磁通切换电机的马尔科夫可靠性模型分析
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摘要
马尔科夫模型是评估电机系统可靠性简便且有效的方法,但传统的马尔科夫模型需要求解常微分方程,计算过程比较复杂。该文针对电机系统通常最多发生两个故障的实际情况,提出一种基于马尔科夫链的可靠性快速计算公式。在此基础上对磁通切换电机系统的可靠性进行评估分析。首先,对电机系统进行简化得到评估模型,同时确定评估模型的故障模式;其次,分析故障对系统性能的影响,判断电机可靠性状态,并进行了仿真分析,建立马尔科夫链;最后,计算得到磁通切换电机系统可靠性公式和平均失效前时间(MTTF)。样机实验结果验证了该文分析方法的有效性,为定子永磁电机的可靠性设计奠定了基础。
The Markov model is a simple and effective method to evaluate machine system reliability. However, the traditional Markov model calculation process needs to solve the ordinary differential equations with complex process. In this paper, a fast calculation formula based on the Markov chain is proposed under the condition that at most two faults occur in the machine system, by which the reliability of flux switching permanent magnet(FSPM) machine is evaluated and analyzed. Firstly, the machine system is simplified into the evaluation model, the failure mode of each component in the evaluation model is determined at the same time. Secondly, the Markov chain of FSPM machine system is derived after analyzing the influence of every failure mode and judge the machine reliability state, and the simulation is carried out. Finally, the reliability model of FSPM machine system and mean time to failure(MTTF) are calculated. The experimental results of a prototype machine verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, laid a foundation for the reliability design of stator permanent magnet machine.
The Markov model is a simple and effective method to evaluate machine system reliability. However, the traditional Markov model calculation process needs to solve the ordinary differential equations with complex process. In this paper, a fast calculation formula based on the Markov chain is proposed under the condition that at most two faults occur in the machine system, by which the reliability of flux switching permanent magnet(FSPM) machine is evaluated and analyzed. Firstly, the machine system is simplified into the evaluation model, the failure mode of each component in the evaluation model is determined at the same time. Secondly, the Markov chain of FSPM machine system is derived after analyzing the influence of every failure mode and judge the machine reliability state, and the simulation is carried out. Finally, the reliability model of FSPM machine system and mean time to failure(MTTF) are calculated. The experimental results of a prototype machine verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, laid a foundation for the reliability design of stator permanent magnet machine.
引文
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[9]Rausand M,Hoyland A.System reliability theory:models,statistical methods and applications[M].2nd.Hoboken,NJ:Wiley,2005.
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[13]赵文祥,程明,朱孝勇,等.驱动用微特电机及其控制系统的可靠性技术研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(4):38-46.Zhao Wenxiang,Cheng Ming,Zhu Xiaoyong,et al.An overview of reliability of drive system for small and special electric machines[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(4):38-46.
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[15]Molaei M,Oraee H,Fotuhi-Firuzabad M.Markov model of drive-motor systems for reliability calculation[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,Montreal,Que,Canada,2006,3:2286-2291.
[16]汪可,杨丽君,廖瑞金,等.基于离散隐式马尔科夫模型的局部放电模式识别[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(8):205-212.Wang Ke,Yang Lijun,Liao Ruijin,et al.Partial discharge pattern recognition based on discrete Hidden Markov models[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(8):205-212.
[17]朱瑛,程明,花为,等.磁通切换电机的空间矢量脉宽调制控制[J].电机与控制学报,2010,14(3):45-50.Zhu Ying,Cheng Ming,Hua Wei,et al.Space-vector PWMcontrol of flux-switching permanent magnet motor[J].Electric Machines and Control,2010,14(3):45-50.
[18]Cheng Ming,Hua Wei,Zhang Jianzhong,et al.Overview of stator-permanent magnet brushless machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(11):5087-5101.
[19]US Department of Defense,Military Handbook Reliability Prediction of Electronics Equipment[S].MIL-HDBK-217F,Washington DC,1995.
[20]Ristow A,Begovic M,Pregelj A,et al.Development of a methodology for improving photovoltaic inverter reliability[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(7):2581-2592.
[21]Thorsen O V,Dalva M.A survey of faults on induction motors in offshore oil industry,petrochemical industry,gas terminals,and oil refineries[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1995,31(5):1186-1196.
[22]Yang Shaoyong,Bryant A,Mawby P,et al.An industry-based survey of reliability in power electronic converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2011,47(6):1441-1451.
[23]Tavner P J,Hasson J P.Predicting the design life of high integrity rotating electrical machines[C]//Ninth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives,Canterbury,UK,1999,468:286-290.
[24]Argile R N,Meerow B C,Atkinson D J,et al.Reliability analysis of fault tolerant drive topologies[C]//4th IETConference on Power Electronics,Machines and Drives,York,UK,2008:11-15.
