电磁涡旋通信技术发展与现状
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摘要
2011年,瑞典和意大利的科研人员第一次实现了利用传统电磁波和涡旋电磁波在相同频点进行无线通信的实验并取得了成功,被《自然》杂志誉为具有革命性的创新技术。虽然携带轨道角动量的电磁涡旋通信技术目前仍有争议,但科研人员仍致力于涡旋电磁提高通信系统容量的研究。对涡旋电磁通信的基本原理进行了阐释,对该技术的发展历史及现状进行了详细的论述,并展望了电磁涡旋技术的未来发展。
In 2011,researchers from Sweden and Italy firstly and successfully implemented an experiment for wireless communication by transmitting the traditional electromagnetic wave with twisted radio at the same frequency simultaneously,which is praised as a revolutionary technical innovation by Nature.Although the twisted radio wireless communication technology with orbital angular momentum is still controversial,researchers are still committed to using it to significantly increase the capacity of the wireless communication system.The fundamental of twisted radio communication is elaborated,and its history and current status are described and some outlooks on its future are given.
In 2011,researchers from Sweden and Italy firstly and successfully implemented an experiment for wireless communication by transmitting the traditional electromagnetic wave with twisted radio at the same frequency simultaneously,which is praised as a revolutionary technical innovation by Nature.Although the twisted radio wireless communication technology with orbital angular momentum is still controversial,researchers are still committed to using it to significantly increase the capacity of the wireless communication system.The fundamental of twisted radio communication is elaborated,and its history and current status are described and some outlooks on its future are given.
引文
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[2]TAMBURINI F,MARI E,SPONSELLI A,et al.Encoding many channels on the same frequency through radio vorticity:first experimental test[J].New Journal of Physics,2011,14(3):811-815.
[3]TAMBURINI F,VICINO D.Photon wave function:a covariant formulation and equivalence with QED[J].Physical Review A,2008,78(5):4948-4954.
[4]POYNTING J H.The wave motion of a revolving shaft,and a suggestion as to the angular momentum in a beam of circularly polarised light[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.Series A,Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character,1909,82(557):560-567.
[5]BETH R A.Mechanical detection and measurement of the angular momentum of light[J].Physical Review,1936,50(2):115-125.
[6]Allen L,BEIJERSBERGEN M W,SPREEUW R J C,et al.Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes[J].Physical Review A,1992,45(11):8185-8189.
[7]THIDE B,TAMBURINI F,MARI E,et al.Radio beam vorticity and orbital angular momentum[EB/OL].[2017-12-05].http:∥arxiv.org/abs/1101.6015.
[8]郭桂蓉,胡卫东,杜小勇.基于电磁涡旋的雷达目标成像[J].国防科技大学学报,2013,35(6):71-76.GUO G R,HU W D,DU X Y.Electromagnetic vortex based radar target imaging[J].Journal of National University of Defense Technology,2013,35(6):71-76.
[9]GRIER D G.A revolution in optical manipulation[J].Nature,2003,424(6950):810-816.
[10]VAZIRI A,WEIHS G,ZEILINGER A.Superpositions of the orbital angular momentum for applications in quantum experiments[J].Journal of Optics B:Quantum and Semiclassical Optics,2002,4(2):47-51.
[11]ANZOLIN G,TAMBURINI F,BIANCHINI A,et al.Optical vortices with starlight[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2008,488(3):1159-1165.
[12]ELIAS II N M.Photon orbital angular momentum in astronomy[J].Astronomy&Astrophysics,2008,492(3):883-922.
[13]HARWIT M.Photon orbital angular momentum in astrophysics[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2003,597(2):1266-1270.
[14]BERKHOUT G C G,BEIJERSBERGEN M W.Method for probing the orbital angular momentum of optical vortices in electromagnetic waves from astronomical objects[J].Physical Review Letters,2008,101(10):100801.
[15]LEE J H,FOO G,JOHNSON E G,et al.Experimental verification of an optical vortex coronagraph[J].Physical review letters,2006,97(5):053901.
[16]TAMBURINI F,THIDE B,MOLINA-TERRIZA G,et al.Twisting of light around rotating black holes[J].Nature Physics,2011,7(3):195-197.
