饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄湖羊生长、消化性能及血清指标的影响
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摘要
旨在研究饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄湖羊羔羊生长、消化性能和血清指标的影响。本研究采用两因素两水平试验设计,选取64只17日龄体重相近、健康的湖羊羔羊,随机分为高能高蛋白(HE-HP)、高能低蛋白(HE-LP)、低能高蛋白(LE-HP)、低能低蛋白(LE-LP)4组,每组4个重复,每重复4只羊。试验预试期3d,21日龄起所有羔羊断母乳,饲喂代乳粉、补饲开食料。正试期40d。每天记录羔羊采食量,每隔20d晨饲前称重、颈静脉采血测定血清指标;31～40和51～60日龄期间采用全收粪法进行消化试验。结果表明:1)饲粮能量与蛋白水平对羔羊生长性能无显著交互作用(P>0.05),但羔羊日增重与饲料转化效率均随饲粮能量或蛋白质水平的降低而显著降低(P<0.05)。2)饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对羔羊31～40日龄干物质和总能消化率存在显著交互作用(P<0.05),表现为饲喂高能量饲粮时羔羊对饲粮干物质和和总能消化率随蛋白质水平的降低而显著降低(P<0.05)。3)40日龄羔羊血清葡萄糖含量随能量水平降低而显著降低(P<0.05);60日龄时,降低蛋白质水平显著降低了羔羊血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05)、提高了血清生长激素含量(P<0.05),降低饲粮能量水平显著提高了血清尿素氮和三酰甘油含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄羔羊生长性能有显著影响,适当的能量和蛋白水平能够改善羔羊生长和消化性能。
The aim of this research was to assess the effects of dietary protein and energy levels on the growth,digestion performance and serum biochemical indexes of 21-60 days old Hu sheep lambs.In a 2×2 factorial design arrangement,sixty-four healthy Hu sheep lambs with similar body weight and birth date were assigned to 4groups,including high energy-high protein(HEHP),high energy-low protein(HE-LP),low energy-high protein(LE-HP)and low energy-low protein(LE-LP)groups.Each group had 4 replicates with 4 lambs in each replicate.After a three-day adaptation period,all lambs were weaned and fed with milk replacer and starter.The trial lasted for 40 days.The feed intake of lambs were recorded every day.The body weight was measured and blood samples were collected before morning feeding every 20 days.The digestibility testswere carried out from 31 to 40 and 51 to 60days of age.The results showed that:1)There was no significant interaction between energy and protein levels on growth performance of lambs(P>0.05),but the ADG and feed conversion efficiency significantly decreased with the decrease of dietary protein or energy levels(P<0.05).2)There was an significant interaction between energy and protein levels on the digestibility of DM and total energy in lambs from 31 to 40 days of age(P<0.05).Specifically,fed with the high energy diet,the digestibility of DM and total energy of lambs significantly decreased with the decrease of protein levels(P<0.05).3)The serum glucose concentration significantly decreased with the decrease of dietary energy level for40 days old lambs(P<0.05).At 60 day,decreased the protein levels significantly decreased the serum urea nitrogen content(P <0.05)and significantly increased the serum GH content(P<0.05),decreased the energy levels significantly increased the serum urea nitrogen content(P<0.05)and triglyceride content(P<0.05).In summary,dietary energy and protein levels can affect the growth performance of lambs from 21 to 60 days old,appropriate dietary energy and protein levels should be provided to guarantee the digestion and growth of lambs.
The aim of this research was to assess the effects of dietary protein and energy levels on the growth,digestion performance and serum biochemical indexes of 21-60 days old Hu sheep lambs.In a 2×2 factorial design arrangement,sixty-four healthy Hu sheep lambs with similar body weight and birth date were assigned to 4groups,including high energy-high protein(HEHP),high energy-low protein(HE-LP),low energy-high protein(LE-HP)and low energy-low protein(LE-LP)groups.Each group had 4 replicates with 4 lambs in each replicate.After a three-day adaptation period,all lambs were weaned and fed with milk replacer and starter.The trial lasted for 40 days.The feed intake of lambs were recorded every day.The body weight was measured and blood samples were collected before morning feeding every 20 days.The digestibility testswere carried out from 31 to 40 and 51 to 60days of age.The results showed that:1)There was no significant interaction between energy and protein levels on growth performance of lambs(P>0.05),but the ADG and feed conversion efficiency significantly decreased with the decrease of dietary protein or energy levels(P<0.05).2)There was an significant interaction between energy and protein levels on the digestibility of DM and total energy in lambs from 31 to 40 days of age(P<0.05).Specifically,fed with the high energy diet,the digestibility of DM and total energy of lambs significantly decreased with the decrease of protein levels(P<0.05).3)The serum glucose concentration significantly decreased with the decrease of dietary energy level for40 days old lambs(P<0.05).At 60 day,decreased the protein levels significantly decreased the serum urea nitrogen content(P <0.05)and significantly increased the serum GH content(P<0.05),decreased the energy levels significantly increased the serum urea nitrogen content(P<0.05)and triglyceride content(P<0.05).In summary,dietary energy and protein levels can affect the growth performance of lambs from 21 to 60 days old,appropriate dietary energy and protein levels should be provided to guarantee the digestion and growth of lambs.
