兽用抗生素磺胺二甲嘧啶对麦田NH_3挥发的影响
|
摘要
为了研究磺胺类兽药抗生素对麦田NH_3挥发的影响,采用了田间原位观测试验,对比分析了不同浓度磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)在不同氮肥类型条件下对麦田NH_3挥发的影响.试验共设9个处理,分别为:无氮肥无抗生素(CK);复合肥为基肥,分别加施0,5,15,30mg/kg土的磺胺二甲嘧啶处理(CF、CF+SMZ5、CF+SMZ15、CF+SMZ30);猪粪为基肥,分别加施0,5,15,30mg/kg土的磺胺二甲嘧啶处理(CM、CM+SMZ5、CM+SMZ15、CM+SMZ30).所有施肥处理追肥均为尿素.结果表明:基肥阶段各处理之间的NH_3挥发速率无显著差异(P>0.05),追肥阶段各处理之间有极显著差异(P<0.01),中高浓度SMZ表现为明显的促进作用(P<0.05).整个观测期,CF、CF+SMZ5、CF+SMZ15、CF+SMZ30和CM、CM+SMZ5、CM+SMZ15、CM+SMZ30处理的NH_3-N损失百分比分别为5.5%、6.6%、13.9%、10.7%、11.0%、12.4%、11.9%、16.9%,其中CF+SMZ15、CF+SMZ30和CM+SMZ30处理显著增加了NH_3-N挥发累积量(P<0.05),其导致的NH_3-N损失比分别是同种基肥零抗生素添加的2.5、2.0和1.5倍,表明磺胺二甲嘧啶与复合肥的混施对土壤NH_3挥发的促进效应要高于与猪粪的同步混施.兽药抗生素对土壤NH_3挥发的影响不容忽视.因此,需大力加强对兽药抗生素的管控,并进一步探明不同兽药抗生素对土壤NH_3挥发的影响机制,为减缓兽用抗生素的环境污染生态效应作支撑.
To study the effect of veterinary antibiotics sulfamethazine(SMZ) in low, medium and high concentrations and their interactions with different N fertilizers on NH_3 volatilization from cropland, an in-situ observation experiment was conducted during the 2016~17 winter-wheat season. The treatments included no fertilizer and no antibiotics applied(CK), compound fertilizer used as basal fertilizer, with the addition of 0, 5, 15, 30 mg/kg SMZ respectively(CF, CF+SMZ5, CF+SMZ15, CF+SMZ30), pig manure used as basal fertilizer, with the addition of 0, 5, 15, 30 mg/kg SMZ respectively(CM, CM+SMZ5, CM+SMZ15, CM+SMZ30). Urea was applied as topdressing in all fertilizing treatments. The results showed that the NH_3 volatilization rate had no significant difference among all treatments during the basal fertilizing period(P>0.05), while it had an extremely significant difference among all treatments during the topdressing period(P<0.01). SMZ in medium and high concentrations obviously increased the NH_3 volatilization rate. During the entire sampling period, the percentage of applied N lost as NH_3-N for CF+SMZ5, CF+SMZ15, CF+SMZ30, CM+SMZ5, CM+SMZ15 and CM+SMZ30 treatments was 5.5%, 6.6%, 13.9%, 10.7%, 11.0%, 12.4%, 11.9% and 16.9%, respectively. In comparison with the same basal fertilizer and no SMZ use treatment, CF+SMZ15, CF+SMZ30 and CM+SMZ30 treatments significantly increased cumulative NH_3 volatilization(P<0.05) and they had 2.5, 2.0 and 1.5 times as many percentages of NH_3 volatilization as CF or CM treatment, respectively. This indicated that the promoting effect of NH_3 volatilization caused by SMZ mixed with compound fertilizer was much greater than that together with pig manure. Therefore, the effect of veterinary antibiotic on NH_3 volatilization in soils cannot be ignored. In order to reduce the environmental pollution of veterinary antibiotics, we should strengthen the management of veterinary antibiotics and need to further explore the mechanism of different veterinary antibiotics affecting soil NH_3 volatilization in the future.
