不同用量猪粪对红壤花生坡地水土流失和磷素流失的影响
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摘要
通过田间径流微区定位试验,以中亚热带3种典型母质(花岗岩、红砂岩、红黏土)发育红壤花生坡地为研究对象,以当地常规化肥用量处理为对照,连续3年研究了在常规化肥用量减半条件下配施6个不同用量腐熟猪粪(猪粪含有0,0.5,1,2,4,8倍的对照处理磷用量)对红壤花生坡地水土流失和磷素流失的影响,以期为典型红壤地区合理施用猪粪提供科学依据。结果表明:化肥减半配施猪粪处理能有效降低红壤坡地的产流产沙,但随着猪粪用量的增加,径流水和泥沙磷含量均呈线性增加,环境风险增大。径流量和泥沙量均为花岗岩红壤>红砂岩红壤>红黏土红壤。配施3 500kg/(hm~2·a)猪粪,花岗岩红壤的径流量减少了28.0%、泥沙量减少了6.3%,红砂岩红壤的径流量减少了23.2%、泥沙量减少了37.1%;而配施7 000kg/(hm~2·a)猪粪,红黏土红壤的径流量减少了40.7%,泥沙量减少了12.8%。当花岗岩红壤、红砂岩红壤、红黏土红壤的猪粪用量分别达到14 000,28 000,28 000kg/(hm~2·a)时,径流水总磷平均含量超过地表水环境质量标准V类限值。径流水总磷含量为花岗岩红壤>红黏土红壤>红砂岩红壤,而泥沙总磷含量则为红黏土红壤>花岗岩红壤>红砂岩红壤。在减半化肥用量条件下花岗岩红壤和红砂岩红壤配施与常规化肥处理等磷量[P含量40kg/(hm~2·a)]的猪粪、红黏土红壤配施2倍常规化肥处理磷含量[P含量80kg/(hm~2·a)]的猪粪,可有效减少水土流失,且3年内不会增加磷素流失风险。
In order to provide scientific basis for rational application of pig manure as an organic fertilizer in typical red soil sloping l and s,a field runoff micro location test in peanut-grown red soils that developed from three typical parent materials(granite,red s and stone and red clay)was conducted for three consecutive years to monitor the effects of different pig manure amounts on water and soil loss and phosphorus loss in red soils in mid-subtropical region of China.The treatments included six application rates of pig manure(phosphorus content was 0,0.5,1,2,4 and 8 times that of the control)that combined with half amount of local conventional chemical fertilizers, and the application of conventional chemical fertilizers alone was taken as the control.The results showed that runoff and sediment were obviously reduced by the application of pig manure,but the phosphorus content in runoff and sediment increased linearly with the increasing of pig manure application rate, and this suggested a growing environmental risk.Runoff and sediment volume of the three red soils listed in the order of granite>red s and stone>red clay.When the pig manure application rate was 3500kg/(hm~2·a),runoff and sediment reduced by 28.0% and 6.3% ,respectively,in the red soil developed from granite, and the above two parameters reduced by 23.2% and 37.1% ,respectively,in the red soil developed from red s and stone.When the pig manure application rate was 7 000kg/(hm~2·a),runoff and sediment reduced by 40.7% and 12.8% respectively in the red soil developed from red clay.When the pig ma-nure application rates were 14 000,28 000 and 28 000kg/(hm~2·a)for red soils from granite,red s and stone and red clay,respectively,the average total phosphorus content in runoff exceeded the st and ard value of Environmental Quality St and ards for Surface Water of Class V.Total phosphorus content in runoff of the three kinds of red soil listed in the order of granite> red clay > red s and stone, and total phosphorus content in sediment of the three red soils listed in the order of red clay> granite>red s and stone.Under the condition of halving the conventional amount of chemical fertilizer,applying pig manure at the rate of 40 kg P/(hm~2·a)for soils developed from granite and red s and stone, and at the rate of 80 kg P/(hm~2·a)for the soil developed from red clay,could effectively reduce water and soil loss without increasing the risk of phosphorus loss over 3 years.