引文
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[3]岳喜新,刁其玉,马春晖,等.代乳粉蛋白质水平对早期断奶羔羊生长发育和营养物质代谢的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):268-274.YUE X X,DIAO Q Y,MA C H,et al.Effects of protein concentrations of milk replacers on growth performance and nutrient digestion and metabolism in early weaned lambs[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(3):268-274.(in Chinese)
[4]周世卫,代立霞,田春丽,等.4~8月龄滩羊日粮能蛋比相同条件下分阶段育肥的效果研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(23):44-52.ZHOU S W,DAI L X,TIAN C L,et al.Study on the phased fattening effect of 4to 8month-old tan sheep under the same energy-protein ratio[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2016,52(23):44-52.(in Chinese)
[5]YURTMAN I Y,SAVAS T,KARAAGAC F,et al.Effects of daily protein intake levels on the oral stereotypic behaviours in energy restricted lambs[J].Appl Anim Behav Sci,2002,77(1):77-88.
[6]杨诗兴,彭大惠,张文远,等.湖羊能量与蛋白质需要量的研究[J].中国农业科学,1988,21(2):73-80.YANG S X,PENG D H,ZHANG W Y,et al.Energy and protein requirements of Hu-sheep[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1988,21(2):73-80.(in Chinese)
[7]王桂秋.营养水平对羔羊物质消化的影响及羔羊早期断奶时间的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2005.WANG G Q.Study on nutrition utilization of lambs when fed milk replacers of different nutrition levels and early-weaned time of lambs[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2005.(in Chinese)
[8]祁敏丽.日粮能量和蛋白质水平对羔羊生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.QI M L.Effects of dietary energy and protein level on growth performance and gastrointestinal development of lambs[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2016.(in Chinese)
[9]岳喜新.蛋白水平及饲喂量对早期断奶羔羊生长性能及消化代谢的影响[D].阿拉尔:塔里木大学,2011.YUE X X.Effects of protein levels and feeding levels of a milk replacer on growth performance and nutrient utilization in early-weaned lambs[D].Alare:Tarim University,2011.(in Chinese)
[10]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.ZHANG L Y.Feed analysis and quality in inspection technology[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[11]BRAND T S,VAN DER MERWE D A,SWART E,et al.Comparing the effect of age and dietary energy content on feedlot performance of Boer goats[J].Small Ruminant Res,2017,157:40-46.
[12]ROS-RINCN F G,ESTRADA-ANGULO A,PLA-SCENCIA A,et al.Influence of protein and energy level in finishing diets for feedlot hair lambs:growth performance,dietary energetics and carcass characteristics[J].Asian Australas J Anim Sci,2014,27(1):55-61.
[13]LU C D,POTCHOIBA M J.Feed intake and weight gain of growing goats fed diets of various energy and protein levels[J].J Anim Sci,1990,68(6):1751-1759.
[14]张庆丽.早期能量与蛋白限制饲养对1月龄断奶羔羊胃肠道发育的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.ZHANG Q L.Effects of early energy and protein restricted feeding on gastrointestinal development of weaned lambs at the age of 1 month[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2010.(in Chinese)
[15]EBRAHIMI R,AHMADI H R,ZAMIRI M J,et al.Effect of energy and protein levels on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of mehraban ram lambs[J].Pak J Biol Sci,2007,10(10):1679-1684.
[16]ESTRADA-ANGULO A,CASTRO-PREZ B I,URAS-ESTRADA J D,et al.Influence of protein level on growth performance,dietary energetics and carcass characteristics of pelibuey×katahdin lambs finished with isocaloric diets[J].Small Ruminant Res,2018,160:59-64.
[17]于子洋,袁翠林,刘强,等.不同蛋白质水平对崂山奶山羊蛋白质沉积、屠宰性能的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2016(1):60-64.YU Z Y,YUAN C L,LIU Q,et al.Effects of different protein levels on protein retention,slaughter performance of laoshan dairy goat[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,2016(1):60-64.(in Chinese)
[18]PAJAK J J,ZEBROWSKA T,SOWAK M,et al.Fattening of polish lowland lambs on diets with different energy and protein levels[J].J Anim Feed Sci,2000,9(3):447-460.
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