erie:an extension of the outwelling hypothesis[J].Aquatic Ecology.2007,41(1):1-7.
[20]顾永剑,高宇,郭海强,等.崇明东滩湿地生态系统碳通量贡献区分析[J].复旦学报,2008,47:374-379.
[21]YAN Y,ZHAO B,CHEN J Q,et al.Closing the carbon budget of estuarine wetlands with tower-based measurements and modis time series[J].Global Change Biology.2008,14(7):1690-1702.
[22]高宇,赵峰,张婷婷,等.人工替代栖息地的效益初探:以长江口为例[J].科学,2016,68(3):45-49.