In order to provide scientific basis for rational application of pig manure as an organic fertilizer in typical red soil sloping l and s,a field runoff micro location test in peanut-grown red soils that developed from three typical parent materials(granite,red s and stone and red clay)was conducted for three consecutive years to monitor the effects of different pig manure amounts on water and soil loss and phosphorus loss in red soils in mid-subtropical region of China.The treatments included six application rates of pig manure(phosphorus content was 0,0.5,1,2,4 and 8 times that of the control)that combined with half amount of local conventional chemical fertilizers, and the application of conventional chemical fertilizers alone was taken as the control.The results showed that runoff and sediment were obviously reduced by the application of pig manure,but the phosphorus content in runoff and sediment increased linearly with the increasing of pig manure application rate, and this suggested a growing environmental risk.Runoff and sediment volume of the three red soils listed in the order of granite>red s and stone>red clay.When the pig manure application rate was 3500kg/(hm~2·a),runoff and sediment reduced by 28.0% and 6.3% ,respectively,in the red soil developed from granite, and the above two parameters reduced by 23.2% and 37.1% ,respectively,in the red soil developed from red s and stone.When the pig manure application rate was 7 000kg/(hm~2·a),runoff and sediment reduced by 40.7% and 12.8% respectively in the red soil developed from red clay.When the pig ma-nure application rates were 14 000,28 000 and 28 000kg/(hm~2·a)for red soils from granite,red s and stone and red clay,respectively,the average total phosphorus content in runoff exceeded the st and ard value of Environmental Quality St and ards for Surface Water of Class V.Total phosphorus content in runoff of the three kinds of red soil listed in the order of granite> red clay > red s and stone, and total phosphorus content in sediment of the three red soils listed in the order of red clay> granite>red s and stone.Under the condition of halving the conventional amount of chemical fertilizer,applying pig manure at the rate of 40 kg P/(hm~2·a)for soils developed from granite and red s and stone, and at the rate of 80 kg P/(hm~2·a)for the soil developed from red clay,could effectively reduce water and soil loss without increasing the risk of phosphorus loss over 3 years.
引文
[1]水利部,中国科学院,中国工程院.中国水土流失防治与生态安全(南方红壤区卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
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[5]周志高,李忠佩,何园球,等.红壤丘陵区生猪规模化养殖及其对土壤与水环境的影响:以江西省余江县为例[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):703-711.
[6]宋蒙亚,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同有机物料组合对土壤养分和生化性状的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(17):3594-3603.
[7]Hou X Q,Wang X J,Li R,et al.Effects of different manure application rates on soil properties,nutrient use,and crop yield during dryland maize farming[J].Soil Research,2012,50(6):507-514.
[8]宋金红,吴景贵.不同有机培肥对黑土团聚体含量及特征的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(3):103-108.
[9]徐秋桐,鲍陈燕,张莉,等.施用富铜锌猪粪对低丘茶园土壤及茶叶重金属积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(5):204-208.
[10]潘霞,陈励科,卜元卿,等.畜禽有机肥对典型蔬果地土壤剖面重金属与抗生素分布的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(5):518-525.
[11]王利民,林新坚,黄东风,等.不同培肥模式下闽东茶园水土及其氮磷流失特征[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):69-72,78.
[12]李喜喜,王昌全,杨娟,等.猪粪施用对水稻田面水养分动态变化特征及流失风险的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):130-136.
[13]张玉平,荣湘民,刘强,等.有机无机肥配施对旱地作物养分利用率及氮磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):44-48.
[14]郭智,周炜,陈留根,等.施用猪粪有机肥对稻麦两熟农田稻季养分径流流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):21-25.
[15]杨洁,郭晓敏,宋月君,等.江西红壤坡地柑橘园生态水文特征及水土保持效益[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):468-474.
[16]闫建梅,何丙辉,田太强.不同施肥与耕作对紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀及氮素流失的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(20):4027-4035.
[17]聂军,郑圣先,杨曾平,等.长期施用化肥、猪粪和稻草对红壤性水稻土物理性质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(7):1404-1413.
[18]朱巧红,彭新华,潘艳斌,等.添加有机物料对花生不同生育时期产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):29-33.
[19]张瑞国,王克勤,陈奇伯,等.昆明市水源区不同利用类型坡地径流氮和磷的输出特征[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(5):607-611.
[20]王婷婷,王俊,赵牧秋,等.有机肥对设施菜地土壤磷素累积及有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(1):95-100.
[21]杜会英,袁志华,常玉海,等.畜禽粪便中磷释放运移特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2363-2367.
[22]史学正,于东升,邢廷炎.用田间实测法研究我国亚热带土壤的可蚀性K值[J].土壤学报,1997,34(4):399-405.
[23]徐祥明,高珍萍,邱秀亮,等.赣南不同母质及植被覆盖对红壤水稳性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(5):55-58.
[24]Srensen P.Short-term nitrogen transformations in soil amended with animal manure[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33(9):1211-1216.
