2017年天津市河西区15岁及以上居民烟草流行调查
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摘要
目的了解天津市河西区≥15岁居民烟草流行状况,为政府制定控烟政策、干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群概率抽样法,采用按容量比例概率抽样法(PPS)抽取2017年天津市河西区东海街、挂甲寺街、天塔街3个街道,每个街道抽取2个居委会,采用简单随机抽样法,在每个居委会的住户名单中抽取75户。调查员根据抽中住户地址,按调查问卷要求进行家庭成员信息登记,电子设备自动随机抽取1名15岁及以上调查对象。结果本次共调查居民464人,其中男性218人,女性246人,总吸烟率为20.7%,其中男性吸烟率为38.1%,女性为5.3%。男女性吸烟率最高的是50～<60岁年龄组,分别为58.3%和9.8%,男性各年龄段的吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.899,P<0.05),女性各年龄段的吸烟率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.866,P>0.05)。吸烟率随着文化程度的升高有所降低,男性不同文化程度吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.863,P<0.05)。不同职业人群中,男性未就业人员吸烟率最高(100.0%),女性其他职业吸烟率最高(11.1%)。在烟草知识、态度和认识方面,赞成提高卷烟税赋(提高卷烟价格)男女性之间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.632,P<0.05)。结论天津市河西区≥15岁居民吸烟率低于天津市和其他省市水平。河西区作为国家卫生城区,还应开展多种形式的控烟活动,加大烟草危害的健康教育力度,提高居民控烟知识知晓率,降低人群吸烟率。
[Objective] To understand the tobacco epidemic situation of residents over 15 years old in Hexi District of Tianjin,provide scientific evidence for the government to formulate tobacco control policies and intervention measures.[Methods] Stratified multi-stage cluster probability sampling method was adopted. By the probability proportional to size(PPS)method,Donghai Street,Guajiasi Street and Tianta Street were sampled in Hexi District of Tianjin in 2017,and two neighborhood committees were selected from each street. Using simple random sampling method,75 households were selected from the household list of each neighborhood committee. Investigators registered the information of family members according to the address of the households,and one 15 year-old and above respondent was automatically selected by electronic equipment.[Results]A total of 464 residents were surveyed,including 218 males and 246 females. The total smoking rate was 20.7%,while the smoking rate in males and females was 38.1% and 5.3% respectively. The smoking rate in 50-<60 year-old age group was the highest in both male and female groups,which was 58.3% and 9.8% respectively. The difference in smoking rate in males was statistically significant among different age groups(χ~2=9.899,P <0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in smoking rate in females among different age groups(χ~2=3.866,P>0.05). Smoking rate decreased with the increase of educational level. The difference in smoking rate in males was statistically significant among different educational level groups(χ~2=7.863,P<0.05).Among the different occupational groups, the unemployed persons had the highest smoking rate in males(100.0%) and other occupations had the highest smoking rate in females(11.1%). In terms of tobacco knowledge,attitudes and awareness,there was statistically significant difference in favor of raising cigarette tax(raising cigarette prices) between males and females(χ~2=6.632,P<0.05).[Conclusion]The smoking rate of residents over 15 years old in Hexi District of Tianjin is lower than that of Tianjin and other provinces and cities. As a national health city,Hexi District should also carry out various forms of tobacco control activities,and strengthen health education on tobacco hazards,to improve residents' awareness of tobacco control knowledge,and reduce the smoking rate of the population.