[2]Yu Feng,Cheng Ming,Chau K T.Controllability and performance of a nine-phase FSPM motor under severe five open-phase fault conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(1):323-332.
[3]於锋,程明,夏子朋,等.3种谐波电流注入模式下的磁通切换永磁电机缺相容错控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(3):836-844.Yu Feng,Cheng Ming,Xia Zipeng,et al.Fault tolerant control of flux-switching permanent magnet motors with three kinds of harmonic current injections[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(3):836-844.
[4]Zhang Gan,Hua Wei,Cheng Ming,et al.Design and comparison of two six-phase hybrid-excited flux-switching machines for EV/HEV applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(1):481-493.
[5]Zhu Sa,Cheng Ming,Dong Jianning,et al.Core loss analysis and calculation of stator permanent-magnet machine considering DC-biased magnetic induction[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(10):5203-5212.
[6]谢德娥,王宇,邓智泉.考虑反电动势2次谐波的容错型磁通切换电机开路及短路故障控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(14):130-138.Xie De′e,Wang Yu,Deng Zhiquan.Fault-tolerant control strategy for fault tolerant flux-switching motor with one phase open or short considering second harmonic back-electromotive force[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(14):130-138.
[7]吴一丰,邓智泉,王宇,等.六相永磁容错磁通切换电机及其单相故障的容错控制[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(3):72-76.Wu Yifeng,Deng Zhiquan,Wang Yu,et al.Six-phase fault-tolerant flux switching permanent magnet motor and control strategy for single-phase fault condition[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(3):72-76.
[8]Bazzi A M,Dominguez-Garcia A,Krein P T.Markov reliability modeling for induction motor drives under field-oriented control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(2):534-546.
[9]Rausand M,Hoyland A.System reliability theory:models,statistical methods and applications[M].2nd.Hoboken,NJ:Wiley,2005.
[10]Sadeh J,Damchi Y.Reliability and sensitivity analysis of motor protection system using fault tree method[C]//2010 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition:Latin America(T&D-LA),Sao Paulo,Brazil,2010:226-230.
[11]AilamE H,Hachama M,Benallal M N,et al.Study of an axial superconducting motor using the Monte Carlo method[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2013,23(3):5201404.
[12]Al Badawi F S,Almuhaini M.Reliability modelling and assessment of electric motor driven systems in hydrocarbon industries[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2015,9(9):605-611.
[13]赵文祥,程明,朱孝勇,等.驱动用微特电机及其控制系统的可靠性技术研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(4):38-46.Zhao Wenxiang,Cheng Ming,Zhu Xiaoyong,et al.An overview of reliability of drive system for small and special electric machines[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(4):38-46.
[14]耿亮,王宇,肖文妍.6/19容错型永磁磁通切换电机的短路故障容错控制[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(增刊2):119-227.Geng Liang,Wang Yu,Xiao Wenyan.Fault-tolerant control strategy for short circuit failure of 6/19 fluxswitching permanent magnet motors[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(S2):119-227.
[15]Molaei M,Oraee H,Fotuhi-Firuzabad M.Markov model of drive-motor systems for reliability calculation[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,Montreal,Que,Canada,2006,3:2286-2291.
[16]汪可,杨丽君,廖瑞金,等.基于离散隐式马尔科夫模型的局部放电模式识别[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(8):205-212.Wang Ke,Yang Lijun,Liao Ruijin,et al.Partial discharge pattern recognition based on discrete Hidden Markov models[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(8):205-212.
[17]朱瑛,程明,花为,等.磁通切换电机的空间矢量脉宽调制控制[J].电机与控制学报,2010,14(3):45-50.Zhu Ying,Cheng Ming,Hua Wei,et al.Space-vector PWMcontrol of flux-switching permanent magnet motor[J].Electric Machines and Control,2010,14(3):45-50.
[18]Cheng Ming,Hua Wei,Zhang Jianzhong,et al.Overview of stator-permanent magnet brushless machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(11):5087-5101.
[19]US Department of Defense,Military Handbook Reliability Prediction of Electronics Equipment[S].MIL-HDBK-217F,Washington DC,1995.
[20]Ristow A,Begovic M,Pregelj A,et al.Development of a methodology for improving photovoltaic inverter reliability[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(7):2581-2592.
[21]Thorsen O V,Dalva M.A survey of faults on induction motors in offshore oil industry,petrochemical industry,gas terminals,and oil refineries[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1995,31(5):1186-1196.
[22]Yang Shaoyong,Bryant A,Mawby P,et al.An industry-based survey of reliability in power electronic converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2011,47(6):1441-1451.
[23]Tavner P J,Hasson J P.Predicting the design life of high integrity rotating electrical machines[C]//Ninth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives,Canterbury,UK,1999,468:286-290.
[24]Argile R N,Meerow B C,Atkinson D J,et al.Reliability analysis of fault tolerant drive topologies[C]//4th IETConference on Power Electronics,Machines and Drives,York,UK,2008:11-15.