[25]Hernández T,Moral R,Perez-Espinosa A,et al.Nitrogen mineralisation potential in calcareous soils amended with sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2002,83(3):213-219.
[26]宋春丽.旱作条件下不同母质红壤磷吸附作用及其影响因素研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(2):129-134.
[27]张迪,周志高,杨奕如,等.中亚热带三种母质发育的红壤对猪粪安全消纳量的初步研究[J].土壤,2015,47(2):414-421.
[28]Aulakh M S,Garg A K,Kabba B S.Phosphorus accumulation,leaching and residual effects on crop yields from long-term applications in the subtropics[J].Soil Use and Management,2007,23(4):417-427.
[2]梁音,张斌,潘贤章,等.南方红壤丘陵区水土流失现状与综合治理对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):22-27.
[3]王兴祥,张桃林.红壤旱坡地农田生态系统养分循环和平衡[J].生态学报,1999,19(3):335-341.
[4]Bertol O J,Rizzi N E,Favaretto N,et al.Phosphorus loss by surface runoff in no-till system under mineral and organic fertilization[J].Scientia Agricola,2010,67(1):71-77.
[5]周志高,李忠佩,何园球,等.红壤丘陵区生猪规模化养殖及其对土壤与水环境的影响:以江西省余江县为例[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):703-711.
[6]宋蒙亚,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同有机物料组合对土壤养分和生化性状的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(17):3594-3603.
[7]Hou X Q,Wang X J,Li R,et al.Effects of different manure application rates on soil properties,nutrient use,and crop yield during dryland maize farming[J].Soil Research,2012,50(6):507-514.
[8]宋金红,吴景贵.不同有机培肥对黑土团聚体含量及特征的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(3):103-108.
[9]徐秋桐,鲍陈燕,张莉,等.施用富铜锌猪粪对低丘茶园土壤及茶叶重金属积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(5):204-208.
[10]潘霞,陈励科,卜元卿,等.畜禽有机肥对典型蔬果地土壤剖面重金属与抗生素分布的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(5):518-525.
[11]王利民,林新坚,黄东风,等.不同培肥模式下闽东茶园水土及其氮磷流失特征[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):69-72,78.
[12]李喜喜,王昌全,杨娟,等.猪粪施用对水稻田面水养分动态变化特征及流失风险的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):130-136.
[13]张玉平,荣湘民,刘强,等.有机无机肥配施对旱地作物养分利用率及氮磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):44-48.
[14]郭智,周炜,陈留根,等.施用猪粪有机肥对稻麦两熟农田稻季养分径流流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):21-25.
[15]杨洁,郭晓敏,宋月君,等.江西红壤坡地柑橘园生态水文特征及水土保持效益[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):468-474.
[16]闫建梅,何丙辉,田太强.不同施肥与耕作对紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀及氮素流失的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(20):4027-4035.
[17]聂军,郑圣先,杨曾平,等.长期施用化肥、猪粪和稻草对红壤性水稻土物理性质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(7):1404-1413.
[18]朱巧红,彭新华,潘艳斌,等.添加有机物料对花生不同生育时期产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):29-33.
[19]张瑞国,王克勤,陈奇伯,等.昆明市水源区不同利用类型坡地径流氮和磷的输出特征[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(5):607-611.
[20]王婷婷,王俊,赵牧秋,等.有机肥对设施菜地土壤磷素累积及有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(1):95-100.
[21]杜会英,袁志华,常玉海,等.畜禽粪便中磷释放运移特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2363-2367.
[22]史学正,于东升,邢廷炎.用田间实测法研究我国亚热带土壤的可蚀性K值[J].土壤学报,1997,34(4):399-405.
[23]徐祥明,高珍萍,邱秀亮,等.赣南不同母质及植被覆盖对红壤水稳性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(5):55-58.
[24]Srensen P.Short-term nitrogen transformations in soil amended with animal manure[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33(9):1211-1216.
[25]Hernández T,Moral R,Perez-Espinosa A,et al.Nitrogen mineralisation potential in calcareous soils amended with sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2002,83(3):213-219.
[26]宋春丽.旱作条件下不同母质红壤磷吸附作用及其影响因素研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(2):129-134.
[27]张迪,周志高,杨奕如,等.中亚热带三种母质发育的红壤对猪粪安全消纳量的初步研究[J].土壤,2015,47(2):414-421.
[28]Aulakh M S,Garg A K,Kabba B S.Phosphorus accumulation,leaching and residual effects on crop yields from long-term applications in the subtropics[J].Soil Use and Management,2007,23(4):417-427.