腾冲拟髭蟾繁殖期鸣声特征
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摘要
为了研究腾冲拟髭蟾(Leptobrachium tengchongense)的繁殖期鸣声特征,2018年2月27日,利用TASCAM DR-40专业录音机,在野外录制了6只个体总共78个有效鸣声,随后利用Raven Pro?v.1.5声音分析软件对鸣声进行分析。结果表明,繁殖期的雄性腾冲拟髭蟾发出求偶鸣声及竞争鸣声两种不同类型鸣声,均为单音节鸣叫,且鸣声主频均为1.31～1.50 kHz。求偶鸣声的时长为(147±30.1)ms,所含脉冲数为(15±2.4)pulses/s;竞争鸣声为雄蟾听到附近其他个体鸣叫后所发出的较拖长的鸣声,其鸣声时长为(610±187.0)ms,所含脉冲数为(28±10.7)pulses/s。不同个体之间的鸣叫时长和鸣叫间隔存在差异,这可能与个体的体型大小有关,但需要更多的数据去证实。我们根据调查结果,分析讨论当前腾冲拟髭蟾所面临的主要威胁及其保育策略。
In order to understand the male calls characteristics of the poorly known Leptobrachium tengchongense,field survey was conducted on 27 th February 2018 in Dahetou Ranger Station of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve,Tengchong City of Yunnan,China,aiming to obtain the records of male calls during its breeding season.A total of 78 male calls,belonging to six adult male individuals,were recorded using a digital recorder(TASCAM DR-40);the calls were analyzed using the Raven Pro ? v.1.5 software.The results show that,adult males of Leptobrachium tengchongense could make two different types of calls during the breeding season,namely advertisement call and combat call(Fig.1).Both are single-note calls,and all have a dominant frequency of 1.31﹣1.50 kHz(Table 1).The combat calls are normally emitted when there are other males calling nearby,and its call duration is comparatively longer than those of advertisement calls(610 ± 187.0 ms vs.147 ± 30.1 ms),and contains more pulses(28 ± 10.7 pulses/s vs.15 ±2.4 pulses/s).There are variations on the call duration and intercall-interval among six individuals,and these variations may correlate with body size;however,due to the limited sample size,more records are needed in order to clarify the relationship between the body size and its call characteristics.Based on the survey result,we also discuss the current two major threats,habitat degradation and human consumption on tadpoles,to the species and propose relevant conservation actions.
In order to understand the male calls characteristics of the poorly known Leptobrachium tengchongense,field survey was conducted on 27 th February 2018 in Dahetou Ranger Station of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve,Tengchong City of Yunnan,China,aiming to obtain the records of male calls during its breeding season.A total of 78 male calls,belonging to six adult male individuals,were recorded using a digital recorder(TASCAM DR-40);the calls were analyzed using the Raven Pro ? v.1.5 software.The results show that,adult males of Leptobrachium tengchongense could make two different types of calls during the breeding season,namely advertisement call and combat call(Fig.1).Both are single-note calls,and all have a dominant frequency of 1.31﹣1.50 kHz(Table 1).The combat calls are normally emitted when there are other males calling nearby,and its call duration is comparatively longer than those of advertisement calls(610 ± 187.0 ms vs.147 ± 30.1 ms),and contains more pulses(28 ± 10.7 pulses/s vs.15 ±2.4 pulses/s).There are variations on the call duration and intercall-interval among six individuals,and these variations may correlate with body size;however,due to the limited sample size,more records are needed in order to clarify the relationship between the body size and its call characteristics.Based on the survey result,we also discuss the current two major threats,habitat degradation and human consumption on tadpoles,to the species and propose relevant conservation actions.
引文
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Ryan M J.2001.Anuran Communication.Washington:Smithsonian Institution Press.
Yang J H,Wang J,Wang Y Y.2018a.A new species of the genus Megophrys(Anura:Megophryidae)from Yunnan Province,China.Zootaxa,4413(2):325-338.
Yang J H,Wang Y Y,Chan B P L.2016.A new species of the genus Leptobrachium(Anura:Megophryidae)from the Gaoligongshan Mountain Range,China.Zootaxa,4150(2):133-148.
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Yu B G,Zheng R Q.2009.The advertisement call of the giant spiny frog Paa spinosa.Current Zoology,55(6):411-415.
Zheng Y,Rao D,Murphy R W,et al.2011.Reproductive behavior and underwater calls in the Emei Mustache Toad,Leptobrachium boringii.Asian Herpetological Research,2(4):199-215.
