基于极限磁滞回线法的软磁复合材料磁特性模拟
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摘要
软磁复合材料由于其磁各向异性、低损耗、易加工、成本低等优点,在含有三维磁路结构的电磁设备(如球形电机、爪极电机、横向磁通电机等)中具有巨大的应用潜力,因此在电气工程领域引起了广泛关注。为准确模拟软磁复合材料在复杂磁化条件下的磁特性,本文提出基于Preisach磁滞模型的极限磁滞回线法。该方法通过Preisach平面几何描述和分离分布函数变量解决经典Preisach模型中分布函数难以确定的问题,只需要极限磁滞回线的数据就能够模拟包括主磁滞回线和多阶回转曲线在内的多种磁特性。根据模拟得到的不同压力作用下的一阶回转曲线族求出不同压力下所对应的分布函数,同时引入包含压力在内的分布函数表达式,使其能够考虑压力变化对材料磁特性的影响。最后通过与实验结果对比,验证极限磁滞回线法的有效性和正确性。
The soft magnetic composite materials have undergone significant development due to their unique advantages such as low eddy current loss, quasi-isotropy of mechanical and magnetic properties, great design flexibility, low cost and low material consumption during the production process. These materials are suitable for some special electromagnetic devices with 3-D magnetic flux paths, such as transverse flux, claw pole, and axial flux permanent magnet motors. Since the soft magnetic composite materials have been widely used with satisfaction, the magnetic properties, i.e., major hysteresis loops, minor hysteresis loops, and reversal curves, need to be fully understood for developing high performance electromagnetic devices. In this paper, the limiting loop method based on the Preisach model is introduced to simulate the magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite material. A new formulation of the normal Preisach model was derived based on a graphical description of the Preisach theory of magnetic hysteresis. With the help of the Preisach diagrams for the limiting hysteresis loop, the difficulty of identifying the elementary dipole distribution function was circumvented. The new parameter identification method only requires the limiting hysteresis loop as the input data. Besides, to simulate the magnetic properties under different stress, the effect of stress on the magnetization process is taken into account in the improved limiting loop method. Finally, to verify the proposed model, the magnetic properties of SOMALOYTM 500, a classical type of SMC material, are simulated and compared with the experimental results. The accuracy and effectiveness of the model are validated by the actual measurement.
The soft magnetic composite materials have undergone significant development due to their unique advantages such as low eddy current loss, quasi-isotropy of mechanical and magnetic properties, great design flexibility, low cost and low material consumption during the production process. These materials are suitable for some special electromagnetic devices with 3-D magnetic flux paths, such as transverse flux, claw pole, and axial flux permanent magnet motors. Since the soft magnetic composite materials have been widely used with satisfaction, the magnetic properties, i.e., major hysteresis loops, minor hysteresis loops, and reversal curves, need to be fully understood for developing high performance electromagnetic devices. In this paper, the limiting loop method based on the Preisach model is introduced to simulate the magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite material. A new formulation of the normal Preisach model was derived based on a graphical description of the Preisach theory of magnetic hysteresis. With the help of the Preisach diagrams for the limiting hysteresis loop, the difficulty of identifying the elementary dipole distribution function was circumvented. The new parameter identification method only requires the limiting hysteresis loop as the input data. Besides, to simulate the magnetic properties under different stress, the effect of stress on the magnetization process is taken into account in the improved limiting loop method. Finally, to verify the proposed model, the magnetic properties of SOMALOYTM 500, a classical type of SMC material, are simulated and compared with the experimental results. The accuracy and effectiveness of the model are validated by the actual measurement.
引文
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[12]张长庚,杨庆新,李永建.电工软磁材料旋转磁滞损耗测量及建模[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(11):208-216.Zhang Changgeng,Yang Qingxin,Li Yongjian.Measurement and modeling of rotational hysteresis loss of electric soft magnetic material[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(11):208-216.
[13]Hui S Y R,Zhu Jianguo.Numerical modelling and simulation of hysteresis effects in magnetic cores using transmission-line modelling and the Preisach theory[J].IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications,1995:142(1):57-62.
[14]Zhu Jianguo.Numerical modeling of magnetic materials for computer aided design of electromagnetic devices[D].Sydney:University of Technology Sydney,1994.