[Objective] To understand the tobacco epidemic situation of residents over 15 years old in Hexi District of Tianjin,provide scientific evidence for the government to formulate tobacco control policies and intervention measures.[Methods] Stratified multi-stage cluster probability sampling method was adopted. By the probability proportional to size(PPS)method,Donghai Street,Guajiasi Street and Tianta Street were sampled in Hexi District of Tianjin in 2017,and two neighborhood committees were selected from each street. Using simple random sampling method,75 households were selected from the household list of each neighborhood committee. Investigators registered the information of family members according to the address of the households,and one 15 year-old and above respondent was automatically selected by electronic equipment.[Results]A total of 464 residents were surveyed,including 218 males and 246 females. The total smoking rate was 20.7%,while the smoking rate in males and females was 38.1% and 5.3% respectively. The smoking rate in 50-<60 year-old age group was the highest in both male and female groups,which was 58.3% and 9.8% respectively. The difference in smoking rate in males was statistically significant among different age groups(χ~2=9.899,P <0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in smoking rate in females among different age groups(χ~2=3.866,P>0.05). Smoking rate decreased with the increase of educational level. The difference in smoking rate in males was statistically significant among different educational level groups(χ~2=7.863,P<0.05).Among the different occupational groups, the unemployed persons had the highest smoking rate in males(100.0%) and other occupations had the highest smoking rate in females(11.1%). In terms of tobacco knowledge,attitudes and awareness,there was statistically significant difference in favor of raising cigarette tax(raising cigarette prices) between males and females(χ~2=6.632,P<0.05).[Conclusion]The smoking rate of residents over 15 years old in Hexi District of Tianjin is lower than that of Tianjin and other provinces and cities. As a national health city,Hexi District should also carry out various forms of tobacco control activities,and strengthen health education on tobacco hazards,to improve residents' awareness of tobacco control knowledge,and reduce the smoking rate of the population.
引文
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[15]康国荣,鲁培俊,钱国宏,等.甘肃省15~69岁城乡居民烟草流行状况研究[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(10):919-924.
[16]杨功焕,马杰民,刘娜,等.中国人群2002年吸烟和被动吸烟的现状调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(2):77-83.
[17]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心.中国慢性病及其危险因素监测分析报告(2004)[M].北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2009:11-13.
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[19]张梅,王丽敏,李镒冲,等.2010年中国成年人吸烟与戒烟行为现状调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,2012,46(5):404-408.
[20]王刚,顾清,高皓宇,等.天津市居民吸烟及戒烟状况调查分析[J].中国社会医学杂志,2016,33(4):364-367.
[2]杨功焕.2010年全球成人烟草调查中国报告[M].北京:中国三峡出版社,2011:13-14.
[3]边疆,孙涓.全球烟草流行趋势及中国医学生烟草使用现状[J].内蒙古医学杂志,2011,43(18):8-11.
[4]唐铭坚,谭礼萍,刘争红,等.吸烟对健康的危害及控烟策略[J].中国医药导报,2012,9(22):155-156.
[5]齐晓艳.河南省居民吸烟与被动吸烟现状及其影响因素研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2014:7-8.
[6]辽宁省统计局.辽宁省2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2010:6-7.
[7]中华人民共和国卫生部疾病预防控制局,中国疾病预防控制中心.中国慢性病报告[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:22-23.
[8]姜垣,李新建,赵国栋,等.六城市吸烟者对烟草危害的认知现状[J].中国健康教育,2008,24(9):665-668.
[9]邓溪文,俞美蓉,王芳,等.2013年鞍山市15岁及以上人群烟草调查报告[J].中国健康教育,2016,32(5):404-407.
[10]杨功焕,马杰民,刘娜,等.中国人群2002年吸烟和被动吸烟的现状调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(2):77-83.
[11]孙洁,郑灿杰,王敏,等.衢州市15-69岁居民烟草流行调查结果分析[C].第八届中国健康教育与健康促进大会论文集,浙江:杭州,2015:143-170.
[12]吴青青,徐越,郭姝洁,等.浙江省成人烟草使用及相关情况调查[J].中国预防医学杂志,2012,13(11):824-867.
[13]韦倩,倪胜,陈智平.南宁市15岁及以上社区居民吸烟现状调查[J].中国卫生事业管理,2012(3):234-237.
[14]胡军霞,唐红,李春燕,等.2013年西安市居民烟草流行状况调查[C].第八届中国健康教育与健康促进大会论文集,浙江:杭州,2014:127-130.
[15]康国荣,鲁培俊,钱国宏,等.甘肃省15~69岁城乡居民烟草流行状况研究[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(10):919-924.
[16]杨功焕,马杰民,刘娜,等.中国人群2002年吸烟和被动吸烟的现状调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(2):77-83.
[17]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心.中国慢性病及其危险因素监测分析报告(2004)[M].北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2009:11-13.
[18]中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心.中国慢性病及其危险因素监测分析报告(2007)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:22-24.
[19]张梅,王丽敏,李镒冲,等.2010年中国成年人吸烟与戒烟行为现状调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,2012,46(5):404-408.
[20]王刚,顾清,高皓宇,等.天津市居民吸烟及戒烟状况调查分析[J].中国社会医学杂志,2016,33(4):364-367.