Zhou Y L,Qiu X,Fang X B,et al.2014.Acoustic characteristics of eight common Chinese anurans during the breeding season.Zoological Research,5(1):42-50.
费梁,叶昌媛,江建平.2012.中国两栖动物及其分布彩色图鉴.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1-619.
蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.2016.中国脊椎动物红色名录.生物多样性,24(5):500-551.
孙志新,王同亮,朱弼成,等.2017.红蹼树蛙繁殖期鸣声特征及鸣叫节律.生态学杂志,36(6):1672-1677.
汪继超,王同亮,王培培,等.2016.圆蟾舌蛙鸣声特征分析.动物学杂志,51(2):214-220.
张方,陈烛青,赵娟,等.2015.噪音环境下花臭蛙求偶鸣声特征分析.动物学杂志,50(1):52-58.
Cui J G,Tang Y Z,Narins P M.2012.Real estate ads in Emei music frog vocalizations:female preference for calls emanating from burrows.Biology Letters,8(3):337-340.
Frost D R.2018.Amphibian Species of the World:an Online Reference.Version 6.0.New York,USA:American Museum of Natural History.[BD/OL].[2018-10-22].http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html.
Jiang J P,Xie F,Fei L,et al.2002.Mating calls of six forms of Pelobatid in Wawu Mountain Natural Forest Park,Sichuan,China(Anura:Pelobatidae).Zoological Research,23(1):89-94.
Kelley D B.2004.Vocal communication in frogs.Current Opinion in Neurobiology,14(6):751-757.
Liang X,Liu W L,Wang B,et al.2017.Leptobrachium bompu(Amphibia,Anura,Megophryidae)discovered in Upper Medog,Tibet,China with descriptions of its tadpoles,advertisement calls and systematic position.Asian Herpetological Research,8(2):137-146.
Narins P M,Feng A S,Fay R R.2006.Hearing and Sound Communication in Amphibians.New York:Springer Verlag.
Pawangkhanant P,Poyarkov N A,Duong T V,et al.2018.A new species of Leptobrachium(Anura,Megophryidae)from western Thailand.PeerJ,6:e5584.[J/OL].[2018-10-22].https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5584.
Poyarkov Jr N A,Duong T V,Orlov N L,et al.2017.Molecular,morphological and acoustic assessment of the genus Ophryophryne(Anura,Megophryidae)from Langbian Plateau,southern Vietnam,with description of a new species.ZooKeys,672:49-120.
Rowley J J L,Tran D T A,Frankham G J,et al.2015.Undiagnosed cryptic diversity in small,microendemic frogs(Leptolalax)from the Central Highlands of Vietnam.PLoS One,10(5):e0128382.
Ryan M J.2001.Anuran Communication.Washington:Smithsonian Institution Press.
Yang J H,Wang J,Wang Y Y.2018a.A new species of the genus Megophrys(Anura:Megophryidae)from Yunnan Province,China.Zootaxa,4413(2):325-338.
Yang J H,Wang Y Y,Chan B P L.2016.A new species of the genus Leptobrachium(Anura:Megophryidae)from the Gaoligongshan Mountain Range,China.Zootaxa,4150(2):133-148.
Yang J H,Zeng Z C,Wang Y Y.2018b.Description of two new sympatric species of the genus Leptolalax(Anura:Megophryidae)from western Yunnan of China.PeerJ,6:e4586.[J/OL].[2018-10-22].https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4586.
Yu B G,Zheng R Q.2009.The advertisement call of the giant spiny frog Paa spinosa.Current Zoology,55(6):411-415.
Zheng Y,Rao D,Murphy R W,et al.2011.Reproductive behavior and underwater calls in the Emei Mustache Toad,Leptobrachium boringii.Asian Herpetological Research,2(4):199-215.
Zhou Y L,Qiu X,Fang X B,et al.2014.Acoustic characteristics of eight common Chinese anurans during the breeding season.Zoological Research,5(1):42-50.
费梁,叶昌媛,江建平.2012.中国两栖动物及其分布彩色图鉴.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1-619.
蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.2016.中国脊椎动物红色名录.生物多样性,24(5):500-551.
孙志新,王同亮,朱弼成,等.2017.红蹼树蛙繁殖期鸣声特征及鸣叫节律.生态学杂志,36(6):1672-1677.
汪继超,王同亮,王培培,等.2016.圆蟾舌蛙鸣声特征分析.动物学杂志,51(2):214-220.
张方,陈烛青,赵娟,等.2015.噪音环境下花臭蛙求偶鸣声特征分析.动物学杂志,50(1):52-58.