磁通切换电机单相及多相开路情况下转矩冲量平衡控制策略研究
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摘要
容错型永磁磁通切换电机(fault tolerant flux switching permanent magnet motor,FTFSPM)转矩密度高、可靠性强,适用于全电/多电飞机系统。近年来,FTFSPM的动态性能优化及故障下容错控制成为研究热点。研究了一种转矩冲量平衡控制策略,比较了不同开路故障下动态响应的异同。该控制方式下负载突加过程唯一确定,一次电磁转矩的增减不受PI参数的影响,提高了转速的动态性能;但电磁转矩变化率决定了动态响应的快慢。电机发生开路故障时,相电压合成的空间电压矢量缺失,对电磁转矩的改变能力减弱。负载变化前后电机转速不变,结合电机运动方程,估算出不同开路故障下动态调节时间。通过实验对转矩冲量平衡控制进行验证,并比较了不同开路故障下动态响应,验证了所提出算法以及推论的有效性和正确性。
The fault tolerant flux switching permanent magnet motor(FTFSPM) has the advantages of high torque density and high reliability, it is suitable for the all electric/more electric aircraft power system. Dynamic performance optimization and fault tolerant control are the research focus,a torque impulse balance control was studied in this paper, and the difference of dynamic response in different open circuit faults was compared with the fault tolerant algorithm. Using this control strategy, the dynamic response process was determined with once electromagnetic torque increasing and once decreasing in sudden load torque, which will not be impacted by the PI parameters, thus the dynamic response was determined by the changing rate of the electromagnetic torque. Nevertheless, the dynamic process is effected by electromagnetic torque rate. When the machine is under single-phase open-circuit condition and multi-phase open circuit condition, the space voltage vector synthesized changes due to the loss of the failure phase voltage, and the capacity of effecting the electromagnetic torque weaken. With the equation of motion, the dynamic response time under different open-circuit conditions can be counted. The torque impulse balance control is realized by experiment, and the dynamic response is compared under different open circuit conditions. The results illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the torque impulse balance control under the condition of different open-circuit fault.
The fault tolerant flux switching permanent magnet motor(FTFSPM) has the advantages of high torque density and high reliability, it is suitable for the all electric/more electric aircraft power system. Dynamic performance optimization and fault tolerant control are the research focus,a torque impulse balance control was studied in this paper, and the difference of dynamic response in different open circuit faults was compared with the fault tolerant algorithm. Using this control strategy, the dynamic response process was determined with once electromagnetic torque increasing and once decreasing in sudden load torque, which will not be impacted by the PI parameters, thus the dynamic response was determined by the changing rate of the electromagnetic torque. Nevertheless, the dynamic process is effected by electromagnetic torque rate. When the machine is under single-phase open-circuit condition and multi-phase open circuit condition, the space voltage vector synthesized changes due to the loss of the failure phase voltage, and the capacity of effecting the electromagnetic torque weaken. With the equation of motion, the dynamic response time under different open-circuit conditions can be counted. The torque impulse balance control is realized by experiment, and the dynamic response is compared under different open circuit conditions. The results illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the torque impulse balance control under the condition of different open-circuit fault.
引文
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[20]Zhou Yangzhong,Lin Xiaogang,Cheng Ming.A fault-tolerant direct torque control for six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with arbitrary two opened phases based on modified variables[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(2):549-556.
[21]邱鑫,黄文新,杨建飞,等.一种基于转矩角的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(3):56-62.Qiu Xin,Huang Wenxin,Yang Jianfei,et al.A direct torque control strategy based on torque angle for permanent magnet synchronous motors[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(3):56-62(in Chinese).
[22]鲁文其,胡育文,杜栩杨,等.永磁同步电机新型滑模观测器无传感器矢量控制调速系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(33):78-83.Lu Wenqi,Hu Yuwen,Du Xuyang,et al.Sensorless vector control using a novel sliding mode observer for PMSM speed control system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(33):78-83(in Chinese).
[2]花为,程明,Zhu Z Q,等.新型磁通切换型双凸极永磁电机的静态特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(13):129-134.Hua Wei,Cheng Ming,Zhu Z Q,et al.Study on static characteristic of novel flux-switching doubly-salient PM machine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(13):129-134(in Chinese).
[3]贾红云,程明,花为.磁通切换型永磁电机等效模型与控制策略分析[J].电机与控制学报,2009,9(5):631-635.Jia Hongyun,Cheng Ming,Hua Wei,et al.Equivalent model and control strategies analysis for flux-switching permanent magnet motor[J].Electric Machine and Control,2009,9(5):631-635(in Chinese).
