液压式馈能减振器的外特性及馈能特性分析
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摘要
为了使悬架减振器在改善汽车行驶平顺性的同时完成振动能量的回收,首先以某品牌减振器为原型设计一种实用新型液压式馈能减振器的原理及结构,依据工作原理构建该减振器的油液流动中流量与压降之间的关系理论模型;然后在AMESim中建立等效参数化仿真模型分析所设计的液压式馈能减振器的外特性及能量回收特性能否满足实际工作需求;最后在Simulink中进行液压式馈能悬架总成AMESim模型与路面时域输入模型的联合仿真,分析此减振器装车后在实际路面激励下对车辆平顺性的影响及能量回收效果.分析结果表明:此液压式馈能减振器压缩/复原行程阻尼力符合减振器阻尼力允差的国标要求;示功图形状饱满无明显畸变,体现出良好的外特性,满足减振器的设计要求;馈能特性符合最初设计的只在压缩行程回收能量的思想;馈能特性曲线呈现出显著的峰值特性并受到减振器高频响应特性的影响;悬架平顺性满足行驶要求,实际行驶中具有一定的能量回收潜力.本文所设计的液压式馈能减振器基本能达到预期目标,对节能减排有借鉴价值.
Firstly,the principle and structure of hydraulic energy regenerative damper is designed based on a brand rear damper in order to reduce energy consumption and realize energy recovery of suspension vibration. Based on the working principle,the theoretical model of the relation between flow rate and pressure drop of the hydraulic energy regenerative damper is established. Then,an equivalent parameterized simulation model is established in AMESim to analyze whether the external characteristics and energy recovery characteristics of the designed damper can meet actual requirements. Finally, the simulation model of the energy regenerative suspension is established and combined with the pavement time-domain input model built in Simulink in order to analyze the influence of the energy regenerative damper on the vehicle ride comfort and the energy recovery effect under actual road conditions.The results indicate that: the compression/extension damping force of the damper meets the national standard requirements; the performance characteristic curve is full without obvious distortion and presents good external characteristics; hydraulic energy regenerative damper meets the original idea of energy recovery only during compression strokes. The results also indicate that: the energy regenerative characteristic curve is affected by the high-frequency response characteristics and presents a significant peak performance; the suspension ride comfort meets the requirement and has certain energy recovery potential in actual driving. The hydraulic energy regenerative damper designed in this paper can meet the expected target,which has reference value for energy conservation and emission reduction.
Firstly,the principle and structure of hydraulic energy regenerative damper is designed based on a brand rear damper in order to reduce energy consumption and realize energy recovery of suspension vibration. Based on the working principle,the theoretical model of the relation between flow rate and pressure drop of the hydraulic energy regenerative damper is established. Then,an equivalent parameterized simulation model is established in AMESim to analyze whether the external characteristics and energy recovery characteristics of the designed damper can meet actual requirements. Finally, the simulation model of the energy regenerative suspension is established and combined with the pavement time-domain input model built in Simulink in order to analyze the influence of the energy regenerative damper on the vehicle ride comfort and the energy recovery effect under actual road conditions.The results indicate that: the compression/extension damping force of the damper meets the national standard requirements; the performance characteristic curve is full without obvious distortion and presents good external characteristics; hydraulic energy regenerative damper meets the original idea of energy recovery only during compression strokes. The results also indicate that: the energy regenerative characteristic curve is affected by the high-frequency response characteristics and presents a significant peak performance; the suspension ride comfort meets the requirement and has certain energy recovery potential in actual driving. The hydraulic energy regenerative damper designed in this paper can meet the expected target,which has reference value for energy conservation and emission reduction.
引文
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[7]LI Z,ZUO L,LUHRS G,et al.Electromagnetic energy-harvesting shock absorbers:design,modeling and road tests[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2013,62(3):1065-1074.DOI:10.1109/TVT.2012.2229308.
[8]徐琳.汽车液电馈能式减振器研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2011.DOI:10.7666/d.y1948775.XU Lin.Study on hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber of automobile[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2011.DOI:10.7666/d.y1948775.
[9]张晗,过学迅,徐琳,等.液电式馈能减振器外特性仿真与试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(2):38-46.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.006.ZHANG Han,GUO Xuexun,XU Lin,et al.Simulation and test for hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(2):38-46.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.006.
[10]方志刚.汽车液电馈能式减振器馈能理论及阻尼特性研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013.FANG Zhigang.Energy recovery theory and damping characteristic research of vehicle hydraulic electromagnetic shock absorber[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2013.
[11]过学迅,彭明,邹俊逸,等.商用车悬架馈能潜力影响因素研究[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(5):151-158.DOI:1001-7372(2016)05-0151-08.GUO Xuexun,PENG Ming,ZOU Junyi,et al.Study on factors influencing energy regenerative suspension potential for commercial vehicles[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(5):151-158.DOI:1001-7372(2016)05-0151-08.
