电力系统演进的内在驱动因素及发展路径探索
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摘要
电力系统从小容量、短距离、单一电能发输配用的电力网络逐渐转变成为大规模、远距离、多能源互通互济的能源网络,并不断朝着多元化、柔性化、智能化的更高级形态演进。移动通信技术的发展演化在很多维度上与电网技术革新和电力系统演进有着高度的相似,以"G"为表征的第2代(2G)到第5代(5G)移动通信技术已家喻户晓,但对于电网技术尤其是电力系统的代际区分和代间差异分析却尚未形成共识。本章以电力系统尤其是电网的形态特征为核心,提出以"H(High)"作为电力系统的代际标志,电力系统在经历了由1H到3H时代电压等级不断提高的发展阶段后,当前正步入高比例可再生能源与高比例电力电子设备的4H电力系统时代,并逐步向高比例碎片化能源的综合能源系统,即5H电力系统演进。同时,重点针对5H电力系统的形态特征与电网企业角色定位进行了分析。
The power system has been developed from small capacity, short distance electric power grids to large-scale,wide area and multi-energy coupling energy networks. Power system development is pushed forward by the tendency of diversification, flexibility and intelligentization. Due to high similarity between the development of mobile communication technology and that of power systems,further researches on power system intergenerational differences are needed while the'G' symbolled mobile communication technology(2 G to 5 G) has been well known. The 'H' symbolled power system intergenerational characteristic is proposed based on power system morphological features. After the voltage level of power systems has increased from 1 H to 3 H generations,the 4 H generation power system with high proportion of renewable energy and power electronic equipment is started and gradually evolving to the 5 H generation integrated energy system with high proportion of fragmented energy. In addition,the morphological features of and power grid enterprise orientation in the 5 H generation are also discussed in detail.
The power system has been developed from small capacity, short distance electric power grids to large-scale,wide area and multi-energy coupling energy networks. Power system development is pushed forward by the tendency of diversification, flexibility and intelligentization. Due to high similarity between the development of mobile communication technology and that of power systems,further researches on power system intergenerational differences are needed while the'G' symbolled mobile communication technology(2 G to 5 G) has been well known. The 'H' symbolled power system intergenerational characteristic is proposed based on power system morphological features. After the voltage level of power systems has increased from 1 H to 3 H generations,the 4 H generation power system with high proportion of renewable energy and power electronic equipment is started and gradually evolving to the 5 H generation integrated energy system with high proportion of fragmented energy. In addition,the morphological features of and power grid enterprise orientation in the 5 H generation are also discussed in detail.
引文
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[2] TAI H, HOGAIN E O. Behind the buzz, eight smart-grid trends shaping the industry[J]. IEEE Power&Energy Magazine,2009,7(2):96-97.
[3]国家发展改革委.能源发展“十三五”规划[R/OL].(2016-12-26). http://www. ndrc. gov. cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201701/t20170117_835278.html.
[4] IPCC. Intergovernmental panel for climate change fourh assessment report[M]. London:Cambridge University Press, 2007.
[5] STERN N. The economics of climate change:The stern review[M]. London:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[6] MURPHY J J, STRANLUND J K. A laboratory investigation of compliance behavior under tradable emissions rights:Implications for targeted enforcement[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2007,53:196-312.
[7]《世界大型电网发展百年回眸与展望》编撰委员会.世界大型电网发展百年回眸与展望[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2017.
[8]周孝信,陈树勇,鲁宗相.电网和电网技术发展的回顾与展望:试论三代电网[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):1-7.ZHOU Xiaoxin,CHEN Shuyong, LU Zongxiang. Review and prospect for power system development and related technologies:A concept of three-generation power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(22):1-7.
[9]张宁,邢璐,鲁刚.我国电力中长期发展九大趋势[N].国家电网报,2018-02-27.
[10]北极星电力网.周孝信院士:能源转型中我国新一代电力系统技术发展趋势.[EB/0L].(2017-41-27)[2018-10-10]. http://www. chinasmartgrid. com. cn/news/20171127/626203. shtml.
[11]曾博,杨雍琦,段金辉,等.新能源电力系统中需求侧响应关键问题及未来研究展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):10-18.ZENG Bo, YANG Yongqi, DU AN Jinhui, et al. Key issues and research prospects for demand-side response in alternate electrical power system with renewable energy sources[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(17):1048.
[12]舒印彪,薛禹胜,蔡斌,等.关于能源转型分析的评述(一)转型要素及研究范式[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):1-11.SHU Yinbiao,XUE Yusheng, CAI Bin, et al. A review of energy transition analysis part one elements and paradigms[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):1-7
[13]刘开俊,李隽,罗金山,等.同步电网发展趋势与中国能源互联网发展研究[J].电力建设,2016,37(6):1-9.LIU Kaijun,LI Jun,LUO Jinshan,et al. Synchronous power grid development trend and China's energy interconnection development[J].Electric Power Construction,2016,37(6):1-9.
[14]宋璇坤,韩柳,鞠黄培,等.中国智能电网技术发展实践研究[J].电力建设,2016,37(7):1-41.SONG Xuankun,HAN Liu,JU Huangpei,et al. A review on development practice of smart grid technology in China[J].Electric Power Construction,2016,37(7):1-11.
[15]徐殿国,张书鑫,李彬彬.电力系统柔性一次设备及其关键技术:应用与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(7):2-22.XU Dianguo,ZHANG Shuxin,LI Binbin. Flexible primary equipment in power system and their key technologied:Application and prospects[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018,42(7):2-22.
[16] World Economic Forum. Internet fragmentation:An overview[R/OL].(2016-01-23).https://www. weforum. org/repoors/inteenetfragmentation-an-overview.
[17]贾宏杰,王丹,徐宪东,等.区域综合能源系统若干问题研究[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(7):198-207.JIA Hongjie, WANG Dan, XU Xiandong, et al. Research on some key problems related to integrated energy systems[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(7):198-207.
[18]程林,张靖,黄仁乐,等.基于多能互补的综合能源系统多场景规划案例分析[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(6):282-287.CHENG Lin, ZHANG Jing, HUANG Renle, et al. Case analysis of multi-scenario planning based on multi-energy complementaion for integrated energy system[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2017, 37(6):282-287.
[19]黄国日,刘伟佳,文福拴,等.具有电转气装置的电-气混联综合能源系统的协同规划[J].电力建设,2016,37(9):1-13.HUANG Guori, LIU Weijia, WEN Fushuan, et al. Collaborative planning of integrated electricity and natural gas energy systems with power-to-gas stations[J]. Electric Power Consruction,2016, 37(9):1-43.
[20]董朝阳,赵俊华,文福拴,等.从智能电网到能源互联网:基本概念与研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2014, 38(15):140.DONG Zhaoyang, ZHAO Junhua, WEN Fushuan, et al. From smart grid to energy internet:Basic concept and research framework[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(15):1-10.
[21]刘东,盛万兴,王云,等.电网信息物理系统的关键技术及其进展[J].中国电机工程学报,2015, 35(14):3522-3531.LIU Dong, SHENG Wanxing, WANG Yun, et al. Key technologies and trends of cyber physical system for power grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(14):3522-3531.