社会控制与社会失范:“城中村”体育社会解组现象分析
|
摘要
"城中村"是城市化发展过程中过渡化的产物,是中国很多城市发展面临的一个难题,居民体育出现无序发展现状。为促进"城中村"居民体育健康有序发展,主要采用文献资料法、访谈法和参与观察法等研究方法,以"城中村"居民参与体育活动的空间作为考察对象,选用大量的个案研究,以个人、家庭、组织及社会为纽带了解"城中村"体育社会解组现象。以社会失范理论解释发生在"城中村"中的体育赌博、体育犯罪、体育传销、体育非法组织等社会解组现象,分析"城中村"体育社会解组现象产生的原因,运用社会控制理论框架构建"城中村"体育的社会结构、社会规范制度,使"城中村"体育发展趋于良性循环。研究结果表明:"城中村"传统文化对人的控制已经减弱,而新的文化价值尚未构成,因此社会失范在这里发生是不可避免的;体育控制失灵现象是"城中村"体育社会解组现象产生的根本原因;"城中村"的社会体育结构和规范制度对控制发生在"城中村"体育社会解组行为起着关键的作用。因此"城中村"应该依靠村委会的力量,重建"城中村"体育公共空间,建立一套规范的社会体育规范体系,管理"城中村"体育,从而达到"城中村"体育组织的自主整合。
Village in the city is the transition product in the process of urbanization,is a difficult problem for many cities in China,and the sports development is out of order.In order to promote the healthy and orderly development of the residents' sports in village in the city,this study focused on the sports space of residents in village in the city,and chose a large number of case studies to understand the phenomenon of sports social disorganization via individual,family,organization and society.The methods of literature review,interview and participant observation were used.The social disorganization theory was used to explain the phenomenon of social disorganization in village in the city,such as sports gambling,sports crime,sports pyramid selling,and illegal sports organization,and to analyze the reason; social control theory was used to construct the framework of sports social structure,social norms in village in the city,which makes the development of village sports tend to be a cycle of conscience.The results showed that: In village in the city,the traditional culture has weakened the control of human beings,and new cultural values haven't yet been formed,therefore,social anomy is inevitable; sports control failure is the root to cause sports social disorganization in village in the city; the social sports structure and standard of village in the city play a key role in controlling social sports disorganization.Therefore,village in the city should rely on the village power,construct public sports space,and establish a standardized social sports management system to manage sports,so as to achieve the integration of independent sports organizations.
Village in the city is the transition product in the process of urbanization,is a difficult problem for many cities in China,and the sports development is out of order.In order to promote the healthy and orderly development of the residents' sports in village in the city,this study focused on the sports space of residents in village in the city,and chose a large number of case studies to understand the phenomenon of sports social disorganization via individual,family,organization and society.The methods of literature review,interview and participant observation were used.The social disorganization theory was used to explain the phenomenon of social disorganization in village in the city,such as sports gambling,sports crime,sports pyramid selling,and illegal sports organization,and to analyze the reason; social control theory was used to construct the framework of sports social structure,social norms in village in the city,which makes the development of village sports tend to be a cycle of conscience.The results showed that: In village in the city,the traditional culture has weakened the control of human beings,and new cultural values haven't yet been formed,therefore,social anomy is inevitable; sports control failure is the root to cause sports social disorganization in village in the city; the social sports structure and standard of village in the city play a key role in controlling social sports disorganization.Therefore,village in the city should rely on the village power,construct public sports space,and establish a standardized social sports management system to manage sports,so as to achieve the integration of independent sports organizations.
引文
[1]崔雪梅.北京“城中村”居民体育研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2016.
[2]国雅克·马利坦.艺术与诗中的创造性直觉(现代西方学术文库)[M].刘有元,罗选民,译.罗选民,校.北京:生活.读书.新知三联书店,1991:123.
[3]向德平,田北海.转型期中国社会失范与社会控制研究综述[J].学术论坛,2003(2):119-124.
[4]杰克·D·道格拉斯,弗兰西斯·C·瓦克斯勒.越轨社会学概论[M].张宁,朱欣民,译.石家庄:河北人民出版社,1987:46.
[5]涂尔干.社会分工论(新版)[M].渠东,译.北京:生活.读书.新知三联书店,2013:157-255.
[6]Denis Boyles.Everything Explained that Is Explainable:on the Creation of the Encyclopaedia Britannica's Celebrated Eleventh Edition[J].Prologue,2016(6):1910-1911
[7]Dunning E,Murphy P,Williams J.The roots of football hooliganism.An historical and sociological study[J].Roots of Football Hooliganism An Historical&Sociological Study,1988,61(2):255.