[17]GIBSON G,COURTIAL J,PADGETT M,et al.Free-space information transfer using light beams carrying orbital angular momentum[J].Optics Express,2004,12(22):5448-5456.
[18]SJOHOLM J,PALMER K.Angular momentum of electromagnetic radiation.Fundamental physics applied to the radio domain for innovative studies of space and development of newconcepts in wireless communications[EB/OL].[2017-12-05].http:∥arxiv.org/abs/0905.0190.
[19]THIDE B,THEN H,SJOHOLM J,et al.Utilization of photon orbital angular momentum in the low-frequency radio domain[J].Physical Review Letters,2007,99(8):087701.
[20]TAMBURINI F,MARI E,THIDE B,et al.Experimental verification of photon angular momentum and vorticity with radio techniques[J].Applied Physics Letters,2011,99(20):204102.
[21]EDFORS O,JOHANSSON A J.Is orbital angular momentum(OAM)based radio communication an unexploited area[J].IEEE Trans.on Antennas and Propagation,2012,60(2):1126-1131.
[22]TAMAGNONE M,CRAEYE C,PERRUISSEAU-CARRIER J.Comment on encoding many channels on the same frequency through radio vorticity:first experimental test[J].New Journal of Physics,2012,14(11):118001.
[23]TAMBURINI F,THIDE B,MARI E,et al.Reply to comment on encoding many channels on the same frequency through radio vorticity:first experimental test[J].New Journal of Physics,2012,14(11):118002.
[24]TAMAGONE M,CRAEYE C,PERRUISSEAU-CARRIER J.Comment on reply to comment on“encoding many channels on the same frequency through radio vorticity:first experimental test”[J].New Journal of Physics,2013,15(7):078001.
[25]KISH L B,NEVELS R D.Twisted radio waves and twisted thermodynamics[J].Plos one,2013,8(2):E56086.
[26]DORIGO T.Why increasing bandwidth of radio transmissions using orbital angular momentum is innovative.science 2.0[EB/OL].[2017-12-25].http:∥www.science20.com/quantum_diaries_survivor/why_increasing_bandwidth_radio_transmissions_using_orbital_angular_momentum_innovati-ve-132376.
[27]ANDERSSON M,BERGLIND E,BJORK G.Orbital angular momentum modes do not increase the channel capacity in communication links[J]. New Journal of Physics,2015,17(4):043040.
[28]WEI X L,LIU C M,ZHANG Z Q,et al.Orbit angular momentum encoding at 0.3THz via 3Dprinted spiral phase plates[C]∥Proc.of the SPIE,Infrared,Millimeter-Wave,and Terahertz Technologies III,2014:9275
[29]ZHANG H,WANG J,LIU J,et al.Experimental demonstration of basic functionalities for 0.1-THz orbital angular momentum(OAM)communications[C]∥Proc.of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition,2014:1-3.
[30]CHEN J,KUANG D F,GUI M,et al.Generation of optical vortex using a spiral phase plate fabricated in quartz by direct laser writing and inductively coupled plasma etching[J].Chinese Physical Society,2009(1):102-104.
[31]UCHIDA M,TONOMURA A.Generation of electron beams carrying orbital angular momentum[J].Nature,2010,464(7289):737-739.
[32]CHENG L,HONG W,HAO Z C.Generation of electromagnetic waves with arbitrary orbital angular momentum modes[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:4814.
[33]BYUN W J,LEE Y S,KIM B S,et al.Simple generation of orbital angular momentum modes with azimuthally deformed Cassegrain subreflector[J].Electronics Letters,2015,51(19):1480-1482.
[34]YU S,LI L,SHI G,et al.Design,fabrication,and measurement of reflective metasurface for orbital angular momentum vortex wave in radio frequency domain[J].Applied Physics Letters,2016,108(12):5448.
[35]ZHANG Y,YANG L,WANG H,et al.Transforming surface wave to propagating OAM vortex wave via flat dispersive metasurface in radio frequency[J].IEEE Antennas&Wireless Propagation Letters,2018,17(1):172-175.