[15]李慧奇,崔灿,赵小军,等.基于一阶回转曲线的Preisach磁滞模型研究[J].磁性材料及器件,2015(3):13-16.Li Huiqi,Cui Can,Zhao Xiaojun,et al.Reseach on Preisach hysteresis model based on first order reversal curves[J].Magnetic Materials and Devices,2015(3):13-16.
[16]Sipeky A,Iványi A.Preisach-type stress-dependent magnetic vector hysteresis model[J].Physica B,2008,403:491-495
[17]Li Yongjian,Zhu Jianguo,Yang Qingxin,et al.Measurement of soft magnetic composite material using an improved 3-D tester with flexible excitation coils and novel sensing coils[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2010,46(6):1971-1974.
[2]Zhu Jianguo,Guo Youguang,Lin Zhiwei,et al.Development of PM transverse flux motors with soft magnetic composite cores[J].IEEE Transaction on Magnetics,2011,47(10):4376-4383.
[3]Sun Xiaodong,Chen Long,Jiang Haobin,et al.Highperformance control for a bearing less permanent magnet synchronous motor using neural network inverse scheme plus internal model controllers[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(6):3479-3488.
[4]Zhu Jianguo,Zhong Jinjiang,Lin Zhiwei,et al.Measurement of magnetic properties under 3Dmagnetic excitations[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):3429-3431.
[5]李永建,杨庆新,安金龙,等.软磁复合材料的三维磁特性检测实验研究[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(9):160-165.Li Yongjian,Yang Qingxin,An Jinlong,et al.Three dimensional magnetic properties measurement of soft magnetic composite materials[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(9):160-165.
[6]张艳丽,何厚键,谢德馨.KOH Chang-seop.基于二维磁特性测量的电工钢片矢量磁滞模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(3):130-135.Zhang Yanli,He Houjian,Xie Dexin,et al.Vector magnetic hysteresis model of electrical steel sheets based on two-dimensional magnetic property measurement[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2010,30(3):130-135.
[7]Mayergoyz I D.Mathematical models of hysteresis[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1991.
[8]Preisach F.Uber die magnetische Nachwirkung[J].Zeitschrift für Physik,1935,94(5-6):277-302.
[9]Xu Weijie,Duan Nana,Wang Shuhong,et al.Modeling and measurement of magnetic hysteresis of soft magnetic composite materials under different magnetizations[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(3):2459-2467.
[10]张艳丽,刘洋,谢德馨,等.耦合改进型矢量磁滞模型的变压器磁场分析及实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(21):109-113.Zhang Yanli,Liu Yang,Xie Dexin,et al.Finite element analysis of magnetic field in transformer core coupled with improved vector hysteresis model and its experimental verification[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(21):109-113.
[11]Li Dandan,Liu Fugui,Li Yongjian,et al.Magnetic properties modeling of soft magnetic composite materials using two-dimensional vector hybrid hysteresis model[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2014,115(7):1-4.
[12]张长庚,杨庆新,李永建.电工软磁材料旋转磁滞损耗测量及建模[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(11):208-216.Zhang Changgeng,Yang Qingxin,Li Yongjian.Measurement and modeling of rotational hysteresis loss of electric soft magnetic material[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(11):208-216.
[13]Hui S Y R,Zhu Jianguo.Numerical modelling and simulation of hysteresis effects in magnetic cores using transmission-line modelling and the Preisach theory[J].IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications,1995:142(1):57-62.
[14]Zhu Jianguo.Numerical modeling of magnetic materials for computer aided design of electromagnetic devices[D].Sydney:University of Technology Sydney,1994.
[15]李慧奇,崔灿,赵小军,等.基于一阶回转曲线的Preisach磁滞模型研究[J].磁性材料及器件,2015(3):13-16.Li Huiqi,Cui Can,Zhao Xiaojun,et al.Reseach on Preisach hysteresis model based on first order reversal curves[J].Magnetic Materials and Devices,2015(3):13-16.
[16]Sipeky A,Iványi A.Preisach-type stress-dependent magnetic vector hysteresis model[J].Physica B,2008,403:491-495
[17]Li Yongjian,Zhu Jianguo,Yang Qingxin,et al.Measurement of soft magnetic composite material using an improved 3-D tester with flexible excitation coils and novel sensing coils[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2010,46(6):1971-1974.