认知神经美学:一个新兴的学派
摘要
认知神经美学提出了与本体论美学全然不同的论点,以新的学说形成了新的学派。美学的基本问题、初始问题应是"美的事物从何而来",而"美是什么"则是在这一初始问题基础上衍生出的次级问题。一个物体之所以是美的,其根本原因不是因为其中存有"美"(美本身),而是因为该物体于人有利。于人有利的物体能引发利害性的愉悦感和意义领悟,从而在大脑的认知神经系统中形成将形式知觉与愉悦感和意义领悟相联系的一般性认知模块。当人处于非利害状态时,再遇到与既有认知模块相匹配的物体及其形式,一般性认知模块就转化为特殊认知模块,可以直觉性地产生非利害的愉悦感,又称美感。由此,引发美感的物体就被称为美的事物,继而在错觉作用下被误以为其中含有"美"(美本身)。
Cognitive neurological aesthetics puts forward a different argument from ontological aesthetics and forms a new school of thought with a new theory.The basic question of aesthetics should be "where do beautiful things come from",while the question of "what is beauty" is a secondary problem derived from this initial question.The fundamental reason why an object is beautiful is not because there is "beauty" in it,but because it is beneficial to people.Objects in favor of people can trigger the sense of pleasure,thus forming a general cognitive module in the cognitive nervous system of the brain that links form perception with pleasure and meaning comprehension.When people are in a state of noninterest,and encounter objects and their form that matches the existing cognitive module,the general cognitive module will be transformed into a special cognitive module,which can intuitively generate non-interested pleasure,which is also known as beauty.Therefore,the object that arouses aesthetic feeling is called the thing of beauty,and then it is mistaken under the effect of illusion that it contains "beauty" itself.
Cognitive neurological aesthetics puts forward a different argument from ontological aesthetics and forms a new school of thought with a new theory.The basic question of aesthetics should be "where do beautiful things come from",while the question of "what is beauty" is a secondary problem derived from this initial question.The fundamental reason why an object is beautiful is not because there is "beauty" in it,but because it is beneficial to people.Objects in favor of people can trigger the sense of pleasure,thus forming a general cognitive module in the cognitive nervous system of the brain that links form perception with pleasure and meaning comprehension.When people are in a state of noninterest,and encounter objects and their form that matches the existing cognitive module,the general cognitive module will be transformed into a special cognitive module,which can intuitively generate non-interested pleasure,which is also known as beauty.Therefore,the object that arouses aesthetic feeling is called the thing of beauty,and then it is mistaken under the effect of illusion that it contains "beauty" itself.
引文
(1)康德:《判断力批判》,《美,以及美的反思:康德美学全集》,曹俊峰译,北京:金城出版社,2013年,第351页。
(1)康德:《判断力批判》,《美,以及美的反思:康德美学全集》,第419页。
(1)康德:《判断力批判》,《美,以及美的反思:康德美学全集》,第419页。