嵌入国家制定法的立法技术——以社区治理的相关规范为例
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摘要
国家制定法是社区治理的主导性规范,它不仅通过调整相关主体的交往行为发挥影响,还通过嵌入于其他规范产生作用。对此,我们可以选取有关规范性文本,来分析社区治理中国家制定法在公共政策、软法等中的嵌入方式。例如,我们通过对《城市居民委员会组织法》《物业管理条例》等国家制定法与公共政策及软法进行语言分析可知,将国家制定法嵌入公共政策的方式主要有直接转入式、间接延伸式和混合式三种,嵌入软法则通过作为依据、作为原则和作为规则三种方式。不仅如此,社区治理中国家制定法、公共政策和软法等不同规范之间的边界有一定的模糊性,各种形式的规范之间也存在相互嵌入的现象。立法者应当通过改进国家制定法规范嵌入技术,促使社区治理多元规范的有机衔接与合作,形成更为系统的"整体性规范",从而以规范合力推动社区治理规范化乃至法治社会建设。
The national statutes are the leading norms of the communuty governance,which not only play a role by regulating the communicative actions of relative subjects,but also militate by embedding in other norms.We can select some normative texts to analyze the embedding modes of national statutes in public polices and soft laws in the community governance.For example,we can know that there are three modes of national statutes embedding in the public policies,such as direct-transferring mode,indirect-extending mode and mixed mode,however,national statutes could embed in the soft laws as grounds,as principles and as rules,by making language analysis with national statutes such as Urban Committee Organization Law and Regulation on Realty Management and other public policies and soft law documents.Furthermore,the boundary among different norms in the community governance such as national statutes,public policies and soft laws is a bit vague,as well as embedding in each other among different kind of norms.The lawmaker should promote the multiple norms in the community governance to link and collaborate organically and to formulate more systematic whole norm by improve the national statutes norm embedding technology so as to make the multiple norms develop better joint forces of norms in the community governance normalizing and even the building of society with rule of law.
The national statutes are the leading norms of the communuty governance,which not only play a role by regulating the communicative actions of relative subjects,but also militate by embedding in other norms.We can select some normative texts to analyze the embedding modes of national statutes in public polices and soft laws in the community governance.For example,we can know that there are three modes of national statutes embedding in the public policies,such as direct-transferring mode,indirect-extending mode and mixed mode,however,national statutes could embed in the soft laws as grounds,as principles and as rules,by making language analysis with national statutes such as Urban Committee Organization Law and Regulation on Realty Management and other public policies and soft law documents.Furthermore,the boundary among different norms in the community governance such as national statutes,public policies and soft laws is a bit vague,as well as embedding in each other among different kind of norms.The lawmaker should promote the multiple norms in the community governance to link and collaborate organically and to formulate more systematic whole norm by improve the national statutes norm embedding technology so as to make the multiple norms develop better joint forces of norms in the community governance normalizing and even the building of society with rule of law.
引文
(1)梁迎修:《我国城市社区治理法治化探析》,《郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年第2期,第64页。
(2)参见张洪武《社区治理的多中心秩序与制度安排》,《广东社会科学》2007年第1期,第182页。
(3)周旺生:《立法学》,法律出版社2009年版,第375页。
(1)陈庭忠:《论政策和法律的协调与衔接》,《理论探讨》2001年第1期,第65页。
(2)肖金明:《为全面法治重构政策与法律关系》,《中国行政管理》2013年第5期,第38页。
(3)刘玉东、风笑天:《法律的规则效应与居委会的组织建设》,《国家行政学院学报》2013年第6期,第64页。
(1)肖金明:《为全面法治重构政策与法律关系》,《中国行政管理》2013年第5期,第39页。
(1)李培志:《走向治理的业主委员会:基于18个业主委员会的观察》,《山东社会科学》2014年第8期,第107页。
(1)郑敬高、田野:《论“泛政策化”陷阱》,《青海社会科学》2013年第2期,第60页。
(2)李龙、李慧敏:《政策与法律的互补谐变关系探析》,《理论与改革》2017年第1期,第56页。
(1)[美]大卫·梅林科夫:《法律的语言》,廖美珍译,法律出版社2014年版,第333页。
(2)参见张洪武《社区治理的多中心秩序与制度安排》,《广东社会科学》2007年第1期,第182页。
(3)周旺生:《立法学》,法律出版社2009年版,第375页。
(1)陈庭忠:《论政策和法律的协调与衔接》,《理论探讨》2001年第1期,第65页。
(2)肖金明:《为全面法治重构政策与法律关系》,《中国行政管理》2013年第5期,第38页。
(3)刘玉东、风笑天:《法律的规则效应与居委会的组织建设》,《国家行政学院学报》2013年第6期,第64页。
(1)肖金明:《为全面法治重构政策与法律关系》,《中国行政管理》2013年第5期,第39页。
(1)李培志:《走向治理的业主委员会:基于18个业主委员会的观察》,《山东社会科学》2014年第8期,第107页。
(1)郑敬高、田野:《论“泛政策化”陷阱》,《青海社会科学》2013年第2期,第60页。
(2)李龙、李慧敏:《政策与法律的互补谐变关系探析》,《理论与改革》2017年第1期,第56页。
(1)[美]大卫·梅林科夫:《法律的语言》,廖美珍译,法律出版社2014年版,第333页。