被动性社交网站使用与初中生抑郁的关系:链式中介效应分析
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摘要
为探讨被动性社交网站使用、冗思、核心自我评价与初中生抑郁的关系,本研究采用被动性社交网站使用问卷、冗思问卷、核心自我评价问卷以及流调中心用抑郁量表对673名初中生进行调查研究。结果显示:(1)被动性社交网站使用与冗思和抑郁均呈显著正相关,而与核心自我评价呈显著负相关;核心自我评价与冗思、抑郁呈显著负相关;冗思与抑郁呈显著正相关;(2)被动性社交网站使用不仅对初中生抑郁具有显著的直接预测作用,而且能够通过三种间接效应对抑郁产生影响,即核心自我评价的单独中介作用、冗思的单独中介作用以及二者的链式中介作用。
Social networking site(SNS) has become one of the most influential and popular social applications in the information age because of its openness, archiving and interactivity, and the impact of SNS use has also become a focus of relevant research scholars. Teenagers are the most active users in SNS, so it has important influence on the establishment of interpersonal relationship, self-concept development and psychological social adaptation for teenagers. In recent years, the SNS as a potential risk factor for depression in adolescents has been taken seriously by researchers at home and abroad, but findings remain inconsistent: increasing the risk of depression vs. alleviating the symptoms of depression. There are studies suggesting that different types of social networking sites, such as active use and passive use, may be the leading cause of inconsistencies in previous studies, and scholars should explore the specific SNS use, such as passive SNS use "how to influence" individual psychology. Therefore, this study intends to explore the influence of passive SNS use on depression and its mechanism.Rumination and core self-evaluation were introduced as two variables to study the relationship between passive SNS use and depression as well as the possible mechanism underlying the relationship between passive SNS use and adolescents' depression. This study focused on the chain mediating role of both rumination and core self-evaluation between passive social network site use and adolescents' depression. A survey research method was adopted in which the Passive Social Network Site Use Scale, the short form of Ruminative Responses Scale, the Core Self-Evaluations Scale as well as the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale were administered to 673 middle school students. Data was collected and analyzed with SPSS 17.0, and the bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method was used to analyze the chain mediating role of both rumination and core self-evaluation between passive social network site use and adolescents' depression. The results indicated:(1) The relationships between each pair of passive social network site use, and rumination as well as depression, were significantly positive. However, passive social network site use, rumination as well as depression were all negatively correlated with core selfevaluation. Passive social network site use not only had direct effect on depression, but also could significantly predict rumination and core selfevaluation; Rumination could significantly predict core self-evaluation; Both rumination and core self-evaluation could significantly predict depression.(2) Passive social network site use not only had direct effect on depression, but also could affect adolescents' depression through three indirect paths: through the mediating role of rumination; Through the mediating role of core self-evaluation; Through the chain mediating role of both rumination and core self-evaluation. The present study highlighted the chain mediating role of both rumination and core self-evaluation in the effect of passive SNS use on adolescents' depression. It may contribute to our better understanding of how passive social network site use impacted adolescents' depression from the Rumination Responses Theory and Vulnerability Model.
