寒旱环境4种草本和灌木植物耐盐性试验研究
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摘要
选取4种适宜于西宁盆地及其周边地区生长的老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus Linn.)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)、柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon Maxim.)作为供试种,采用室内种植方式进行0、30、60、90、120 mmol/L 5种浓度的Na_2SO_4溶液胁迫试验。研究4种植物地茎(径)、株高、干重等生长指标及地上和地下部分Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)6种易溶盐离子含量,探讨4种植物的耐盐性特征。结果表明:盐胁迫对4种植物的生长具有一定抑制效应,其地茎(径)、株高、干重均逐渐降低,其中盐胁迫条件下对老芒麦的抑制作用相对较为显著,其次为垂穗披碱草、霸王和柠条锦鸡儿;随着胁迫浓度增加,4种植物地上和地下部分Na~+和SO_4~(2-)含量显著增加,而K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-含量呈逐渐降低;柠条锦鸡儿地上部分K~+/Na~+值相对较高,为0.73~9.70,其次为霸王和垂穗披碱草,为0.46~8.35和0.45~7.57,老芒麦相对较低,为0.25~6.12,表明区内4种植物耐盐性由大至小依次为柠条锦鸡儿、霸王、垂穗披碱草、老芒麦。研究结果对于西宁盆地及其周边地区开展利用植物有效防治土地盐渍化具有理论指导意义。
Four species( Elymus sibiricus Linn.,Elymus nutans Griseb.,Caragana korshinskii Kom. and Zygophyllum xanthoxylon Maxim.) which are adaptive to the growing condition of the Xining Basin and the surrounding areas were taken as the tests species. Salt stress tests with Na_2SO_4 solution with the concentration gradient of 0,30,60,90 and 120 mmol/L were applied to the four species which were planted indoor. By determining the basal diameter( rhizome diameter),plant height and dry weight and six ion( Na~+,K~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Cl~-and SO_4~(2-)) content in above-ground parts and under-ground parts of the four species,salt-tolerance properties of the four species have been investigated. The results indicate exhibits growth of the four species is depressed to some extent by salt stress,and basal diameter( rhizome/diameter),plant height and dry weight decline gradually. And the depression on E. sibiricusis stressed by Na_2SO_4 solution is relatively significant,followed by E. nutans,Z. xanthoxylon and C. korshinskii. With the solution concentration rising,content of Na~+and SO_4~(2-) in both the above and underground parts of the four species increase significantly,whereas the content of the other ions( K~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)and Cl~-) exhibit declining trend. And ion content ratio of K~+to Na~+for above-ground parts of C. korshinskii is relatively larger,increasing from 0. 73 to 9. 70,followed by Z. xanthoxylon and E. nutans,increasing from 0. 46 and 0. 45 to 8. 35 and 7. 57 respectively. Ion content ratio of K~+to Na~+for above-ground parts of E. sibiricus is relatively less,increasing from 0. 25 to 6. 12,which means the salt tolerance capacities for the four species from strong to weak are C. korshinskii,Z. xanthoxylon,E. nutans and E. sibiris. The results show theoretically instructive significance in effectively implementing measurements in salinized land reclamation by vegetation in the Xining Basin and the surround regions.
Four species( Elymus sibiricus Linn.,Elymus nutans Griseb.,Caragana korshinskii Kom. and Zygophyllum xanthoxylon Maxim.) which are adaptive to the growing condition of the Xining Basin and the surrounding areas were taken as the tests species. Salt stress tests with Na_2SO_4 solution with the concentration gradient of 0,30,60,90 and 120 mmol/L were applied to the four species which were planted indoor. By determining the basal diameter( rhizome diameter),plant height and dry weight and six ion( Na~+,K~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Cl~-and SO_4~(2-)) content in above-ground parts and under-ground parts of the four species,salt-tolerance properties of the four species have been investigated. The results indicate exhibits growth of the four species is depressed to some extent by salt stress,and basal diameter( rhizome/diameter),plant height and dry weight decline gradually. And the depression on E. sibiricusis stressed by Na_2SO_4 solution is relatively significant,followed by E. nutans,Z. xanthoxylon and C. korshinskii. With the solution concentration rising,content of Na~+and SO_4~(2-) in both the above and underground parts of the four species increase significantly,whereas the content of the other ions( K~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)and Cl~-) exhibit declining trend. And ion content ratio of K~+to Na~+for above-ground parts of C. korshinskii is relatively larger,increasing from 0. 73 to 9. 70,followed by Z. xanthoxylon and E. nutans,increasing from 0. 46 and 0. 45 to 8. 35 and 7. 57 respectively. Ion content ratio of K~+to Na~+for above-ground parts of E. sibiricus is relatively less,increasing from 0. 25 to 6. 12,which means the salt tolerance capacities for the four species from strong to weak are C. korshinskii,Z. xanthoxylon,E. nutans and E. sibiris. The results show theoretically instructive significance in effectively implementing measurements in salinized land reclamation by vegetation in the Xining Basin and the surround regions.