[8]Frosdick S,Marsh P,Chalmers J.Football Hooliganism[M].Taylor&Francis,2005:197-220.
[9]Alain Touraine.La Voix et le Regard[M].Paris:Editions du Seuil,1978:45.
[10]Lynch K.A theory of good city form[M].Cambridge,Mass:MIT Press,1981:218.
[11]Kingston B.Social Disorganization Theory[J].Betascript Publishing,2016,5(4):2769-2777.
[12]纪莺莺.从“双向嵌入”到“双向赋权”:以N市社区社会组织为例:兼论当代中国国家与社会关系的重构[J].浙江学刊,2017(1):33-35.
[13]宁德安.当今中国社会分化与整合问题初探[J].贵阳市委党校学报,2012(3):46-49.
[14]张璐.城中村改造中的青年城市融入问题研究[D].长春:长春工业大学,2014-06-01.
[15]杨永伟,夏玉珍.风险社会的理论阐释:兼论风险治理[J].学习与探索,2016(5):35-40.
[16]崔雪梅,仇军.“城中村”基本体育公共服务体系设计:基于体育权利贫困的思考[J].装饰,2016(3):19-21.
[17]涂尔干.社会劳动分工论[M].第2版.渠东,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2000:14-16.
[18]李海荣.改革开放以来的公权失范问题研究[D].北京:中共中央党校,2016-04-01.
[19]薛俊强,黄晓锋.现代社会的理性重建与整合:哈贝马斯与马克思社会历史理论的“公共性”价值意蕴及其比较[J].马克思主义与现实,2012(4):121-127.
[20]吕付华.失范与秩序:重思涂尔干的社会团结理论[J].云南大学学报(社会科学版),2013,12(2):76
[21]阮华容.涂尔干道德教育思想中纪律的道德性探微[J].华中师范大学研究生学报,2013(1):117-121.
[2]国雅克·马利坦.艺术与诗中的创造性直觉(现代西方学术文库)[M].刘有元,罗选民,译.罗选民,校.北京:生活.读书.新知三联书店,1991:123.
[3]向德平,田北海.转型期中国社会失范与社会控制研究综述[J].学术论坛,2003(2):119-124.
[4]杰克·D·道格拉斯,弗兰西斯·C·瓦克斯勒.越轨社会学概论[M].张宁,朱欣民,译.石家庄:河北人民出版社,1987:46.
[5]涂尔干.社会分工论(新版)[M].渠东,译.北京:生活.读书.新知三联书店,2013:157-255.
[6]Denis Boyles.Everything Explained that Is Explainable:on the Creation of the Encyclopaedia Britannica's Celebrated Eleventh Edition[J].Prologue,2016(6):1910-1911
[7]Dunning E,Murphy P,Williams J.The roots of football hooliganism.An historical and sociological study[J].Roots of Football Hooliganism An Historical&Sociological Study,1988,61(2):255.
[8]Frosdick S,Marsh P,Chalmers J.Football Hooliganism[M].Taylor&Francis,2005:197-220.
[9]Alain Touraine.La Voix et le Regard[M].Paris:Editions du Seuil,1978:45.
[10]Lynch K.A theory of good city form[M].Cambridge,Mass:MIT Press,1981:218.
[11]Kingston B.Social Disorganization Theory[J].Betascript Publishing,2016,5(4):2769-2777.
[12]纪莺莺.从“双向嵌入”到“双向赋权”:以N市社区社会组织为例:兼论当代中国国家与社会关系的重构[J].浙江学刊,2017(1):33-35.
[13]宁德安.当今中国社会分化与整合问题初探[J].贵阳市委党校学报,2012(3):46-49.
[14]张璐.城中村改造中的青年城市融入问题研究[D].长春:长春工业大学,2014-06-01.
[15]杨永伟,夏玉珍.风险社会的理论阐释:兼论风险治理[J].学习与探索,2016(5):35-40.
[16]崔雪梅,仇军.“城中村”基本体育公共服务体系设计:基于体育权利贫困的思考[J].装饰,2016(3):19-21.
[17]涂尔干.社会劳动分工论[M].第2版.渠东,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2000:14-16.
[18]李海荣.改革开放以来的公权失范问题研究[D].北京:中共中央党校,2016-04-01.
[19]薛俊强,黄晓锋.现代社会的理性重建与整合:哈贝马斯与马克思社会历史理论的“公共性”价值意蕴及其比较[J].马克思主义与现实,2012(4):121-127.
[20]吕付华.失范与秩序:重思涂尔干的社会团结理论[J].云南大学学报(社会科学版),2013,12(2):76
[21]阮华容.涂尔干道德教育思想中纪律的道德性探微[J].华中师范大学研究生学报,2013(1):117-121.