Social networking site(SNS) has become one of the most influential and popular social applications in the information age because of its openness, archiving and interactivity, and the impact of SNS use has also become a focus of relevant research scholars. Teenagers are the most active users in SNS, so it has important influence on the establishment of interpersonal relationship, self-concept development and psychological social adaptation for teenagers. In recent years, the SNS as a potential risk factor for depression in adolescents has been taken seriously by researchers at home and abroad, but findings remain inconsistent: increasing the risk of depression vs. alleviating the symptoms of depression. There are studies suggesting that different types of social networking sites, such as active use and passive use, may be the leading cause of inconsistencies in previous studies, and scholars should explore the specific SNS use, such as passive SNS use "how to influence" individual psychology. Therefore, this study intends to explore the influence of passive SNS use on depression and its mechanism.Rumination and core self-evaluation were introduced as two variables to study the relationship between passive SNS use and depression as well as the possible mechanism underlying the relationship between passive SNS use and adolescents' depression. This study focused on the chain mediating role of both rumination and core self-evaluation between passive social network site use and adolescents' depression. A survey research method was adopted in which the Passive Social Network Site Use Scale, the short form of Ruminative Responses Scale, the Core Self-Evaluations Scale as well as the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale were administered to 673 middle school students. Data was collected and analyzed with SPSS 17.0, and the bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method was used to analyze the chain mediating role of both rumination and core self-evaluation between passive social network site use and adolescents' depression. The results indicated:(1) The relationships between each pair of passive social network site use, and rumination as well as depression, were significantly positive. However, passive social network site use, rumination as well as depression were all negatively correlated with core selfevaluation. Passive social network site use not only had direct effect on depression, but also could significantly predict rumination and core selfevaluation; Rumination could significantly predict core self-evaluation; Both rumination and core self-evaluation could significantly predict depression.(2) Passive social network site use not only had direct effect on depression, but also could affect adolescents' depression through three indirect paths: through the mediating role of rumination; Through the mediating role of core self-evaluation; Through the chain mediating role of both rumination and core self-evaluation. The present study highlighted the chain mediating role of both rumination and core self-evaluation in the effect of passive SNS use on adolescents' depression. It may contribute to our better understanding of how passive social network site use impacted adolescents' depression from the Rumination Responses Theory and Vulnerability Model.
引文
陈功兴.(2011).大学生完美主义、沉思与抑郁的关系.广西师范大学硕士学位论文.
葛红宁,周宗奎,牛更枫,陈武.(2016).社交网站使用能带来社会资本吗?心理科学进展,24(3),454-463.
黎建斌,聂衍刚.(2010).核心自我评价研究的反思与展望.心理科学进展,18(12),1848-1857.
连帅磊,孙晓军,牛更枫,周宗奎.(2017).社交网站中的上行社会比较与抑郁的关系:一个有调节的中介模型及性别差异.心理学报,49(7),941-952.
连帅磊,田媛,孙晓军,张晨艳.(2017).主动性社交网站使用与青少年友谊质量的关系:积极反馈和人际不确定性的中介作用.心理与行为研究,15(2),197-204.
刘庆奇,牛更枫,范翠英,周宗奎.(2017).被动性社交网站使用与自尊和自我概念清晰性:有调节的中介模型.心理学报,49(1),60-71.
牛更枫,孙晓军,周宗奎,孔繁昌,田媛.(2016).基于QQ空间的社交网站使用对青少年抑郁的影响:上行社会比较和自尊的序列中介作用.心理学报,48(10),1282-1291.
任志洪,江光荣,叶一舵.(2011).班级环境与青少年抑郁的关系:核心自我评价的中介与调节作用.心理科学,34(5),1106-1112.
孙晓军,连帅磊,牛更枫,闫景蕾,童媛添,周宗奎.(2016).社交网站使用对青少年抑郁的影响:上行社会比较的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,24(1),32-35.
唐海波,罗黄金,张现利,赵龙.(2012).正念训练干预冗思的作用机制探析.中国临床心理学杂志,20(6),898-900.
邢淑芬,俞国良.(2006).社会比较:对比效应还是同化效应?心理科学进展,14(6),944-949.
熊红星,张璟,叶宝娟,郑雪,孙配贞.(2012).共同方法变异的影响及其统计控制途径的模型分析.心理科学进展,20(5),757-769.
闫景蕾,武俐,孙萌,崔娟,梁清.(2016).社交网站使用对抑郁的影响:线上社会资本的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,24(2),317-320.
杨秀娟,张晨艳,周宗奎,范翠英.(2017).被动性社交网站使用与抑郁:自我概念清晰性的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,25(4),768-771.
中国互联网络信息中心.(2018).第41次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告.取自htp:/www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/hlwtjbg/201803/P020180305409870339136.pdf
Burke,M.,Marlow,C.,&Lento,T.(2010).Social network activity and social well-being.In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems(pp.1909-1912),Atlanta,Georgia,USA:ACM Press.
Feinstein,B.A.,Bhatia,V.,&Davila,J.(2014).Rumination mediates the association between cyber-victimization and depressive symptoms.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,29(9),1732-1746.
Feinstein,B.A.,Hershenberg,R.,Bhatia,V.,Latack,J.A.,Meuwly,N.,&Davila,J.(2013).Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms:Rumination as a mechanism.Psychology of Popular Media Culture,2(3),161-170.