[36]VEYSI M,GUCLU C,CAPOLINO F,et al.Revisiting the orbital angular momentum beams:fundamentals,reflectarray generation,and novel antenna applications[J].IEEE Antennas&Propagation Magazine,2018,60(2):68-81.
[37]BAI X D,LIANG X L JIN R H,et al.Generation of OAM radio waves with three polarizations using circular horn antenna array[C]∥Proc.of the IEEE European Conference on Antennas and Propagation,2015
[38]MOHAMMADI S M,DALDORFF L K S,BERGMAN J E S,et al.Orbital angular momentum in radio-a system study[J].IEEE Trans.on Antennas&Propagation,2010,58(2):565-572.
[39]DENG C J,CHEN W H,ZHANG Z J,et al.Generation of OAM radio waves using circular vivaldi antenna array[J].International Journal of Antennas and Propagation,2013,2013(2):607-610
[40]ZHANG Z T,XIAO S Q,LI Y,et al.A circularly polarized multimode patch antenna for the generation of multiple orbital angular momentum modes[J].IEEE Antennas&Wireless Propagation Letters,2017,16(99):521-524.
[41]TENNANT A,ALLEN B.Generation of radio frequency OAM radiation modes using circular time-switched and phased array antennas[C]∥Proc.of the Antennas and Propagation Conference,2012:1-4.
[42]XIE G,YAN Y,ZHAO Z,et al.Tunable generation and angular steering of a millimeter-wave orbital-angular-momentum beam using differential time delays in a circular antenna array[C]∥Proc.of the IEEE International Conference on Communications,2016:1-6.
[43]STEARNS S D.More unusual features of the microwave vortex[C]∥Proc.of the Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2012:1-2.
[44]PALACIN B,SHARSHAVINA K,NGUYEN K,et al.An8×8Butler matrix for generation of waves carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM)[C]∥Proc.of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation,2014:2814-2818.
[45]XU C,ZHENG S L,ZHANG W T,et al.Free-space radio communication employing OAM multiplexing based on rotman lens[J].IEEE Microwave&Wireless Components Letters,2016,26(9):738-740.
[46]BAI X D,LIANG X L,LI J P,et al.Rotman lens-based circular array for generating five-mode OAM radio beams[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:27815.
[47]ZHANG Z F,ZHENG S L,JIN X F,et al.Generation ofplane spiral OAM waves using traveling-wave circular slot antenna[J].IEEE Antennas&Wireless Propagation Letters,2017,16:8-11.
[48]ZHANG W T,ZHENG S L,HUI X N,et al.Four-OAMmode antenna with traveling-wave ring-slot structure[J].IEEE Antennas&Wireless Propagation Letters,2017,16:194-197.
[49]YU S X,LI L,SHI G M,et al.Generating multiple orbital angular momentum vortex beams using a metasurface in radio frequency domain[J].Applied Physics Letters,2016,108(24):662.
[50]GONG Y H,WANG R,DENG Y K,et al.Generation and transmission of OAM-carrying vortex beams using circular antenna array[J].IEEE Trans.on Antennas&Propagation,2017,65(6):2940-2949.
[51]GUO Z G,YANG G M.Radial uniform circular antenna array for dual-mode OAM communication[J].IEEE Antennas&Wireless Propagation Letters,2017,16:404-407.
[52]LIU B Y,CUI Y H,LI R.A broadband dual-polarized dualoam-mode antenna array for OAM communication[J].IEEE Antennas&Wireless Propagation Letters,2017,16:744-747.
[53]ALLEN L,PADGETT M J.The poynting vector in LaguerreGaussian beams and the interpretation of their angular momentum density[J].Optics Communications,2000,184(1):67-71.
[54]LEACH J,KEEN S,PADGETT M J,et al.Direct measurement of the skew angle of the Poynting vector in a helically phased beam[J].Optics Express,2006,14(25):11919-11924.
[55]PADGETT M J,MIATTO F M,LAVERY M,et al.Divergence of an orbital-angular-momentum-carrying beam upon propagation[J].New Journal of Physics,2014,17(2015):023011.
[56]WEI W L,MAHDJOUBI K,BROUSSEAU C,et al.Enhancement of directivity of an OAM antenna by using FabryPerot cavity[C]∥Proc.of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation,2016:1-4.
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