基于物元分析的城市综合体建筑火灾风险评价研究
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摘要
为准确评价城市综合体建筑火灾风险等级,考虑到火灾风险影响因素的复杂性和不相容性,提出一种基于组合权和物元分析理论的城市综合体建筑火灾风险评价方法.首先,根据综合体建筑火灾特点与灾害机理,按人—机—料—法—环5要素确定评价指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)和熵权法计算指标组合权重;其次,针对评价的模糊性和不确定性,通过物元变换建立评价的物元体系,即确定火灾风险评价的经典域、节域和待评物元,通过计算等级贴近度确定综合体建筑火灾风险等级;最后,以武汉市某大型综合体为例,按照该方法确定该建筑火灾风险等级.结果表明,该综合体建筑火灾风险为安全,符合实际情况;与用于一般建筑火灾风险的其他评价方法相比,更为准确客观、简便易行.
To get scientific and objective assessment of the grade of the fire risk of large commercial complex building project, considering the complexity and incompatibility of factors in the assessment, a method based on combination weight and matter element analysis was developed. Embarking the characteristics and disaster mechanism of fires in large commercial complex building, a fire risk assessment index system was established according to 4 M1 E(man, machine, material, method and environment). AHP and entropy weights method were used to calculate combining weights. Considering the fuzziness and randomness of the fire risk assessment, the matter element system of fire risk assessment was established based on the matter element transform, which constructs the matter-element to be evaluated and standard one. The grade of the fire risk of large commercial complex building is determined by asymmetric closeness. Furthermore, the method was applied to a certain project as an example. The calculation results are closer to reality and the method is simpler, which conforms with the results obtained by conventional methods.
To get scientific and objective assessment of the grade of the fire risk of large commercial complex building project, considering the complexity and incompatibility of factors in the assessment, a method based on combination weight and matter element analysis was developed. Embarking the characteristics and disaster mechanism of fires in large commercial complex building, a fire risk assessment index system was established according to 4 M1 E(man, machine, material, method and environment). AHP and entropy weights method were used to calculate combining weights. Considering the fuzziness and randomness of the fire risk assessment, the matter element system of fire risk assessment was established based on the matter element transform, which constructs the matter-element to be evaluated and standard one. The grade of the fire risk of large commercial complex building is determined by asymmetric closeness. Furthermore, the method was applied to a certain project as an example. The calculation results are closer to reality and the method is simpler, which conforms with the results obtained by conventional methods.
引文
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[2] 陈娟娟,方正,谢涛,等.典型建筑火灾风险评估体系及其软件开发[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(1):116-121.CHEN J J,FANG Z,XIE T,et al.Fire risk assessment for typical buildings and software development[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(1):116-121.(Ch).
[3] 余磊,李波.基于熵权的未确知测度理论的高层建筑火灾危险性评价[J].安全与环境工程,2017,24(1):115-120.YU L,LI B.Fire risk evaluation for high-rise buildings based on entropy weight and uncertainty measurement theory[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2017,24(1):115-120.(Ch).
[4] WAIDYASEKARA K G,THILINI P,DAHANAYAKE K.Fire risk in high rise buildings:inspection strategies framework[J].Institute for Construction Training and Development,2014(11):88-95.
[5] YI G W,QIN H L.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of fire risk on high-rise buildings[J].Procedia Engineering,2011,11(11):620-624.
[6] RAMACHANDRAN G,CHARTERS D,Quantitative risk assessment in fire safety[M].Abingdon UK:Spon Press,2011.
[7] 段美栋,姜东民,丁伶,等.FANP-BP高层建筑火灾风险评估模型及应用[J].消防科学与技术,2015,34(11):1530-1533.DUAN M D,JIANG D M,DING L,et al.Fire risk assessment model of high-rise buildings based on FANP-BP and its application[J].Fire Science and Technology,2015,34(11):1530-1533.(Ch).
[8] 郑乐.高层建筑火灾风险分析及对策研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(10):72-76,177.ZHENG L.Risk analysis of high-rise building fire and its counter measures[J].China Safety Science Journal,2009,19(10):72-76,177.(Ch).
[9] 毛春艳,周宗放.基于多级物元分析的高层建筑火灾风险评估[J].建筑科学,2008,24(1):24-26.MAO C Y ZHOU Z F.Fire risk evaluation for high-rise buildings based on multi-grade matter element analysis[J].Building Science,2008,24(1):24-26.(Ch).
[10] 李姗姗.大型商业综合体火灾风险性分析[D].西安:西安科技大学,2015.LI S S.Analysis on Fire Risk of the Large-scale Commercial Complex[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2015.(Ch).
[11] 蔡文.物元分析[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1987.CAI W.Matter Element Analysis[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Higher Education Press,1987.(Ch).
[12] 吴菊华,晋良海,余迪,等.面向非对称贴近度的地质灾害危险性评价可拓模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(9):7-12.WU J H,JIN L H,YU D,et al.A symmetric closeness-oriented extension model for geological hazard assessment[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(9):7-12.(Ch).
[13] 田玉敏.建筑火灾风险评价体系的建立与应用探讨[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(8):74-79.TIAN Y M.Establishment of building fire risk assessment index system and its application[J].China Safety Science Journal,2008,18(8):74-79.(Ch).
[14] 李英攀,刘名强,王芳,等.装配式建筑项目安全绩效云模型评价方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(6):115-120.LI Y P,LIU M Q,WANG F,et al.Safety performance assessment of fabricated building project based on cloud model[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(6):115-120.(Ch).
[15] 李英攀,刘名强,王芳,等.基于组合权重-TOPSIS的PPP建设项目融资渠道选择[J].财会月刊,2017(23):56-63.LI Y P,LIU M Q,WANG F,et al.Research on the choice of the PPP construction project financing channels based on combination weight-TOPSIS[J].Finance and Accounting Monthly,2017(23):56-63.(Ch).
[16] 吴泽宁,张文鸽,管新建.AHP中判断矩阵一致性检验和修正的统计方法[J].系统工程,2002,20(3):67-71.WU Z N,ZHANG W G,GUAN X J.A statistical method to check and rectify the consistency of a judgment matrix[J].Systems Engineering,2002,20(3):67-71.(Ch).
[17] 湖北省公安消防总队.湖北省消防机构建设工程消防监督管理操作规程[Z].2009-7-23.Hubei Provincial Fire Brigade.Operation rules for fire supervision and management for fire department in Hubei[Z].2009-7-23.(Ch).
[18] 武汉市公安消防局.武汉市建设工程消防设计审核及验收申报指南[Z].2011-3-2.Wuhan Municipal Fire Bureau.Wuhan construction engineering design review for fire protection and guidelines of acceptance declaration[Z].2011-3-2.(Ch).
[19] 住房和城乡建设部.GB 50016-2014 建筑设计防火规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2014.The Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development.GB 50016-2014 Code for fire protection design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2014.(Ch).
[20] 住房和城乡建设部.GB 50222-2017.建筑内部装修设计防火规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2017.The Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development.GB 50222-2017.Code for fire protection in design of interior decoration of buildings[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2017.(Ch).