Fredrickson,B.L.(2001).The role of positive emotions in positive psychology:The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.American Psychologist,56(3),218-226.
Frison,E.,&Eggermont,S.(2016).Exploring the relationships between different types of Facebook use,perceived online social support,and adolescents depressed mood.Social Science Computer Review,34(2),153-171.
Hayes,A.F.(2012).PROCESS:A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation,moderation,and conditional process modeling.Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf
Jang,K.,Park,N.,&Song,H.(2016).Social comparison on Facebook:Its antecedents and psychological outcomes.Computers in Human Behavior,62,147-154.
Judge,T.A.,Erez,A.,Bono,J.E.,&Thoresen,C.J.(2003).The core selfevaluations scale:Development of a measure.Personnel Psychology,56(2),303-331.
Krasnova,H.,Wenninger,H.,Widjaja,T.,&Bruxmann,P.(2013).Envy on Facebook:A hidden threat to users’life satisfaction?Presented at the 11th international conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik.Leipzig,Germany.
Michl,L.C.,Mc Laughlin,K.A.,Shepherd,K.,&Nolen-Hoeksema,S.(2013).Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety:Longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,122(2),339-352.
Nolen-Hoeksema,S.(1991).Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,100(4),569-582.
Nolen-Hoeksema,S.,Wisco,B.E.,&Lyubomirsky,S.(2008).Rethinking rumination.Perspectives on Psychological Science,3(5),400-424.
Orth,U.,Robins,R.W.,Meier,L.L.,&Conger,R.D.(2016).Refining the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression:Disentangling the effects of genuine self-esteem and narcissism.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,110(1),133-149.
Radloff,L.S.(1977).The CES-D scale:A self-report depression scale for research in the general population.Applied Psychological Measurement,1(3),385-401.
Shaw,A.M.,Timpano,K.R.,Tran,T.B.,&Joormann,J.(2015).Correlates of Facebook usage patterns:The relationship between passive Facebook use,social anxiety symptoms,and brooding.Computers in Human Behavior,48,575-580.
Tsaousis,I.,Nikolaou,I.,Serdaris,N.,&Judge,T.A.(2007).Do the core selfevaluations moderate the relationship between subjective well-being and physical and psychological health?Personality and Individual Differences,42(8),1441-1452.
Verduyn,P.,Lee,D.S.,Park,J.,Shablack,H.,Orvell,A.,Bayer,J.,et al.(2015).Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being:Experimental and longitudinal evidence.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,144(2),480-488.
Vogel,E.A.,Rose,J.P.,Roberts,L.R.,&Eckles,K.(2014).Social comparison,social media,and self-esteem.Psychology of Popular Media Culture,3(4),206-222.
葛红宁,周宗奎,牛更枫,陈武.(2016).社交网站使用能带来社会资本吗?心理科学进展,24(3),454-463.
黎建斌,聂衍刚.(2010).核心自我评价研究的反思与展望.心理科学进展,18(12),1848-1857.
连帅磊,孙晓军,牛更枫,周宗奎.(2017).社交网站中的上行社会比较与抑郁的关系:一个有调节的中介模型及性别差异.心理学报,49(7),941-952.
连帅磊,田媛,孙晓军,张晨艳.(2017).主动性社交网站使用与青少年友谊质量的关系:积极反馈和人际不确定性的中介作用.心理与行为研究,15(2),197-204.
刘庆奇,牛更枫,范翠英,周宗奎.(2017).被动性社交网站使用与自尊和自我概念清晰性:有调节的中介模型.心理学报,49(1),60-71.
牛更枫,孙晓军,周宗奎,孔繁昌,田媛.(2016).基于QQ空间的社交网站使用对青少年抑郁的影响:上行社会比较和自尊的序列中介作用.心理学报,48(10),1282-1291.
任志洪,江光荣,叶一舵.(2011).班级环境与青少年抑郁的关系:核心自我评价的中介与调节作用.心理科学,34(5),1106-1112.
孙晓军,连帅磊,牛更枫,闫景蕾,童媛添,周宗奎.(2016).社交网站使用对青少年抑郁的影响:上行社会比较的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,24(1),32-35.