引文
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[27]张继伟,赵昕,陈国雄,等.盐胁迫下荒漠植物柠条和油嵩的离子吸收及分配特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(3):68-73.
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[2]樊自立,马英杰,马映军,等.中国西部地区的盐渍土及其改良利用[J].干旱区研究,2001,18(3):1-6.
[3]赵宣,韩霁昌,王欢元,等.盐渍土改良技术研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(8):113-116.
[4]谢英赞,何平,王朝英,等.外源Ca2+,SA,NO对盐胁迫下决明幼苗生理特性的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(3):36-43.
[5]徐静,董宽虎,高文俊,等.Na Cl和Na2SO4胁迫下冰草幼苗的生长及生理响应[J].中国草地学报,2011,33(1):36-41.
[6]刘正祥,张华新,杨秀艳,等.Na2SO4胁迫随沙枣幼苗生长和光和生理的影响[J].林业研究,2014,27(2):186-194.
[7]朱义,谭贵娥,何池全,等.盐胁迫对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)幼苗生长和离子分布的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5447-5454.
[8]王红玲,阿不来提·阿不都热依木,齐曼.Na2SO4胁迫下狗牙根K+、Na+离子分布及其抗盐性的评价[J].中国草地,2004,26(5):37-42.
[9]Tarchoune I,Degl’Innocenti E,Kaddour R,et al.Effects of Na Cl or Na2SO4salinity on plant growth,ion content and photosynthetic activity in Ocimum basilicum L.[J].Acta physiologiae plantarum,2012,34(2):607-615.
[10]Yue L J,Li S X,Ma Q,et al.Na Cl stimulates growth and alleviates water stress in the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2012,87:153-160.
[11]岳利军,袁坤,李海伟,等.荒漠植物沙芥苗期对不同浓度Na Cl的适应机制[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):144-152.
[12]孙毅.西宁市黄土滑坡发育特征及稳定性分析—以小酉山滑坡为例[D].西安:长安大学,2013.
[13]周瑞福.西宁地区盐渍土的特征及工程处理措施[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(3):46-50.
[14]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50021—2001(2009年版)岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
[15]蒲胜海,冯广平,李磐,等.无土栽培基质理化性状测定方法及其应用研究[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(2):267-272.
[16]林大仪.土壤学实验指导[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
[17]陆景陵,胡霭堂.植物营养学(上)[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:182.
[18]刘正祥,张华新,杨秀艳,等.Na Cl胁迫下沙枣幼苗生长和阳离子吸收、运输与分配特性[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):326-336.
[19]高永生,王锁明,张承烈.植物盐适应性调节机制的研究进展[J].草业学报,2003,12(2):1-6.
[20]Kim Y,Arihara J,Nakayama T,et al.Antioxidative responses and their relation to salt tolerance in Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing and Setaria virdis(L.)Beauv[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2004,44(1):87-92.
[21]曹岩坡,代鹏,戴素英,等.盐胁迫对芦笋幼苗生长和体内Na+、K+、Ca2+分布的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(10):31-36.
[22]杨月娟,周华坤,王文颖,等.盐胁迫对垂穗披碱草幼苗生理指标的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(1):101-106.
[23]Waisel Y.Biology of Halophytes[M].New York:Academic Press,1972.
[24]贾亚雄,孙蕾,何峰.利用原子吸收光谱法分析盐胁迫对野生披碱草矿质元素吸收和积累的影响[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2008,28(12):2984-2988.
[25]朱慧森,方志红,杨桂英,等.不同盐碱化草地披碱草生物量形成及根系对K+、Na+的选择性吸收[J].草地学报,2010,18(3):383-387.
[26]Wang S M,Wan C G,Wang Y R,et al.The characteristics of Na+,K+and free proline distribution in several droughtresistant plants of the Alxa Desert,China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,56:525-539.
[27]张继伟,赵昕,陈国雄,等.盐胁迫下荒漠植物柠条和油嵩的离子吸收及分配特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(3):68-73.
[28]Zhu J K.Regulation of ion homeostasis under salt stress[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2003,6(5):441-445.
[29]李先婷.盐胁迫对豌豆幼苗离子平衡和根际p H变化的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2013.