[12]战敏.液电式馈能减振器动力学仿真和性能研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.ZHAN Min.Dynamic simulation and performance study of hydraulic electromagnetic regenerative shock absorber[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015.
[13]刘松山.电磁馈能悬架阻尼特性研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.LIU Songshan.Research on damping characteristics of electromagnetic regenerative suspension[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.
[14]ZHANG G,CAO J,YU F.Design of active and energy-regenerative controllers for DC-motor-based suspension[J].Mechatronics,2012,22(8):1124-1134.DOI:10.1016/j.mechatronics.2012.09.007.
[15]PIRESL,SMITH M C,HOUGHTON N E,et al.Design trade-offs for energy regeneration and control in vehicle suspensions[J].International Journal of Control,2013,86(11):2022-2034.DOI:10.1080/00207179.2013.830197.
[16]SINGAL K,RAJAMANI R.Zero-energyactive suspension system for automobiles with adaptive sky-hook damping[J].Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,2013,135(1):011011-011019.DOI:10.1115/1.4007020
[2]SATOH M,FUKUSHIMA N,AKATSU Y,et al.An active suspension employing an electrohydraulic pressure control system[C]//Proceedings of the 29th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.Honolulu:IEEE,1990:2226-2231.DOI:10.1109/CDC.1990.204021.
[3]陈士安,何仁,陆森林.馈能型悬架的仿真与性能评价研究[J].汽车工程,2006,28(2):167-171.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-680X.2006.02.014.CHEN Shian,HE Ren,LU Senlin.A study on the simulation of energy regenerative suspension and performance evaluation[J].Automotive Engineering,2006,28(2):167-171.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-680X.2006.02.014.
[4]SHIMOKAWA S,AIHARA T,IWASAKI S,et al.HBMC(hydraulic body motion control system)for production vehicle application[J].SAE Technical Paper,2011-01-0563,2011.DOI:10.4271/2011-01-0563.
[5]ZUO L,SCULLY B,SHESTANI J,et al.Design and characterization of an electromagnetic energy harvester for vehicle suspensions[J].Smart Materials&Structures,2010,19(4):1007-1016.DOI:10.1088/0964-1726/19/4/045003.
[6]TANG X,ZUO L.Enhanced vibration energy harvesting using dualmass systems[J].Journal of Sound&Vibration,2011,330(21):5199-5209.DOI:10.1016/j.jsv.2011.05.019.
[7]LI Z,ZUO L,LUHRS G,et al.Electromagnetic energy-harvesting shock absorbers:design,modeling and road tests[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2013,62(3):1065-1074.DOI:10.1109/TVT.2012.2229308.
[8]徐琳.汽车液电馈能式减振器研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2011.DOI:10.7666/d.y1948775.XU Lin.Study on hydraulic transmission energy-regenerative shock absorber of automobile[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2011.DOI:10.7666/d.y1948775.
[9]张晗,过学迅,徐琳,等.液电式馈能减振器外特性仿真与试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(2):38-46.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.006.ZHANG Han,GUO Xuexun,XU Lin,et al.Simulation and test for hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(2):38-46.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.02.006.
[10]方志刚.汽车液电馈能式减振器馈能理论及阻尼特性研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013.FANG Zhigang.Energy recovery theory and damping characteristic research of vehicle hydraulic electromagnetic shock absorber[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2013.
[11]过学迅,彭明,邹俊逸,等.商用车悬架馈能潜力影响因素研究[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(5):151-158.DOI:1001-7372(2016)05-0151-08.GUO Xuexun,PENG Ming,ZOU Junyi,et al.Study on factors influencing energy regenerative suspension potential for commercial vehicles[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(5):151-158.DOI:1001-7372(2016)05-0151-08.
[12]战敏.液电式馈能减振器动力学仿真和性能研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.ZHAN Min.Dynamic simulation and performance study of hydraulic electromagnetic regenerative shock absorber[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015.
[13]刘松山.电磁馈能悬架阻尼特性研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.LIU Songshan.Research on damping characteristics of electromagnetic regenerative suspension[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.
[14]ZHANG G,CAO J,YU F.Design of active and energy-regenerative controllers for DC-motor-based suspension[J].Mechatronics,2012,22(8):1124-1134.DOI:10.1016/j.mechatronics.2012.09.007.
[15]PIRESL,SMITH M C,HOUGHTON N E,et al.Design trade-offs for energy regeneration and control in vehicle suspensions[J].International Journal of Control,2013,86(11):2022-2034.DOI:10.1080/00207179.2013.830197.
[16]SINGAL K,RAJAMANI R.Zero-energyactive suspension system for automobiles with adaptive sky-hook damping[J].Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,2013,135(1):011011-011019.DOI:10.1115/1.4007020