[4]程明,张淦,花为.定子永磁型无刷电机系统及其关键技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5204-5220.Cheng Ming,Zhang Gan,Hua Wei.Overview of stator permanent magnet brushless machine systems and their key technologies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5204-5220(in Chinese).
[5]Owen R L,Zhu Z Q,Thomas A S,et al.Alternate poles wound flux-switching permanent-magnet brushless AC machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2010,46(2):790-797.
[6]Zhu Z Q,Al-Ani M M J,Liu X,et al.Comparitive study of torque-speed characteristics of alternate switched-flux permanent magnet machine topologies[C]//International Conference on Power Electronics,Machines and Drives,2012:27-29.
[7]林晓刚,周扬忠,程明.基于虚拟变量的六相永磁同步电机缺任意两相容错型直接转矩控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):231-239.Lin Xiaogang,Zhou Yangzhong,Cheng Ming.A novel direct torque control for six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with two opened phases based on defining fictitious variables[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):231-239(in Chinese).
[8]吴一丰,邓智泉,王宇,等.六相永磁容错磁通切换电机及其单相故障的容错控制[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(3):71-79.Wu Yifeng,Deng Zhiquan,Wang Yu,et al.Six-phase fault-tolerant flux switching permanent magnet motor and control strategy for single-phase fault condition[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(3):71-79(in Chinese).
[9]朱婷婷,邓智泉,王宇.并列式混合励磁磁通切换型电机及其电流矢量控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(15):140-147.Zhu Tingting,Deng Zhiquan,Wang Yu.Research on hybrid-excited flux-switching machine and the current vector control strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(15):140-147(in Chinese).
[10]赵品志,杨贵杰,李勇.五相永磁同步电动机单相开路故障的容错控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(24):68-76.Zhao Pinzhi,Yang Guijie,Li Yong.Fault-tolerant control strategy for five-phase permanent magnetic synchronous motor under single phase open-circuit fault condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(24):68-76(in Chinese).
[11]Meyer E,Liu Yanfei.A quick capacitor charge balance control method to achieve optimal dynamic response for buck converters[C]//Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2007:1549-1555.
[12]Meyer E,Wang Dong,Jia Liang,et al.Digital charge balance controller with an auxiliary circuit for superior unloading transient performance of Buck converters[C]//Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),2010:21-25.
[13]Meyer E,Zhang Zhiliang,Liu Yanfei.Digital charge balance controller with low gate count to improve the transient response of buck converters[C]//Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,2009:3320-3327.
[14]赵晋斌,戴剑丰,屈克庆.基于电容电荷平衡的滞环控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(16):63-69.Zhao Jinbin,Dai Jianfeng,Qu Keqing.A hysteresis controlstrategy based on capacitor charge balance[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(16):63-69(in Chinese).
[15]邱楹,陈希有,仲崇权,等.全负载DC-DC变换器电荷平衡数字控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(18):40-47.Qiu Ying,Chen Xiyou,Zhong Chongquan,et al.Charge balance digital control for dc-dc converters with full load range[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(18):40-47(in Chinese).
[16]方炜,刘晓东,刘雁飞.双管正激变换器的电荷平衡控制算法[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(5):70-74.Fang Wei,Liu Xiaodong,Liu Yanfei.A charge balance control algorithm of dual-transistors forward converter[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(5):70-74(in Chinese).
[17]Jia Liang,Liu Yanfei.Low cost microcontroller based implementation of robust voltage based capacitor charge balance control algorithm[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2013,9(2):869-879.
[18]Mecrow B C,Jack A G,Haylock J A,et al.Fault-tolerant permanent magnet machine drives[J].IEE Proceedings—Electric Power Applications,1996,143(6):437-442.
[19]郝振洋,胡育文,黄文新,等.永磁容错电机最优电流直接控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(6):46-51.Hao Zhenyang,Hu Yuwen,Huang Wenxin,et al.Optimal current direct control strategy for fault tolerant permanent magnet motor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(6):46-51(in Chinese).
[20]Zhou Yangzhong,Lin Xiaogang,Cheng Ming.A fault-tolerant direct torque control for six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with arbitrary two opened phases based on modified variables[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(2):549-556.
[21]邱鑫,黄文新,杨建飞,等.一种基于转矩角的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(3):56-62.Qiu Xin,Huang Wenxin,Yang Jianfei,et al.A direct torque control strategy based on torque angle for permanent magnet synchronous motors[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(3):56-62(in Chinese).
[22]鲁文其,胡育文,杜栩杨,等.永磁同步电机新型滑模观测器无传感器矢量控制调速系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(33):78-83.Lu Wenqi,Hu Yuwen,Du Xuyang,et al.Sensorless vector control using a novel sliding mode observer for PMSM speed control system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(33):78-83(in Chinese).