To study the effect of veterinary antibiotics sulfamethazine(SMZ) in low, medium and high concentrations and their interactions with different N fertilizers on NH_3 volatilization from cropland, an in-situ observation experiment was conducted during the 2016~17 winter-wheat season. The treatments included no fertilizer and no antibiotics applied(CK), compound fertilizer used as basal fertilizer, with the addition of 0, 5, 15, 30 mg/kg SMZ respectively(CF, CF+SMZ5, CF+SMZ15, CF+SMZ30), pig manure used as basal fertilizer, with the addition of 0, 5, 15, 30 mg/kg SMZ respectively(CM, CM+SMZ5, CM+SMZ15, CM+SMZ30). Urea was applied as topdressing in all fertilizing treatments. The results showed that the NH_3 volatilization rate had no significant difference among all treatments during the basal fertilizing period(P>0.05), while it had an extremely significant difference among all treatments during the topdressing period(P<0.01). SMZ in medium and high concentrations obviously increased the NH_3 volatilization rate. During the entire sampling period, the percentage of applied N lost as NH_3-N for CF+SMZ5, CF+SMZ15, CF+SMZ30, CM+SMZ5, CM+SMZ15 and CM+SMZ30 treatments was 5.5%, 6.6%, 13.9%, 10.7%, 11.0%, 12.4%, 11.9% and 16.9%, respectively. In comparison with the same basal fertilizer and no SMZ use treatment, CF+SMZ15, CF+SMZ30 and CM+SMZ30 treatments significantly increased cumulative NH_3 volatilization(P<0.05) and they had 2.5, 2.0 and 1.5 times as many percentages of NH_3 volatilization as CF or CM treatment, respectively. This indicated that the promoting effect of NH_3 volatilization caused by SMZ mixed with compound fertilizer was much greater than that together with pig manure. Therefore, the effect of veterinary antibiotic on NH_3 volatilization in soils cannot be ignored. In order to reduce the environmental pollution of veterinary antibiotics, we should strengthen the management of veterinary antibiotics and need to further explore the mechanism of different veterinary antibiotics affecting soil NH_3 volatilization in the future.
引文
[1]姜珊珊.氮肥减量及不同品种肥料配施对稻麦农田CH4和N2O(直接和间接)排放的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2017.
[2]倪康,丁维新,蔡祖聪.有机复合肥长期定位试验土壤小麦季氨挥发损失及其影响因素研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(12):2614-2622.
[3]朱兆良,文启孝.中国土壤氮素[M].南京:江苏科技出版社,1992:171-185.
[4]孙志高,刘景双,于君宝,等.湿地土壤NH3挥发、N2O释放过程及影响因素[J].湿地科学,2008,6(3):429-439.
[5]Wu Y Y,Gu B J,Jan W E,et al.PM2.5 pollution is substantially affected by ammonia emissions in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,218:86-94.
[6]鲍陈燕.猪粪对抗生素在农田系统中行为的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[7]Kotzerke A,Sharma S,Schauss K,et al.Alterations in soil microbial activity and N-transformation processes due to sulfadiazine loads in pig-manure[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,153(2):315-322.
[8]Zhao L,Dong Y H,Wang H.Residues of veterinary antibiotics in manures from feedlot livestock in eight provinces of China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(5):1069-1075.
[9]成玉婷,吴小莲,向垒,等.广州市典型有机蔬菜基地土壤中磺胺类抗生素污染特征及风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):1154-1161.
[10]Liu F,Tao R,Ying J F,et al.Effects of six selected antibiotics on plant growth and soil microbial and enzymatic activities[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157(5):1636-1642.
[11]阮琳琳,林辉,马军伟,等.土壤中单一及复合抗生素的降解及微生物响应[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):1081-1089.
[12]Ma J W,Lin H,Sun W C,et al.Soil microbial systems respond differentially to tetracycline,sulfamonomethoxine,and ciprofloxacin entering soil under pot experimental conditions alone and in combination[J].Environment Science Pollution Research,2014,21(12):7436–7448.
[13]国彬,姚丽贤,刘忠珍,等.磺胺类兽药对土壤生化功能及氮素的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(4):596-600.
[14]Hou L J,Yin G Y,Liu M,et al.Effects of sulfamethazine on denitrification and the associated N2O release in estuarine and coastal sediments[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49:326-333.
[15]Sarmah A K,Meyer M T,Boxall A B.A global perspective on the use,sales,exposure pathways,occurrence,fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics VAs in the environment[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(5):725-759.
[16]王娜.环境中磺胺类抗生素及其抗性基因的污染特征及风险研究[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
[17]Ji X,Shen Q,Liu F,et al.Antibiotic resistance gene abundances associated with antibiotics and heavy metals in animal manures and agricultural soils adjacent to feedlots in Shanghai;China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,235-236(20):178-185.
[18]王朝辉,刘学军,巨晓棠,等.田间土壤氨挥发的原位测定-通气法[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):205-209.
[19]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986:294-302.
[20]李彦文,莫测辉,赵娜,等.高效液相色谱法测定水和土壤中磺胺类抗生素[J].分析化学,2008,36(7):954-958.
[21]Rosendahl I,Siemens J,Kindler R,et al.Persistence of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic difloxac in soil and lacking effects on nitrogen turnover[J].Environment Quality,2012,41(4):1275–1283.