唐海波,罗黄金,张现利,赵龙.(2012).正念训练干预冗思的作用机制探析.中国临床心理学杂志,20(6),898-900.
邢淑芬,俞国良.(2006).社会比较:对比效应还是同化效应?心理科学进展,14(6),944-949.
熊红星,张璟,叶宝娟,郑雪,孙配贞.(2012).共同方法变异的影响及其统计控制途径的模型分析.心理科学进展,20(5),757-769.
闫景蕾,武俐,孙萌,崔娟,梁清.(2016).社交网站使用对抑郁的影响:线上社会资本的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,24(2),317-320.
杨秀娟,张晨艳,周宗奎,范翠英.(2017).被动性社交网站使用与抑郁:自我概念清晰性的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,25(4),768-771.
中国互联网络信息中心.(2018).第41次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告.取自htp:/www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/hlwtjbg/201803/P020180305409870339136.pdf
Burke,M.,Marlow,C.,&Lento,T.(2010).Social network activity and social well-being.In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems(pp.1909-1912),Atlanta,Georgia,USA:ACM Press.
Feinstein,B.A.,Bhatia,V.,&Davila,J.(2014).Rumination mediates the association between cyber-victimization and depressive symptoms.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,29(9),1732-1746.
Feinstein,B.A.,Hershenberg,R.,Bhatia,V.,Latack,J.A.,Meuwly,N.,&Davila,J.(2013).Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms:Rumination as a mechanism.Psychology of Popular Media Culture,2(3),161-170.
Fredrickson,B.L.(2001).The role of positive emotions in positive psychology:The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.American Psychologist,56(3),218-226.
Frison,E.,&Eggermont,S.(2016).Exploring the relationships between different types of Facebook use,perceived online social support,and adolescents depressed mood.Social Science Computer Review,34(2),153-171.
Hayes,A.F.(2012).PROCESS:A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation,moderation,and conditional process modeling.Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf
Jang,K.,Park,N.,&Song,H.(2016).Social comparison on Facebook:Its antecedents and psychological outcomes.Computers in Human Behavior,62,147-154.
Judge,T.A.,Erez,A.,Bono,J.E.,&Thoresen,C.J.(2003).The core selfevaluations scale:Development of a measure.Personnel Psychology,56(2),303-331.
Krasnova,H.,Wenninger,H.,Widjaja,T.,&Bruxmann,P.(2013).Envy on Facebook:A hidden threat to users’life satisfaction?Presented at the 11th international conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik.Leipzig,Germany.
Michl,L.C.,Mc Laughlin,K.A.,Shepherd,K.,&Nolen-Hoeksema,S.(2013).Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety:Longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,122(2),339-352.
Nolen-Hoeksema,S.(1991).Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,100(4),569-582.
Nolen-Hoeksema,S.,Wisco,B.E.,&Lyubomirsky,S.(2008).Rethinking rumination.Perspectives on Psychological Science,3(5),400-424.
Orth,U.,Robins,R.W.,Meier,L.L.,&Conger,R.D.(2016).Refining the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression:Disentangling the effects of genuine self-esteem and narcissism.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,110(1),133-149.
Radloff,L.S.(1977).The CES-D scale:A self-report depression scale for research in the general population.Applied Psychological Measurement,1(3),385-401.
Shaw,A.M.,Timpano,K.R.,Tran,T.B.,&Joormann,J.(2015).Correlates of Facebook usage patterns:The relationship between passive Facebook use,social anxiety symptoms,and brooding.Computers in Human Behavior,48,575-580.
Tsaousis,I.,Nikolaou,I.,Serdaris,N.,&Judge,T.A.(2007).Do the core selfevaluations moderate the relationship between subjective well-being and physical and psychological health?Personality and Individual Differences,42(8),1441-1452.
Verduyn,P.,Lee,D.S.,Park,J.,Shablack,H.,Orvell,A.,Bayer,J.,et al.(2015).Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being:Experimental and longitudinal evidence.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,144(2),480-488.
Vogel,E.A.,Rose,J.P.,Roberts,L.R.,&Eckles,K.(2014).Social comparison,social media,and self-esteem.Psychology of Popular Media Culture,3(4),206-222.