[22]Olesen J E,Rubaek G H,Heidmann T,et al.Effect of climate change on greenhouse gas emissions from arable crop rotations[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem,2004,70(2):147-160.
[23]孔维栋,朱永官.抗生素类兽药对植物和土壤微生物的生态毒理学效应研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(1):1-9.
[24]Hossain A K M,A lexander M.Enhanzing soybean rhizosphere colonization by Rhizobium japonicum[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1984,48(3):468-472.
[25]王冉,刘铁铮,耿志明,等.兽药磺胺二甲嘧啶在土壤中的生态行为[J].土壤学报,2007,44(2):307-311.
[26]徐秋桐,顾国平,张明奎.适宜水分和养分提高土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶降解率[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):132-138.
[2]倪康,丁维新,蔡祖聪.有机复合肥长期定位试验土壤小麦季氨挥发损失及其影响因素研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(12):2614-2622.
[3]朱兆良,文启孝.中国土壤氮素[M].南京:江苏科技出版社,1992:171-185.
[4]孙志高,刘景双,于君宝,等.湿地土壤NH3挥发、N2O释放过程及影响因素[J].湿地科学,2008,6(3):429-439.
[5]Wu Y Y,Gu B J,Jan W E,et al.PM2.5 pollution is substantially affected by ammonia emissions in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,218:86-94.
[6]鲍陈燕.猪粪对抗生素在农田系统中行为的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[7]Kotzerke A,Sharma S,Schauss K,et al.Alterations in soil microbial activity and N-transformation processes due to sulfadiazine loads in pig-manure[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,153(2):315-322.
[8]Zhao L,Dong Y H,Wang H.Residues of veterinary antibiotics in manures from feedlot livestock in eight provinces of China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(5):1069-1075.
[9]成玉婷,吴小莲,向垒,等.广州市典型有机蔬菜基地土壤中磺胺类抗生素污染特征及风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):1154-1161.
[10]Liu F,Tao R,Ying J F,et al.Effects of six selected antibiotics on plant growth and soil microbial and enzymatic activities[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157(5):1636-1642.
[11]阮琳琳,林辉,马军伟,等.土壤中单一及复合抗生素的降解及微生物响应[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(3):1081-1089.
[12]Ma J W,Lin H,Sun W C,et al.Soil microbial systems respond differentially to tetracycline,sulfamonomethoxine,and ciprofloxacin entering soil under pot experimental conditions alone and in combination[J].Environment Science Pollution Research,2014,21(12):7436–7448.
[13]国彬,姚丽贤,刘忠珍,等.磺胺类兽药对土壤生化功能及氮素的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(4):596-600.
[14]Hou L J,Yin G Y,Liu M,et al.Effects of sulfamethazine on denitrification and the associated N2O release in estuarine and coastal sediments[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49:326-333.
[15]Sarmah A K,Meyer M T,Boxall A B.A global perspective on the use,sales,exposure pathways,occurrence,fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics VAs in the environment[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(5):725-759.
[16]王娜.环境中磺胺类抗生素及其抗性基因的污染特征及风险研究[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
[17]Ji X,Shen Q,Liu F,et al.Antibiotic resistance gene abundances associated with antibiotics and heavy metals in animal manures and agricultural soils adjacent to feedlots in Shanghai;China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,235-236(20):178-185.
[18]王朝辉,刘学军,巨晓棠,等.田间土壤氨挥发的原位测定-通气法[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):205-209.
[19]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986:294-302.
[20]李彦文,莫测辉,赵娜,等.高效液相色谱法测定水和土壤中磺胺类抗生素[J].分析化学,2008,36(7):954-958.
[21]Rosendahl I,Siemens J,Kindler R,et al.Persistence of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic difloxac in soil and lacking effects on nitrogen turnover[J].Environment Quality,2012,41(4):1275–1283.
[22]Olesen J E,Rubaek G H,Heidmann T,et al.Effect of climate change on greenhouse gas emissions from arable crop rotations[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem,2004,70(2):147-160.
[23]孔维栋,朱永官.抗生素类兽药对植物和土壤微生物的生态毒理学效应研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(1):1-9.
[24]Hossain A K M,A lexander M.Enhanzing soybean rhizosphere colonization by Rhizobium japonicum[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1984,48(3):468-472.
[25]王冉,刘铁铮,耿志明,等.兽药磺胺二甲嘧啶在土壤中的生态行为[J].土壤学报,2007,44(2):307-311.
[26]徐秋桐,顾国平,张明奎.适宜水分和养分提高土壤中磺胺二甲嘧啶降解率[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):132-138.